World Bank Loan
Integrated Forestry Development Project
Integrated Pest Management Plan
World Bank Loan Project Management Center,
State Forestry Administration
May 2009
Preface
This plan is formulated in accordance with the “Regulation on Forest Pest and Disease Management” promulgated by the State Council on December 18th, 1989, and the requirement of the World Bank operational policy of Integrated Pest Management (OP 4.09). The pests mentioned in the plan refer to all insects, mites, nematodes and diseases harmful to forest plants. The purpose of the plan is to strengthen monitoring, forecasts and prevention of forest pest/disease in the Integrated Forestry Development Project (refer to IFDP hereafter).
IFDP is designed to further develop forest resources, improve forest ecosystem structure and quality of forest, give full play to forest multiple functions and benefits, secure ecological safety of the national territory, improve on a gradual basis the natural ecological environment conditions, as well as the production and living conditions of the local people. The project activities consist of new plantation establishment, existing plantation improvement and institutional capacity building etc. The issue of forest pest/disease control and management is relevant to all the above aspects. “Integrated Pest Management Plan” is formulated in accordance with the “Regulations of Forest Pest and Disease Management” promulgated by the State Council and the World Bank’s Operational Policy on “integrated pest/disease management”. The management policies of this Plan are “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and health promotion”, and based on this, prevention and control methods of the main forest pests/disease which might potentially be encountered under the project are proposed. The plan strives to promote and popularize the use of biological and environmental friendly methods to control forest pest/diseases, reduce the dependence on the pesticides, so as to reduce to the minimum the environmental pollution caused by pesticides, while pests/diseases are under effective control.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Forest Pest Management in China 3
1.1 Existing legislations and regulations on pests/disease management 3
1.2 Existing Plant protection policies in China 3
1.3 Capacity building of forest pest/disease control in the project provinces 4
1.3.1 Organizations 4
1.3.2 Organization set up for pests/disease control 5
Chapter 2 Present Status of Forest Pests/Disease Occurrence and Control in the Project Provinces 6
2.1 Present status of forest pests/diseases occurrence 6
2.2 Present status of pests/diseases control 7
Chapter 3 Forest pests/diseases monitoring and forecasting 9
3.1 Monitoring survey 9
3.1.1 Sample plot survey 9
3.1.2 Walk-over survey 9
3.1.3 Systematic survey 9
3.2 Forecasting 10
Chapter 4 Implementation of Integrated Pests/diseases Management 11
4.1 Principles of integrated pests/diseases management (IPM) 11
4.2 Measures of integrated forest pests/diseases management 11
4.2.1 Plant quarantine 12
4.2.2 Integrated management measures 12
Chapter 5 Training 38
5.1 Training methods 38
5.2 Training contents 38
5.3 Training plan and budget 39
Chapter 6 Organization and Management 40
6.1 Organizations and responsibilities 40
6.2 Monitoring and management 40
Chapter 1 Forest Pest Management in China
1.1 Existing legislations and regulations on pests/disease management
The main legislations and regulations concerning forest pest/disease management in China are summarized below.
· To strengthen pest/disease control and quarantine, the government of China has promulgated the “Forest Law”, “Regulation on Forestry Pest Control”, “Technological Rules for Forest Quarantine”, “Management Measures for Target Forest Pest Control”, “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticides” and “Regulation on Pesticide Management”.
· Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been promoted by the implementation of the “Standard on Safe Use of Pesticides” and “Regulation on Pesticide Management”.
1.2 Existing Plant protection policies in China
The Chinese government attaches great importance to pest/disease control in forestry. It lays stress on the policy of “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and health promotion ". In the future, control method, majored on biological control, will be extended on a gradual basis. .
The objectives of the government policies are to control the occurrence of damage caused by pests/disease at a low level, enhance forest quality and promote sustainable utilization of forest resources. In other words, the government policies aim at protecting forest resources and the ecological environment. Highly efficient hazardless and low toxic pesticides could be used in case when pests/diseases is severe, and if the use of pesticides is inevitable, as no other control methods are effective.
Forest pests/disease control is based on the principle of "Whoever manages the forest bears the responsibility for prevention and control". The owners of the forests take the responsibility of pests/diseases management of the commercial forest and economic tree crops. At the time of controlling pests/disease, forest pests/disease control organizations play the roles of monitoring and technical guidance. The local governments have the responsibility for pest management on ecological public welfare forests. The detailed implementation is organized by the local forest pests/diseases control and quarantine stations. The compensation policy is adopted by the state for significant incidences of pests/diseases, and the operational cost of the nationally designated forest pest monitoring and forecasting sites is subsidized as well.
The Chinese government attaches great importance to food safety. This is stated explicitly in the “Regulation on Pesticide Management” (issued by the Chinese Government) and the “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticide” (issued by China’s Ministry of Agriculture):
· pesticides which are applicable for pests/disease control;
· pesticides with high efficiency low toxic and low residue are recommended when pesticides is the only effective control mean;
· agricultural products with pesticide residues over the set standards are not allowed to access into the market;
· safe application methods for pesticides
The Regulation of Pesticide Management encourages the use of pesticides which are highly effective, low toxic and with low residue (HLL), and defines the standards for pesticides marketing. Use of some pesticides, such as Parathion, Phorate and Monocrotophos is forbidden by the “Standards for Safe Use of Pesticide” and the” Regulation on Pesticide Management”.
1.3 Capacity building of forest pest/disease control in the project provinces
1.3.1 Organizations
The Department of Afforestation of the State Forestry Administration (SFA) is responsible for organization, management, guidance and monitoring of forest pest/disease management in the country. The General Station of Forest Pest Prevention and Control assists the Department of Afforestation to conduct relevant management and is responsible for technical extension.
All forestry bureaus of the project provinces, prefectures, municipalities and counties have their own Forest Pest/Disease Control Stations, which are responsible for organization, management, guidance and monitoring of forest pest prevention and control within their respective jurisdictions.
1.3.2 Organization set up for pests/disease control
All the five project provinces of IFDP have established forest pest/disease control and quarantine stations at three levels of the provinces, prefectures and counties, which are responsible for local forest pest/disease control and management.
At present, sound forest pest/disease early warning systems have been developed in the project provinces. Table 1 shows the details of the nationally designated field monitoring sites. Meanwhile, each national level monitoring/forecasting site has set up monitoring sites with varying numbers, and sufficient technicians are assigned for integrated pests/disease management, so as to ensure real time dynamic monitoring of the occurrence and development of pests/diseases
Table 1 National Forest Pest Monitoring and forecasting Sites
Province / NumberLiaoning / 44
Hebei / 37
Shanxi / 34
Anhui / 37
Zhejiang / 37
Chapter 2 Present Status of Forest Pests/Disease Occurrence and Control in the Project Provinces
2.1 Present status of forest pests/diseases occurrence
The project will be implemented in the provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui and Zhejiang, which are located respectively in the northern or eastern China. In recent years, forest pest incidence and the extent of damage has been severe in the five provinces, caused by global warming and frequent natural disasters. The forest pests/diseases occurred in the five provinces cover multiple major pests/disease of the tree species selected for afforestation under the project. Therefore the project is pressed by forest pests/disease control, which is foreseen to be difficult. The major occurrences of forest pests/diseases in the five provinces in recent years are listed in Table 2.
Table 2 Occurrence of major forest pests/disease in the project provinces
Province / Major forest pests/diseasesZhejiang / Pine wood nematodes(Bursaphelenchus xylophilis),
Japanese pine sawyer(Monochamus alternatus Hope),
Pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus(Walker)),
Bamboo stink bug (Hippotiscus dorsalis),
Bamboo shoot weevil (Otidognathus davidis),
Pine bark scale (Matsucoccus matsumurae)
some bark beetles etc
Anhui / Pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilis) ,
Pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus(Walker),
Dendrolimus kikuchii Matsumura,
Longhorn beetles and defoliators of poplar trees
Shanxi / Red turpentine beetle: Dendroctonus valens,
Termites,
Longhorn beetles of poplar,
defoliators of Chinese jujube,
and rodent
Hebei / Chinese pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu),
the fall webworm (hyphantria cunea),
Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens),
Broad leaf defoliators (Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius),
Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff、
The Lackey moth (Malacosoma Neustria),
Longhorn beetles and diseases of poplar
Liaoning / the fall webworm (hyphantria cunea),
Pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis, D. tabulaeformis, D. Superans)
Wood borer (Mallambyx raddei Blessig),
Poplar and willow borer (Cryptorhynchus lapathi),
and diseases of poplar
2.2 Present status of pests/diseases control
Good progress has been made on pests/diseases control, which is shown in the following five aspects:
1. Intensifying in an overall monitoring and forecasting. This includes increasing an overall coverage of monitoring and forecasts for pest and diseases; discovering the disasters in a timely manner; circulating forecasts and control announcement; and requiring the concerned people to assume their responsibility in pests/disease control by bringing into full play the radiation role of the national monitoring and forecasting centers of the forest hazard creatures, and making full use of the four level monitoring and forecasting network of the state, province, municipality and county, and the working stations of the towns and townships as well.
