INVENTORS and SCIENTISTS

INVENTORS and SCIENTISTS

Magnifying glass – 1250Bacon

Printing press with moveable type - 1450Guttenberg

Heliocentric planetary model- 1535Copernicus

Modern calendar – 1582 pope Gregory 13

Astronomical telescope – 1609Galileo

Function of the heart and complete circulation of the blood – 1616Harvey

Analytical geometry – 1637Descartes

Calculating machine – 1642Pascal

Barometer – 1643Torricelli

Calculus – 1666Newton

Reflecting telescope – 1668Newton

Speed of light – 1675Romer

Bacteria – 1683van Leeuwenhook

Periodicity of comet orbits – 1695Halley

Machine seed drill – 1701tull

Mercury thermometer – 1718fahrenheit

Threshing machine – 1732menz

Plant and animal classification system – 1735linnaeus

Hydrogen – 1766cavendish

Oxygen – 1774 (3 men)scheele, priestly, lavoisier

Uranus – 1781, Infrared light – 1800herschel

Bifocal Lenses – 1784Benjamin Franklin

Cotton gin Parts – 1793Eli Whitney

Method for storing electricity –1800Alessandro Volta

Modern atomic theory – 1803John Dalton

Wind scale – 1806Beaufort

Electric motor principle – 1821 Electromagnetic induction – 1831 Michael Faraday

Electrical resistance – 1827Ohm

1st photographs – 1837 Daguerre

Plant cells – 1838Schleiden

Animal cells – 1839Schwann

Vulcanization of rubber – 1839Goodyear

Sewing machine – 1846Howe

Absolute zero – 1851Lord Kelvin (William Thompson)

Passenger elevator – 1857Otis

Steel and iron making - 1860’sBessemer

Refutation of spontaneous generation – 1864Pasteur

Swedish - Nitroglycerine and dynamite explosive – 1867Alfred Nobel

Railroad sleeping car – 1864Pullman

Genetics – 1865Mendel

Introduction of antiseptic practices in hospitals-1867 Lister

Periodic Law – 1869Mendeleyev

Phonograph – 1877; Three wired system for transporting electrical power – 1882

Alkaline battery – 1900Edison

Cathode Ray tube – (early TV) 1878Crookes

Gram bacteria test – 1884Gram

Aluminum electrolysis project – 1886Charles Martin Hall

Railway car brake – 1886Westinghouse

Hand Camera – 1888Eastman

Alternating current motor – 1888Tesla

Argon Gas & helium – 1894Ramsey

Wireless telegraph (radio) – 1895Marconi

Science of radioactivity – 1896Becquerel

Conditioned reflexes (on dogs) – 1897 Pavlov

Discovered electrons; "plum pudding model" - 1898JJ Thompson

Quantum theory – 1901Planck

1st Nobel prize in chemistry - organic stuffVan't Hoff

"father of physical chemistry" - 1901

1st Nobel prize in Physics for dicoveringRoentgen

X-rays - 1901

Radium and Polonium – 1902Pierre and Marie Curie

Brownian motion, photoelectric effect - 1905Albert Einstein

Dutch - forces holding molecules together - 1905Van der Waals

N. Zealander (England) ; Discovered and named alpha, beta, gamma; nucleus;

theory of nuclear structure; 1st nuclear reaction – 1911Ernest Rutherford

Danish; theory of atomic structure 1915 Niels Bohr

Plate techtonic theory - 1912Wegener

Assembly line – 1913Henry Ford

American; measured charge on an electron; "oil drop experiment"Milliken

Liquid fueled rocket – 1926Robert H. Goddard

Uncertainty principle in physics – 1927 Werner Heisenberg

Penicillin – 1928Fleming

Geiger Counter (radioactivity) – 1928Geiger

Frozen food – 1929Birdseye

Pluto – 1930Tombaugh

Neutron – 1932Chadwick

Citric acid cycle – 1937Krebs

Black hole concept – 1939Oppenheimer

First sustained and controlled release of nuclear energy – 1942 Fermi

Atomic Bomb – 1945oppenheimer

First supersonic flight – 1947Yeager

Berkelium (and other elements) – 1949Seaborg

DNA – 1953 Watson and Crick

1954/1962 - nobel chemistry/peace prizesLinus Pauling

Injected polio vaccine Salk

Oral polio vaccine (live) - 1957Sabin

discovered radiation belts above Earth – 1958James Van Allen

1st two men on the moon, 1969Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin

British math/physics genius; studies space, time'

and relativity; Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS)Stephen Hawking

6 categories of Nobel prizesphys, chem, med/physiology,

(since 1901)lit, peace, economics (added later)