INSERT THE FOLLOWING TEXT IN THE METHODS SECTION OF YOUR TERM PROJECT PAPER (Summer 2017)
Methods
One hundred and thirty fourMale and two hundred and eighteen Femaleundergraduate University students aged 19 to 30 years of age, were recruited for this study. The ethics committee of Simon Fraser University approved the protocol for this study.In accordance with those ethics requirements all participants were required to give their informed consent. Based upon measurement date and reported date of birth, age was calculated in decimal years.
All participants were triple measured for height, weight, triceps, forearm, front thigh and medial calf skinfolds and relaxed upper arm, maximum forearm, thigh and maximum calf girths. All anthropometric measurements were performed in accordance with procedures reported by Ross and Marfell-Jones (1). The Median of the three measures was used as the criterion measure for later analysis. Skinfold-adjusted girths (cm) were calculated using the following equations:
Skinfold-adjusted arm girth = relaxed arm girth - [3.14 x (triceps skinfold / 10)]
Skinfold-adjusted chest girth = chest girth - [3.14 x (subscapular skinfold / 10)]
Skinfold-adjusted thigh girth = thigh girth - [3.14 x (front thigh skinfold / 10)]
Skinfold-adjusted calf girth = calf girth - [3.14 x (medial calf skinfold / 10)]
Grip strength of the right hand was tested three times using the JAMAR Hand Grip Dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A).
Grip Strength:The handle of the dynamometer was adjusted so that the second joint of the fingers fit on top of the handle. The needle indicator was set at zero. While standing, the dynamometer was held comfortably in the selected hand and positioned at the side of the body about 6-12 inches away from the thigh with the arm straight. Theparticipantwas encouraged to expire during effort to reduce the build-up of intrathoracic pressure. The subject vigorously squeezed the dynamometer. The hand and the dynamometer did not touch the body, or any object, while the test is being administered. If they did, the score was not read, and a retest was given.A 30 second rest was allowed between attempts.The maximum of the three trials was used as the criterion measure for later analysis.
Participants also completed two trials each of knee and Hip Extension and Upright Rowing strength tests using the Jackson Strength Evaluation System (Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A). The maximum of the two trials was used as the criterion measure for later analysis.
Knee and Hip Extension:Stand on the platform with feet flat on the surface either side of the pulley, shoulder width apart.Bend knees to an angle of approximately 120 degrees.Set bar chain length such that your arms are fully extended when gripping the bar with back and neck straight. The participant’s eyes should be looking straight ahead or slightly upwards.Record the maximum pull during hip and knee extension. Lift with the thigh and gluteal muscles, not with the low back muscles.
Upright Rowing: Stand on platform with feet flat on surface either side of the pulley.Keep knees locked in full extension during test.Set bar chain length such that your arms are flexed at 90 degrees at the elbow joint when you are gripping the bar with palms facing you and your hands approximately 10 cm apart. Your back should be straight, and eyes looking forwards. Your shoulder girdle should be in a relaxed (depressed) position, not a partially elevated position, when you start lifting.Record maximum pull as the participant performs shoulder girdle elevation.
Statistical Methods
You write this part based upon the analysis carried out in Lab 4.
Reference (You will need to reformat this reference to fit the format required for your paper)
- Ross, W.D. and Marfell-Jones, M.J. Kinanthropometry. In: MacDougall, J.D.(Ed.), Physiological Testing of the High-Performance Athlete. 2nd Edition. Canadian Association of Sports Sciences, Sports Medicine Council of Canada. 1991.