Included Studies: 1-76

Included studies:[1-76]

1.5 TUGSGN (1993) Gabapentin as add-on therapy in refractory partial epilepsy:A double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group study. NEUROLOGY 43:2292-2298

2.A. Beydoun BMU, A.R. Kugler, M.J. Greiner, MPH et al. (2005) Safety and efficacy of two pregabalin regimens for add-on treatment of partial epilepsy. NEUROLOGY 64

3.Basim M. Uthman AJR, Peter A. Ahmann, Ilo E. Leppik,et al. (1998) Tiagabine for Complex Partial Seizures A Randomized, Add-on, Dose-Response Trial. Arch Neurol 55:56-62

4.Baulac M, Leon T, O’Brien TJ, Whalen E, Barrett J (2010) A comparison of pregabalin, lamotrigine, and placebo as adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. Epilepsy Research 91:10-19

5.Ben-Menachem E, Biton V, Jatuzis D, Abou-Khalil B, Doty P, Rudd GD (2007) Efficacy and safety of oral lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 48:1308-1317

6.Ben-Menachem E, Gabbai AA, Hufnagel A, et al. (2010) Eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive therapy in adult patients with partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 89:278-285

7.Brodie MJ (2004) Zonisamide clinical trials: European experience. Seizure 13 Suppl 1:S66-70; discussion S71-62

8.Brodie MJ, Rosenfeld WE, Vazquez B, et al. (2009) Rufinamide for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults and adolescents: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 50:1899-1909

9.Bruni J, Guberman A, Vachon L, Desforges C (2000) Vigabatrin as add-on therapy for adult complex partial seizures: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study. The Canadian Vigabatrin Study Group. Seizure 9:224-232

10.Christian E. Elger MJB, Henning Anhut, Caroline M. Lee, and Jeannette A. Barrett (2005) Pregabalin Add-on Treatment in Patients with Partial Seizures: ANovelEvaluation of Flexible-dose and Fixed-dose Treatment in a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Epilepsia 46:1926-1936

11.Chung S, Sperling MR, Biton V, et al.(2010) Lacosamide as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia 51:958-967

12.Chung SS, Fakhoury TA, Hogan RE, et al.(2014) Once-daily USL255 as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures: randomized phase III study. Epilepsia 55:1077-1087

13.D. Schmidt RJ, P. Loiseau, E. Deisenhammer, et al.(1993) Zonisamide for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy" a European double-blind trial. Epilepsy Research 15:67-73

14.D.K. Naritoku CRWJAM, R. Borgohain,S. Evers, et al. (2007) Lamotrigine extended-release as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures. Neurology 69:1610-1618

15.Dean C, Mosier M, Penry K (1999) Dose-Response Study of Vigabatrin as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Uncontrolled Complex Partial Seizures. Epilepsia 40:74-82

16.Der-Jen Yen H-YY, Yuh-Cherng Guo, Chien Chen, et al.(2000) A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Topiramate in Adult Patients with Refractory Partial Epilepsy. Epilepsia 41:1162-1166

17.Duchowny M, Pellock JM, Graf WD, et al. (1999) A placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine add-on therapy for partial seizures in children. Neurology 53:1724-1731

18.E. Faught BJW, R.E. Ramsay, R.A. Reife, et al.(1996) Topiramate placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using ZOO-, 400-, and 600=mg daily dosages. NEUROLOGY 46:1684-1690

19.E. Faught GLH, W.E. Rosenfeld,G. Novak,W. Neto,et al. (2008) Randomized, controlled, dose-ranging trial of carisbamate for partial-onset seizures. Neurology 71:1586-1593

20.E. Faught RA, G.G. Montouris, I.E. Leppik, and the Zonisamide 922 Trial Group (2001) Randomized controlled trial of zonisamide for the treatment of refractory partial-onset seizures. NEUROLOGY 2001:1774-1779

21.Elger C, Halasz P, Maia J, Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P, Group BIAIS (2009) Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III study. Epilepsia 50:454-463

22.Elinor Ben-Menachem OH, Mogens Dam, Marianne Mikkelsen, et al. (1996) Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Topiramate as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures. Epilepsia 37:539-543

