Integrated Physics and Chemistry
2nd Semester Review Sheet May 2011
Chapter 3: Forces and Motion
1. Define:
a) Force – Push or Pull
b) Friction – force that opposes the sliding motion between two touching surfaces.
2. How are mass and weight related? Mass doesn’t change, weigh is mass with gravity.
a) Mass is measured in ______grams_____ or _Kilograms__.
b) Weight is measured in ___newtons___- (unit)
3. What is the main factor that affects inertia? Mass, greater mass has greater inertia.
4. Explain the difference between a net force and a balanced force: Net force is all forces involved it maybe 0 or nonzero. Balanced force cancel each other out and don’t cause motion, the will equal to 0.
5. State Newton’s Three Laws of motion and state an example of each
a) 1st law: the law of inertia, objects at rest tend to stay at rest, objects in motion tend to stay in motion.
b) 2nd law: F=ma
c) 3rd law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
6. Name the force(s) involved in each situation:
a) Pulls objects down _Gravity______
b) Pushes up on objects falling through the air __air resistance_____
c) Resists motion between two surfaces _friction______
d) Newton’s 3rd law _for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction______
7. List equations for the following:
a) Newton’s 2nd law ___F=ma______
b) Momentum ____p=mv______
8. If a penny and a feather are dropped from the same height at the same time, in the absence of air, what will happen and why: because gravity is the same for all objects, there is no air resistance to hold the feather up.
9. State the law of conservation of momentum and give two examples:
Momentum is always conserved; momentum is the same before and after a collision or incident. Examples would be when you get out of a boat and the boat moves off in the opposite direction. Another example would be when a moving care hits a car at rest and the car stops while the car at rest is moved forward.
10. Ignoring air resistance, all objects accelerate at what rate? -9.81m/s²
11. Compare the size and direction of action-reaction forces(Newton’s 3rd law)
a) Size ___equal______
b) Direction ______opposite______
12. The gravitational force between two objects depends on what 2 things?
Mass and distance
Chapter 5: Work Energy and Power
1. Work = __force × distance______.
The ___force_____ and the ___distance___ must be in the same direction.
_Power__ is the rate at which work is done, and can be calculated using the equation ______Power = work/time______, and has units called ____watts______.
1. Define the two main forms of energy and what each depend on:
b) Kinetic, it depends on mass and speed
c) Potential, depends on position
2. List and give an example of the different types of energy:
a) Kinetic
b) Potential
c) Elastic potential
d) Chemical potential
e) Gravitational Potential
3. Define:
a) energy transfer: The conversion of one form of energyinto another, or the movement ofenergyfrom one place to another.
b) Law of Conservation of Energy: states that the total amount ofenergyremains constant in an isolated system. It implies thatenergycan neither be created nor destroyed, but can be change from one form to another
9. List the 3 types of fossil fuels:
a) Coal
b) Crude Oil
c) Natural Gas
10. Why do we need alternative energy sources?
a) Pollution
b) Non renewable energy sources will run out
d) Cheaper
11. What is the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource?
Renewable resources can be used more than once while nonrenewable resources can only be used once and will run out.
12. List and briefly describe 5 alternative energy sources.
a) . Solar
b) .Wind
c) .Water
d) .Biomass
e) .Geothermal
Chapters 6-9 Electricity
1. Resistance is measured in a unit called the __Ohms____
2. Explain Ohm’s law and write out the formula; Explain each of the components and their units
Current (amps)= volts/resistance (ohms) I = V/R
3. Definition of Static electricity and electric current: Static electricity is the accumulation of excess electrical charges on an object. Electric current is the flow of electric charge.
4. Draw an electroscope. Explain what happens when it has been charged When charged, the leaves separate
5.
Draw the different types of circuits and explain what happens to the rest of the light bulbs when one of them goes out
In the series circuit (A), when one bulb goes out, all of them go out. In the parallel circuit (B), only that one bulb goes out.
Chapter 10- Magnetism
1. Materials that are easy to magnetize but lose their magnetism easily are called
Temporary magnet.
