Name:______
Church History
Into the Darkness 476-800
The Benedictine Order
St. Benedict (480-547) – Father of ______Monasticism
Wrote “______” a book of precepts for living the monastic life style.
The Rule can be summed up “Ora et labora” which means prayer and work.
1500 year old tradition.
St. Benedict’s main monastery - ______
Monks Saved the (Western) World
______become pockets of knowledge, culture, and prayer
3 Main Effects on Europe
1. ______and ______of rural society
- Boosted agriculture, acted as small towns for places not near cities.
2. Chief centers of ______and ______
-Preserved important items and texts
3. Civilizing the ______
Pope St. Gregory the Great “The Servant of the Servants of God”
540-604
Originally the prefect of Rome – civilian leader (mayor/police chief/treasurer)
Lived as a ______& established 6 monasteries
Served as Papal Ambassador to Constantinople under Pope Pelagius II
Elected as the 64th Pope in 590 à1st ______to become pope
Responsible for the ______of much of Europe à especially England
Motivated by having watched a young English boy being sold as a slave
Five Legacies of Pope Gregory the Great
- ______: used Church wealth to feed the poor and build churches and city walls
- Church Leader and Reformer: Standardized ______education, wrote guidelines for ______and standards for the moral life of ______
- ______: Sent negotiators and missionaries to barbarians
- ______: Organized and wrote Christian music à Gregorian Chant
- Establishment of Christendom à especially though the mission to Britain
Early Mission Activity in Europe
Monks were pivotal in the ______of pagan tribes.
Violence and cruelty common among the barbarian tribes.
Many lands and people converted when their ______converted.
Europe totally Catholic (nominally) by 1330.
Conversion of Franks
______: King of the Franks (late 400’s) converted after winning battle.
Married to St. ______
______Dynasty- Begins with Clovis.
Clovis unites ______(modern day France)
Spain
Spain is already Christian due to the missionary efforts of the Apostle ______and ______
Controlled by ______in late 6th c.
St. ______(Visogoth prince) marries a Merovingian princess and eventually converts. Civil war with his father, captured and then killed.
His brother converts to Catholicism and all of Spain soon follows.
Conversion of the Celts
St. ______
______(not Irish)born near the beginning of the 5th c.
Captured by pirates and became a ______, worked in NW Ireland.
Eventually he escaped and became a priest and Bishop of Ireland.
Preached and converted thousands in ______.
St. ______
Important saint who helped Irish Monasticism.
Converted the ______.
His spirituality and spreading of the faith led to the use of ______,______penance.
Conversion of England
St. ______
Sent to evangelize in Britain in 596.
Great example of obedience, upon hearing of the terrible violence of the ______Augustine turns around and heads back to Rome. Gregory the Great then urges them and insists there is nothing to fear.
Missionary efforts were not always ______. St. Augustine had to work very hard.
St. ______
Father of ______, known as “Venerable” Bede.
First one to use “______.” and “______”
Sets standard of ______scholasticism, leads to how history ought to be written.
Conversion of Germany
Shout out to St. ______
Apostle of ______
St. ______– Born Winfrid in England
Apostle of ______
Plagued by despair and discouraged by his suffering and the difficulty of evangelizing to the Germans
Felled the ______- Not just cutting down a tree but a symbol of false gods and paganism.
______by pagans
His work was pivotal in the expansion of Christianity within Germany. His establishment of monasteries, leadership, reform of the Church helped Catholicism take root and grow within the heart of Europe.
Conversion of the Slavs
St. ______– Apostle of the ______
Began as a Pagan Chieftain, multiple wives, many children worshipped idols and a fierce ruler
Wanted to use religion to solidify his rule. “Christianity was more edifying than Islam or Christianity”
Made a deal with Byzantine emperor Basil II à either “I attack or I marry your sister Anna”.
St. Vladimir was baptized then marred Anna.
______seemed to convert Vladimir. Reformed his ruling and focused on being a good follower of Christ.
Conversion of Scandinavia
St. ______(801-865) Apostle of the ______
Important figure within ______and ______.
Worked to undo the ______, example of the Church’s social progressiveness.
So what?
Evangelization is a necessary part of the Catholic faith. Jesus commands that we spread the word of God, “Go and make disciples of all nations.”
Christendom has now been established but a new religion begins and history shall unfold…
Rise of Islam
• Began in ______(Arabia) by ______in ______
• Based on revelations by an angel of the one true God ______
• Originally a reform of ______– calling the people to stricter monotheism
• Became very popular among tribal groups àeventually led to jealousies that forced Muhammad and his followers (Muslims) to leave Mecca on the ______in 622 (year 1 on the Muslim Calendar) for the city of ______
• ______: submission to God
• ______: religion and way of life of Muslims
Origins of Islam
• The “______” Muhammad preaches monotheism in Mecca.
• Forced to ______Mecca for his life. His teaching has caused problems with the Arabic elite.
• This flight is known as the ______or “______” in Arabic.