23.French J, Brandt C, Friedman D,et al. (2014) Adjunctive use of controlled-release pregabalin in adults with treatment-resistant partial seizures: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 55:1220-1228

24.French JA, Baroldi P, Brittain ST, Johnson JK (2014) Efficacy and safety of extended-release oxcarbazepine (Oxtellar XR) as adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Neurol Scand 129:143-153

25.French JA, Krauss GL, Steinhoff BJ, et al.(2013) Evaluation of adjunctive perampanel in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures: results of randomized global phase III study 305. Epilepsia 54:117-125

26.Gabor Barcs EBW, Christian E. Elger, Alejandro Scaramelli Hermann Stefan,et al. (2000) Oxcarbazepine Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Trial in Refractory Partial Epilepsy. Epilepsia 41:1597-1607

27.Gil-Nagel A, Lopes-Lima J, Almeida L, Maia J, Soares-da-Silva P, Group BIAIS (2009) Efficacy and safety of 800 and 1200 mg eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures. Acta Neurol Scand 120:281-287

28.Group EB-MafFftELS (2000) Efficacy and Tolerability of Levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures: A Multicenter,Double-Blind, Responder-Selected Study Evaluating Monotherapy. Epilepsia 41:1276-1283

29.Group KTS (1999) Topiramate in Medically Intractable Partial Epilepsies: Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized ParallelGroup Trial. Epilepsia 40:1167-1774

30.group UGs (1990) Gabapentin in partial epilepsy. Lancet (London, England) 335:1114-1117

31.Guerrini R, Rosati A, Segieth J, Pellacani S, Bradshaw K, Giorgi L (2013) A randomized phase III trial of adjunctive zonisamide in pediatric patients with partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 54:1473-1480

32.H. Anhut PA, T. J. Feuerstein, W. Sauermann, M. Saunders, B. Schmidt, and The International Gabapentin Study Group (1994) Gabapentin (Neurontin) as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Partial Seizures: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Epilepsia 35:795-801

33.Halasz P, Kalviainen R, Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska M, Rosenow F, Doty P, Hebert D, Sullivan T, Group SPS (2009) Adjunctive lacosamide for partial-onset seizures: Efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia 50:443-453

34.Halford JJ, Ben-Menachem E, Kwan P, et al. (2011) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive carisbamate treatment in patients with partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 52:816-825

35.Inoue Y, Yagi K, Ikeda A, Sasagawa M, Ishida S, Suzuki A, Yoshida K, Japan Levetiracetam NSG (2015) Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam as adjunctive therapy in Japanese patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 69:640-648

36.J. Boas' MD, M. 1. his3,0. Kristensen', B. Pedersen',J. Gallaghe (1996) Controlled trial of lamotrigine (Lamictal@) for treatment-resistant partial seizures. Aria Neurol Scand 94:247-252

37.J. Chris Sackellares RER, B. JosephWilder, Thomas R. Browne III, and, Shellenberger MK (2004) Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Zonisamide as Adjunctive Treatment for Refractory Partial Seizures. Epilepsia 45:610-617

38.J. Messenheimer RER, TL. J. Willmore, R. F. Leroy, 5. J. Zielinski,et al. (1994) Lamotrigine Therapy for Partial Seizures: A Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial. Epilepsia 33:113-121

39.J.A. French ARK, J.L. Robbins, L.E. Knapp, PharmD and E.A. Garofalo, (2003) Dose-response trial of pregabalin adjunctive therapy in patientswith partial seizures. NEUROLOGY 60

40.J.A. French BWA-K, R.F. Leroy,E.M.T. Yacubian,P. Shin, S. Hall, H. Mansbach,V. Nohria,MD On behalf of the RESTORE 1/Study 301 Investigators (2011) Randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial of ezogabine (retigabine) in partial epilepsy. Neurology 76:1555-1563

41.J.A. French MM, S. Walker; K. Sommerville, N. Sussman, and the Vigabatrin, Cohort PI (1996) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Vigabatrin three glday in patients withuncontrolled complex partial seizures. NEUROLOGY 46:54-61

42.J.J. Cereghino VB, B. Abou-Khalil, F. Dreifuss, L.J. Gauer; I. Leppik, and the United States Levetiracetam Study Group (2000) Levetiracetam for partial seizures Results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. NEUROLOGY 55:236-242