2. Striving for controlling hazard creatures which cause severe damages to forest resources, receive high attention of the society and have major international impact, such as pine wood nematodes, fall webworm, forest mouse (rabbits), bark beetles etc. According to the “Forest Pest and Diseases Control Regulation”, the integrated control method of silvicultural, biology, physics and chemistry help reduce losses and the occurrence area, resulting in a sustainable control of forest hazard creatures.
3. Strictly exercise quarantine law enforcement. Following seriously the“Plant Quarantine Regulation”to strengthen inspection and quarantine work, and striving for preventing hazard creatures after quarantine from spreading. The risk assessments of the external hazards creatures should be carried out in a scientific way, plant introduction review and quarantine monitoring should be strictly carried out. Quarantine should be conducted at both the production sites and during transportation, so as to strictly prevent contamination by the external hazard creatures.
4. Strengthen the establishment of the emergency response system for handling accidents caused by hazard creatures. According to the requirements of“Handling Methods for Emergent Forest Hazards” and “Emergency Preplan for major external forest hazards”, the emergency preparation and preplans should be arranged organizationally, technically, financially and materially, and infrastructure construction and material reserve to tackle the emergent accidents should be enhanced.
5. Improving constantly the science and technology level. Efforts should be made to learn advanced control technologies both at home and abroad. International cooperation and coordination of multi sectors should be enhanced, for purpose of improving the applied technology and extending as soon as possible the advanced, environment friendly and practical technologies.
Chapter 3 Forest pests/diseases monitoring and forecasting
Monitoring and forecasting is a technical mean to monitor the occurrence of the forest pests/diseases, predict the occurrence dynamics and the spreading trends, hence is the precondition and guarantee for forest pest/disease control in a scientific way. The monitoring and forecasts of pests/diseases should adhere to the principle of applying integrating monitoring by the public and the professional communities.
3.1 Monitoring survey
Monitoring survey can be divided into the following types, based on dynamics of the occurrence of pests/diseases within the monitored forest plantations:
3.1.1 Sample plot survey
The sample plots are defined among the forest plantations or at the marginals of the forest plantations, for purpose of observing, on a regular basis, the pests/disease population dynamics and their development.
In the case of sample plot survey, the pests could be trapped by making use of the pest tropism and the different types of traps and lures, based on the pests movement trends, such as light traps, pheromone traps and even host volatiles lures etc. for purpose of calculating the catch numbers, and better understanding the occurrence dynamics. Alternatively, the pests/diseases occurrence dynamics could be monitored through surveys to the standard plot and plants.
3.1.2 Walk-over survey
The surveyors could observe the pests population movement along the selected routes by walking through the forest plantations under monitoring, based on the survey targets and purposes. The selected routes should be able to go through the plantations representing the local major forest types and with potential hazard creatures. Mechanical sampling is adopted to select certain amount of sample plants once the survey targets are discovered in the monitored plantations.
3.1.3 Systematic survey
Survey is carried out to further identify the impact of the relevant factors affecting pests/disease population density on pests/disease population and pests/disease occurrence rules. The purpose of such survey is to monitor and forecast the survival rate (or casualty rates), propagation coefficiency, and the relations of pathogenic microorganism quantity with the damage extent of the targeted pest populations at different growing periods under various conditions such as varying forest/ forest stand, site conditions, weather conditions and influential by natural enemies. Forecasting centers at the national level are responsible for such survey.
While conducting such survey, survey tools are selected, based on such survey methods including the lure lanterns, trappers and others.
3.2 Forecasting
The forest pests/diseases control stations at the country level and above are required to timely distribute the reports on pest/disease occurrence dynamic and trend, based on the occurrence of local pests/diseases and their biological and ecological characteristics, as well as the rules of their occurrence. Forecasts contents should include the predicted occurrence periods, population, scope and potential damages. The report should be circularized to the government administrative departments, forestry departments at a higher level, forest pests/disease control agencies, as well as forest owners and managers.