2. How does a magnet to lose its magnetism? Loses magnetism by pounding or heating enough to cause the domains to become randomly aligned
3. The region in which a magnetic force can act is called a field
4. Opposite poles of a magnet ___attract___, while the similar poles __ repel__
5. Draw and label a bar magnet. Explain the flow of electrons and weakest/strongest points of the magnetic field
Chapter 11 – 13: Waves, sound, and music
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions:
1. A wave is _rhythmic disturbance that carries energy through matter and space
2. The amplitude of the wave is represented by the letter ____B____
3. The wavelength of the wave is represented by the letter ____C______
4. This is a diagram of the type of wave called _____transverse wave______
5. The trough of the wave is represented by the letter _____D______
6. The crest of the wave is represented by the letter _____A______
7. Any substance or region through which a wave is transmitted is called a __medium___
8. The number wave cycles per unit of time is ______frequency______
9. The unit used to measure frequency is _____Hz (hertz)______
10. The unit used to measure loudness is __dB (decibel)______
11. ___Pitch____ is determined by the frequency of a sound wave.
12. The amplitude of a sound wave determines __amount of energy___.
13. _Wavelength______is the distance from one crest to the next
14. The area in a compressional waves where the molecules are close is called the __compression______
15. __Amplitude______is how high or low the crests and troughs are.
16. The Greek letter lambda, _λ__, is the symbol for _wavelength___
Chapter 14: Light and color
1. Label the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum below and give a practical use for each:
------® Increasing frequency ------®
radio, TV/ Microwave / Infared / Visible light / Ultraviolet / X-ray / Gamma
2. Which wave has the highest frequency? ______Gamma______
3. Which wave has the shortest wavelength? ______Gamma______
4. What is the only part of the spectrum that we can see? ___visible light______
Identify the following using the ray diagram
5. Incident ray ______ray #1______
6. Reflected ray ______ray #2______
7. Incident angle ______angle B______
8. Reflected angle ______angle C______
9. What color is seen when all the colors of light are absorbed? _____black_____ reflected? ____white_____
10. List the three primary colors of light. ___red___ , __blue___ , ___green_____
11. List the three primary pigments of color. _magenta_ , _yellow_ , _cyan
12. When all colors are put together, __white______light is formed
13. When all pigments are put together, ____black_____ light is formed
14. Define the following words:
a) Reflection - when light strikes an object and bounces off
b) Refraction - when light is bent as it passes from one medium to another
Chapter 15: Optics
Draw the following systems and explain what happens to the light rays:
1. Concave mirror
2. Plane mirror
3. Convex mirror
4. Concave lens
5. Convex lens
6. When light bends, it is called ______refraction______
7. When light strikes a mirror, _____reflection______occurs
8. Refraction occurs because the speed of light _is different in different mediums_____
Chapter 26-28: Heat and cooling systems
1. How does thermal energy flow? Give 3 examples
When you bring two objects of different temperature together, energy will always be transferred from the hotter to the cooler object.Two objects of different temperature always interact. There are three different ways for heat to flow from one object to another. They are conduction, convection, and radiation.
2. Define Convection and give 3 examples
the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluids.
3. Define conduction and give 3 examples
the transfer of thermal energy by collision between the particles that make up matter. It occurs because particles that make up matter are in constant motion.
4. Define radiation and give 3 examples
the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as light and microwaves. These waves travel through space even when matter is not present
5. Define Energy the ability to do work
6. Define the Law of conservation of energy
a law of science that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another or transferred from one object to another
7. What is a Joule?
the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force
8. Define Heat - a form of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in any material. The higher the temperature of a material, the faster the atoms are moving, and hence the greater the amount of energy present as heat
9. Define Temperature -the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer
10. Define calories the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).
1. What mass will be accelerated at 10 m/s2 by a force of 3400 N?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsF = m*a / 340 / kg
2. What distance is a large crate pushed if an effort force of 40 Newtons is used and 596 Joules of work is done?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsW = F*d / 14.9 / m
3. If vi=12.8 m/s and vf=22 m/s, and t=11.7 secs, what is a?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsA= (vf - vi) / t / 0.786 / m/s2
4. What is the mass of a ball that has 362 J of kinetic energy and is traveling at 2.1 m/s?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsKE = 0.5 m v2 / 164 / kg
5. A car performs 30,000 Joules of work in 20 seconds. What is the car’s power?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsP = W / t / 1500 W / Watts
6. A 93 Kg football player running at a velocity if .82 m/s. How much momentum does he have?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsP = m * v / 76.26 / Kg*m / s
7. If a wave has a speed of 15 m/s and a wavelength of .75m, what is the frequency?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsV = f * λ / 20 Hz / Hertz
8. If the speed of a wave is 1500 m/s and its frequency is 300 Hz, what is its wavelength?
Formula / Givens / Plug-in / Answer / UnitsV = f * λ / 5 m / meters