43.Jacqueline A. French GLK, Victor Biton,David Squillacote,et al. (2012) Adjunctive perampanel for refractory partial-onset seizures Randomized phase III study 304. Neurology 79:589-596

44.Jing-Jane Tsai D-JY, Mo-Song Hsih,Shung-Sheng Chen, et al.(2006) Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam (up to 2000 mg/day) in Taiwanese Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures: AMulticenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. Epilepsia 47:72-81

45.Klein P, Schiemann J, Sperling MR, et al.(2015) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam in adult patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 56:1890-1898

46.Krauss GL, Serratosa JM, Villanueva V, et al. (2012) Randomized phase III study 306 :Adjunctive perampanel for refractory partial-onset seizures. Neurology 78:1408-1415

47.L Zhang JH, J-H Zhuang, L-Q Huang and Z-X Zhao (2011) Topiramate as an Adjunctive Treatment for Refractory Partial Epilepsy in the Elderly. The Journal of international medical research 39:408-415

48.Lagae L, Villanueva V, Meador KJ, et al.(2016) Adjunctive perampanel in adolescents with inadequately controlled partial-onset seizures: A randomized study evaluating behavior, efficacy, and safety. Epilepsia 57:1120-1129

49.Lee BI, Yi S, Hong SB, et al.(2009) Pregabalin add-on therapy using a flexible, optimized dose schedule in refractory partial epilepsies: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Epilepsia 50:464-474

50.Levisohn PM, Mintz M, Hunter SJ, Yang H, Jones J, Group NLS (2009) Neurocognitive effects of adjunctive levetiracetam in children with partial-onset seizures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority trial. Epilepsia 50:2377-2389

51.Lim KS, Lotay N, White R, Kwan P (2016) Efficacy and safety of retigabine/ezogabine as adjunctive therapy in adult Asian patients with drug-resistant partial-onset seizures: A randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III study. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 61:224-230

52.M. Privitera RF, J. Penry, R. Reife, et al.(1996) Topiramate placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using 600-, 800-, and 1,000-mg daily dosages. NEUROLOGY 1996;46:1678-1683 46:1678-1683

53.M. Sharief CV, E. Ben-Menachem , M. Weber , et al.(1996) Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topiramate in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Research 25:217-224

54.M.J. Brodie HL, A. Gil-Nagel,C. Elger,S. Hall, P. Shin, V. Nohria,H. Mansbach,MD On behalf of the RESTORE 2 Study (2010) Efficacy and safety of adjunctive ezogabine (retigabine) in refractory partial epilepsy. Neurology 75:1817-1824

55.Martin J. Brodie JPM, 012 study group (1999) Double-blind substitution of vigabatrin and valproate in carbamazepine-resistant partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Research 34:199-205

56.Martin J. Brodie RD, Herve Vespignani, Andras Solyom,Valeriy Bitenskyy, and Cherry Lucas (2005) dose-dependent Safety and Efficacy of Zonisamide:A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures. Epilepsia 46:31-41

57.Martin Lindberger MA, Lars Frisen, vein I. Johannessen, Sirh Larsson,Kristina Malmgren, and Torbjorn Tomson on behalf of the GREAT Study Investigators Group (2000) Gabapentin Versus Vigabatrin as First Add-on for Patients with Partial Seizures That Failed to Respond to Monotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose Titration Study. Epilepsia 41:1289-1295

58.P. Boon PC, B. Pohlmann-Eden (2002) Dose–response effect of levetiracetam 1000 and 2000mg/day in partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Research 48:77-89

59.Peltola J, Coetzee C, Jimenez F, Litovchenko T, Ramaratnam S, Zaslavaskiy L, Lu ZS, Sykes DM (2009) Once-daily extended-release levetiracetam as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 50:406-414

60.R.D. Elterman TAG, E. Wyllie, R. Reife, S.-C. Wu, G. Pledger, , Group atTYS (1999) A double-blind, randomized trial of topiramate as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in children. NEUROLOGY 52:1338-1344

61.R.G. BERAN SFB, N. BUCHANAN-F, G. DANTAS, R. MACKENZIEI, G. SCHAPELP,, VAJDA GSF (1996) A double blind placebo controlled crossover study of vigabatrin 2 g day and 3 g day in uncontrolled partial seizures Seizure 5:259-265

62.R.J. Porter AP, R. Sachdeo, V. Nohria; and W.M. Alves, on behalf of the 205 Study Group* (2007) Randomized, multicenter, dose-ranging trial of retigabine for partial-onset seizures. NEUROLOGY 68:1197-1204

63.Reetta Ka¨lviaDavid Edwards¨inen MJB, Karsten Lyby , John Duncan, David Chadwick, for the Northern European Tiagabine Study Group (1998) A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tiagabine given three-times daily as add-on therapy for refractorypartial seizures. Epilepsy Research 30

64.Richard Appleton KF, Linda LaMoreaux, Jeannine Alexander, Gwyneth Halsall,, Guta Murray EG, and the Gabapentin Paediatric Study Group (1999) Gabapentin as Add-on Therapy in Children with Refractory Partial Seizures: A 12-Week, Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Epilepsia 40:1147-1154

65.Ryvlin P, Werhahn KJ, Blaszczyk B, Johnson ME, Lu S (2014) Adjunctive brivaracetam in adults with uncontrolled focal epilepsy: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 55:47-56

66.Sachdeo RC, Leroy RF, Krauss GL, Drake ME, Green PM, Leppik IE, Shu VS, Ringham GL, Sommerville KW (1997) Tiagabine Therapy for Complex Partial Seizures : A Dose-Frequency Study. Archives of neurology 54:595-601

67.Santiago Arroyo HA, Alan R. Kugler,Caroline M. Lee,Lloyd E. Knapp,, Elizabeth A. Garofalo SM, and the Pregabalin 1008-011 International Study Group (2004) Pregabalin Add-on Treatment: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose–Response Study in Adultswith Partial Seizures. Epilepsia 45:20-27

68.Simon D. Shorvon AL, Dieter Janz, Edith Bielen, and Pierre Loiseau for the, Group ELS (2000) Multicenter Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Levetiracetam as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures. Epikpia 41:1179-1186

69.Sperling MR, Abou-Khalil B, Harvey J, Rogin JB, Biraben A, Galimberti CA, Kowacs PA, Hong SB, Cheng H, Blum D, Nunes T, Soares-da-Silva P, Study T (2015) Eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures: Results of a phase III, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 56:244-253

70.T.A. Glauser MN, R. Sachdeo, L.A. Pasteris, MD; S. Weinstein,B. Abou-Khalil, L.M. Frank, A. Grinspan,T. Guarino, D. Bettis,J. Kerrigan, G. Geoffroy, D. Mandelbaum, T. Jacobs, MSPH; P. Mesenbrink, L. Kramer, J. D’Souza, and the Oxcarbazepine Pediatric Study Group (2000) Adjunctive therapy with oxcarbazepine in children with partial seizures. NEUROLOGY 54:2237-2244

71.T.A. Glauser RA, R.D. Elterman,W.G. Mitchell, C.B. Van Orman, L.J. Gauer, and Z. Lu,on behalf of the N159 Study Group (2006) Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive levetiracetam in pediatric partial seizures. NEUROLOGY 66:1654-1660

72.Wu XY, Hong Z, Wu X, Wu LW, Wang XF, Zhou D, Zhao ZX, Lv CZ (2009) Multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in Chinese patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 50:398-405

73.Xiao Z, Li JM, Wang XF, Xiao F, Xi ZQ, Lv Y, Sun HB (2009) Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (3,000 mg/Day) as an adjunctive therapy in Chinese patients with refractory partial seizures. European neurology DOI: 10.1159/000197109

74.Yamauchi T, Kaneko S, Yagi K, Sase S (2006) Treatment of partial seizures with gabapentin: double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 60:507-515

75.Zaccara G, Almas M, Pitman V, Knapp L, Posner H (2014) Efficacy and safety of pregabalin versus levetiracetam as adjunctive therapy in patients with partial seizures: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Epilepsia 55:1048-1057

76.Zhou B, Zhang Q, Tian L, Xiao J, Stefan H, Zhou D (2008) Effects of levetiracetam as an add-on therapy on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with refractory partial seizures. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 12:305-310