• Muhammad goes to ______and is hailed as a religious leader. Becomes political leader of Medina.
• (While in Medina Muhammad slaughters the Jewish population of men and sells the women and children into slavery).
• 630 A.D. Muhammad ______the city of Mecca. The ______was spared destruction.
Scripture
Bible
• Written by ______over time = ______
• ______recordings of same event(s). i.e. 4 Gospel accounts all telling the same story.
• ______– Holy Spirit works directly the free will of individuals to produce Christian scripture.
• ______(list of Biblical books) decided by ______of the Magisterium.
______
• Written by ______– Mohammed. Claimed that the ______dictated the exact words of the Koran.
• Koran means “______” in Arabic.
• Written in the form of ______, meant to be ______
Jewish-Christian-Muslim Relations
• Muslims consider Christians and Jews “______”
• Jews and Christians have the same God, but Muslims think we ______
• Many converted because of ______or ______
• Muslim empire spread rapidly: Reaches ______by 700’s
• Failed sieges on ______and ______
• defeated by ______@ ______, 732 – if Muslims had been victorious all of Europe would have been conquered
• In conquests: Jewish and Christian houses of worship were protected because God was worshipped there.
5 Pillars of Islam
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
Islamic Beliefs/Ideology
• ______– “struggle”
• ______Jihad- personal spiritual battle to follow religious duties
• ______Jihad – physical struggle against the enemies of Islam.
• House of ______/House of ______
• ______– no separation of religion and government, both are one in the same.
• Allah is the same God of the Jews.
• Borrows from Judaism and Christianity – claims those two Religions have “______” God’s will.
Spread of Islam
• Islam quickly spreads its empire after the death of Muhammad in _____.
• The spread of territory and religion go hand in hand. The Islamic faith seeks converts and ______.
• 638- ______falls
• 643 – ______falls
• 698 – All of North Africa is under Muslim rule.
• 711 – ______falls
• 732 – Muslim expansion into France is halted by Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours.
• Muslims also attempted to take over Constantinople twice in 717 and 740.
Why does is spread so quickly?!?!
• Muslims gave newly conquered civilians two options: ______or the ______. Many chose to ______.
• Islam appealed to the ______, ______and ______.
• It requires ______, ______, satisfies religious instincts without forbidding the baser pleasures of human life.
Miscellaneous
• Islam claims its origins in the OT with ______(Abraham’s son) but denies the Messianic theme of the OT.
• Recognizes Jesus as a ______but wholly denies the NT accounts of Jesus life.
• Rejects the ______of Jesus
• Mohammed picked and chose what he liked and did not like from Christianity and Judaism.
• Preaches tolerance and peace but also the annihilation of non-believers.
Battle of Tours 732 A.D.
Muslim conquest is quelled by ______(The Hammer)
Prevented from attacking all of ______.
Defining moment of ______– Christian failure at the Battle of Tours would have led to full Muslim invasion of Europe and a very different story of history.
Carolingian Dynasty
______Dynasty corrupted and incompetent has nominal power over the Franks.
______Dynasty (named for Charles Martel) maintains the actual power over the Franks.
Charles Martel à Pepin the Short à Charlemagne
______
• Short, built, physically strong stature (namesake), yet extremely smart and clever = ambitious leader.
• Asked Pope St. Zachary to name him King of the Franks because it was him who actually held the power.
• The Pope officially recognized Pepin as the King bringing in the ______Dynasty.
Franks and the Papacy
November 11, 751 ______is crowned King of the Franks by St. ______.
______has shown that it has the ______to appoint secular Kings.
Pepin becomes protector of the ______
Threatened by the ______(Italian barbarians) Rome (the Papcy) looks to the Franks for help.
Pepin defeats the Lombards, preventing them from attacking Rome.
Secures Ravenna and Perugia thus creating the ______.
The Papal states
______
The Papacy is now a ______leader as well as a spiritual leader.
++++++
Papacy gains ______from Byzantine influences.
Provided set boundaries to protect against Lombards and other belligerents.
- - - - -
- Graying of Spiritual and Political power of the Pope/Church.
- Temptation to abuse power can lead to the Church not always make the best decisions.
______–Charles the Great
______of Pepin the Short.
Reigned for almost half a century (769-814)
Extremely effective and good leader
Talented ______strategist
Very intelligent, knew Latin and Greek, memorized portions of “City of God”
Brought about many reforms in his Frankish Kingdom; political, religious, cultural.
Devoted ______, adored the Church, created dioceses, gave to the poor protected the papacy,
Charlemagne
July of 773 the Lombards (Barbarian tribe in Italy) threatened Rome. Charlemagne protects the papacy by defeating the Lombards.
Makes himself King of the Lombards thus ______the Germanic tribes under one ruler.
Pope Leo III is attacked due to charges of ______. Charlemagne comes to the rescue and helps the Pope regain his office.
______Mass in 800 Charlemagne is crowned by the Pope.
Reaffirms Charlemagne as ______but also gives him the imperial title of ______.
This effectively includes the Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire.