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Impact of modern Technology changes in Networks among the people with special reference to “3G Technology”
ABSTRACT
The emerging technologies in the field of telecommunications enable access to high speed data services through mobile handsets and portable modems over the mobile networks. The recent statistics also shows the use of mobile broad band services are increasing and gaining popularity. In this project, we have investigated the impact of modern technology changes in networks among the people with reference to 3G technology. The existing technology like broadband, GPRS, Wi-Fi technology is compared with the 3G technology.
(SAMUEL VIJAY DEVENESON)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I whole heartedly express my sincere thanks to my Project-in-Charge and Coordinatorofstudy center Prof. A. SHAMEEM, Head of the Department Of Management Studies for constant encouragement and keen interest towards my project.
I am extremely thankful to my project guide Ms.D.PADMALOSANI, Senior Lecturer, Indira Institute of Engineering and Technology who provided me her expertise and guidance in completing my project successfully.
I extend my gratitude to Ms.P.K.DHANALAKSHMI, Lecturer, Department Of Management Studies for her suggestions and constant encouragement.
Finally, I thank all the teaching and non teaching Staff members of the Department of Management Studies for their co-operation in completing my project successfully.
(SAMUEL VIJAY DEVENESON)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
1.1.1 .Telecom Industry
1.1.2 Major Players
1.1.3 What is 3G?
1.1.4 Evolution of 3G Technology:
1.1.5 The 3G Policy In Brief:
1.1.6 Impact Of The 3G Technology:
1.1.7 The effects of 3G on society
1.1.8 Company Profile
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM
1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY
1.4 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.2 RESEARCH GAP
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Type of Project: Survey type
3.2 Target respondents
3.3 Assumptions, Constraints
3.4 Proposed Sampling Methods
3.4.1 Sampling Technique
3.4.2 Sampling Procedure Actually Employed:
3.5 DATA PROCESSING
3.6 TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 4
Data Analysis AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 DATA INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
5.1 Summaries of Findings:
5.2 Suggestions
5.3 Conclusion
APPENDIX
A1 QUESTIONAIRE
REFERENCES
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 :- AGE
Table 4.2 :- GENDER
Table 4.3:-EDUCATION
Table 4.4:- OCCUPATION
Table 4.5:- Are you using 3G technology
Table 4.6:- How long you use 3G technology
Table 4.7:- How do you know about 3G technology
Table 4.8:- Have you used the GPRS technology earlier
Table 4.9:- Do you use 3G technology for
Table 4.10:- Where did you use the 3G technology most
Table 4.11:- What is the time you use the 3G technology most
Table 4.12:- Have you used the GPRS earlier
Table 4.13:- Reason for switch over from GPRS to 3G
Table 4.14:- Mention the usage level of the 3G technology
Table 4.15:- Mention the satisfaction level of the 3G technology about your requirement
Table 4.16:- . Are you satisfaction level about the tariffs of 3G facility
Table 4.17:- Have you used all the facilities in 3G
Table 4.18:- Do you know about all the features available in 3G technology
Table 4.19:- Do you know the drawbacks of about 3G technology
Table 4.20:- Do you think that the 3G technology is essential for all
Table 4.21:- Do you need some changes in the 3G technology
Table 4.22:- Do you need the changes in
Table 4.23:- Have you refer your friends/ relatives about the 3G technology
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1:- AGE
Figure 4.2:-GENDER
Figure 4.3:-EDUCATION
Figure 4.4:- OCCUPATION
Figure 4.5:- Are you using 3G technology
Figure 4.6:- How long you use 3G technology
Figure 4.7:- :- How do you know about 3G technology
Figure 4.8:- Have you used the GPRS technology earlier
Figure 4.9 Do you use 3G technology for
Figure 4.10:- Where did you use the 3G technology most
Figure 4.11:- What is the time you use the 3G technology most
Figure 4.12:- Have you used the GPRS earlier
Figure 4.13:- Reason for switch over from GPRS to 3G
Figure 4.14:- Mention the usage level of the 3G technology
Figure 4.15:- Mention the satisfaction level of the 3G technology about your requirement
Figure 4.16:- . Are you satisfaction level about the tariffs of 3G facility
Figure 4.17:- Have you used all the facilities in 3G
Figure 4.18:- Do you know about all the features available in 3G technology
Figure 4.19:- Do you know the drawbacks of about 3G technology
Figure 4.20:- :- Do you think that the 3G technology is essential for all
Figure 4.21:- Do you need some changes in the 3G technology
Figure 4.22:- Do you need the changes in
Figure 4.23:- Have you refer your friends/ relatives about the 3G technology
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BSNL / Bharat Sanchar Nigam LtdGPRS / General Packet Radio Service
UMTS / Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
VAS / Value Added Services
GSM / Global System for Mobile Communications
HSDPA / High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
W-CDMA / Wireless Code Division Multiple Access
SCDMA / Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
MTNL / Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan branded FOMA, in May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope; broader availability was delayed by apparent concerns over reliability. The second network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators.
The first European pre-commercial network was at the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers. These were both on the W-CDMA technology.
The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in October 2003 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA.
The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2100MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded as Three in March 2003.
In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA). In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
In Europe, mass market commercial 3G services were introduced starting in March 2003 by 3 (Part of Hutchison Whampoa) in the UK and Italy. The European Union Council suggested that the 3G operators should cover 80% of the European national populations by the end of 2005.
Roll-out of 3G networks was delayed in some countries by the enormous costs of additional spectrum licensing fees. (See Telecoms crash.) In many countries, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G, so mobile operators must build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies; an exception is the United States where carriers operate 3G service in the same frequencies as other services. The license fees in some European countries were particularly high, bolstered by government auctions of a limited number of licenses and sealed bid auctions, and initial excitement over 3G's potential. Other delays were due to the expenses of upgrading equipment for the new systems.
By June 2007 the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched first – Japan and South Korea – 3G penetration is over 70%. In Europe the leading country is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries by 3G migration include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 20% migration level. A confusing statistic is counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers as if they were 3G customers. If using this definition, then the total 3G subscriber base would be 475 million at June 2007 and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.
In Canada, Rogers Wireless was the first to implement 3G technology, with HSDPA services in eastern Canada in late 2006.Their subsidiary Fido Solutions offers 3G as well. Because they were the only incumbent carrier (out of 3) with UMTS/HSDPA capability. Realizing they would miss out on roaming revenue from the 2010 Winter Olympics, Bell and Telus formed a joint venture and rolled out a shared HSDPA network using Nokia Siemens technology. Bell launched their 3G wireless lineup on 4 November 2009, and Telus followed suit a day later on 5 November 2009.
Mobitel Iraq is the first mobile 3G operator in Iraq. It was launched commercially on February 2007.
China announced in May 2008, that the telecoms sector was re-organized and three 3G networks would be allocated so that the largest mobile operator, China Mobile, would retain its GSM customer base. China Unicom would retain its GSM customer base but relinquish its CDMA2000 customer base, and launch 3G on the globally leading WCDMA (UMTS) standard. The CDMA2000 customers of China Unicom would go to China Telecom, which would then launch 3G on the CDMA2000 1x EV-DO standard. This meant that China would have all three main cellular technology 3G standards in commercial use. Finally in January 2009, Ministry of industry and Information Technology of China has awarded licenses of all three standards，TD-SCDMA to China Mobile, WCDMA to China Unicom and CDMA2000 to China Telecom. The launch of 3G occurred on 1 October 2009, to coincide with the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China.
In November 2008, Turkey has auctioned four IMT 2000/UMTS standard 3G licenses with 45, 40, 35 and 25MHz top frequencies. Turkcell has won the 45MHz band with its €358 million offer followed by Vodafone and Avea leasing the 40 and 35MHz frequencies respectively for 20 years. The 25MHz top frequency license remains to be auctioned.
The first African use of 3G technology was a 3G videocall made in Johannesburg on the Vodacom network in November 2004. The first commercial launch of 3G in Africa was by EMTEL in Mauritius on the W-CDMA standard. In north African Morocco in late March 2006, a 3G service was provided by the new company Wana.
T-Mobile, a major Telecommunication services provider has recently rolled out a list of over 120 U.S. cities which will be provided with 3G Network coverage in the year 2009.
In 2008, India entered into 3G Mobile arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile and Data services by ([[BSNL]) in Bihar([Patna]). BSNL is the first Mobile operator in India to launch 3G services. After that ([MTNL]) launched [3G] in Mumbai & Delhi. Government owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has already been provided with a 3G license and has been operating its services in 380 cities by the end of March 2010. Nation wide auction of 3G wireless spectrum in April 2010 has been announced, and 3G services by private service providers are expected by the September 2010.
1.1.1 .Telecom Industry
The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world and India is projected to become the second largest telecom market globally by 2010.India added 113.26 million new customers in 2008, the largest globally. In fact, in April 2008, India had already overtaken the US as the second largest wireless market. To put this growth into perspective, the country’s cellular base witnessed close to 50 per cent growth in 2008, with an average 9.5 million customers added every month.
According to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the total number of telephone connections (mobile as well as fixed) had touched 385 million as of December 2008, taking the telecom penetration to over 33 per cent. This means that one out of every three Indians has a telephone connection, and telecom companies expect this pace of growth to continue in 2009 as well.
1.1.2Major Players
There are three types of players in telecom services:
• -State owned companies (BSNL and MTNL)
• -Private Indian owned companies (Reliance Infocomm, Tata Teleservices,)
• -Foreign invested companies (Hutchison-Essar, Bharti Tele-Ventures,
Escotel, Idea Cellular, BPL Mobile, Spice Communications)
1.1.3 What is 3G?
3G (Third Generation) is the latest wireless technology. It is also known as UMTS an improvement over 2G (Second Generation) providing wireless access to the data and information to the users from anywhere and anytime. It is the latest mobile technology and in fact it is described by Cellular (2004) as being a generic name for the most of mobile technologies.
3G cellular phones were first launched in Japan in October 2001. This 3G phone was designed so users would be able to surf the Internet, view pictures of the people they are talking to, watch movies and listen to music on their handsets .
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as3Gor3rd Generation, is a family of standards for wireless communications defined by the International Telecommunication Union, which includesGSMEDGE,UMTS, andCDMA2000as well asDECTandWiMAX. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephone,video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Compared to2Gand2.5Gservices, 3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates (up to 14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink withHSPA+). Thus, 3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improvedspectral efficiency.
Mobile telephony allowed us to talk on the move. The internet turned raw data into helpful services that people found easy to use. Now, these two technologies are converging to create third generation mobile services.
In simple terms, third generation (3G) services combine high speed mobile access with Internet Protocol (IP)-based services. But this doesn’t just mean fast mobile connection to the world wide web. Rather, whole new ways to communicate, access information, conduct business, learn and be entertained - liberated from slow, cumbersome equipment and immovable points of access. It will enhance and extend mobility in many areas of our lives.
1.1.4 Evolution of 3G Technology:
1G:
First-generation wirelesstelephonetechnology, cell phones. These are the analog cell phone also known as AMPS that were introduced in the 1980s.
2G:
Digital mobile phones, including those that use GSM, CDMA or TDMA networks, are the second generation phones. 2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. They offer data-transfer rates ranging from 9.6 kb/s to 19.2 kb/s.
2.5G:
Technologies such as i-mode data services, camera phones, high-speed circuit-switched data (HSCSD) and General packet radio service (GPRS) that provide some functionality domains like 3G networks, but without the full transition to 3G network. Interim hardware and software solutions are emerging that promise to have real or perceived data transfer rates ranging from 56 kb/s to 170 kb/s.
3G:
Third-generation digital-phone networks will have a nominal maximum data rate of 2 Mb/s, which can handle streaming video, two-way voice over IP, and Internet content with high-quality graphics and plug-ins to a wireless phone.
According to Ericsson, 3G is a generic term that actually describes different flavors of wireless:
Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) :
CDMA2000, also known as IS-136 and IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X) is a radio transmission technology for the evolution of narrowband cdmaOne/IS-95 to 3rd-generation adding up multiple carriers. Cdma2000 will be deployed in two phases.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS):
The name for the third generation mobile telephone standard in Europe, standardized by ETSI.
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS):
A packet-linked technology that enables high-speed (115 kilobit per second) wireless Internet and other data communications. GPRS will offer a tenfold increase in data throughput rates, from 9.6kbit/s to 115kbit/s. Using a packet data service, subscribers are always connected and always online.
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA):
A technology for wideband digital radio communications of Internet, multimedia, video and other capacity-demanding applications. WCDMA, developed by Ericsson and others from CDMA, has been selected for the third generation of mobile telephone systems in Europe, Japan and the United States. WCDMA uses variable rate techniques in digital processing and can achieve multi-rate transmissions. WCDMA has been adopted as a standard by the ITU under the name IMT-2000 direct spread.
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE):
A technology that gives GSM and TDMA the capacity to handle services for the third generation of mobile telephony. EDGE was developed to enable the transmission of large amounts of data at a high speed, 384 kb/s. EDGE uses the same TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure, logic channel and 200kHz carrier bandwidth as today's GSM networks, which allows existing cell plans to remain intact.
Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan was the first country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then adopted 3G Networks soon after and the transition was made as early as 2004.
1.1.5 The 3G Policy In Brief:
- The policy calls for an auction for spectrum with different reserve price fixed for separate telecom circles. As against the demand of certain lobby groups, the government has opened the market for local as well as foreign players, as long as they meet certain criteria — holding a unified access service (UAS) license or being eligible to hold UAS license. The foreign players who will be eligible to hold a UAS license will have to form JVs with local partner and can hold a maximum of 74 per cent in the JV as per the existing FDI norms in the telecom sector. However, in addition to the auction price, they will have to pay UAS license fee.
- The spectrum will be auctioned in blocks of 2×5 MHz in 2.1 GHz band. There can be a maximum of 10 players in any circle and in most cases the number will vary between 5-10 players. The license will hold for 20 years and besides 3G license fee firms will have to pay spectrum usage charge. However, in the first year, the firms will not have to pay this spectrum charge which will amount to 1 per cent of annual gross revenue from the second year onwards.
- The reserve price for the auction of spectrum in Delhi, Mumbai and other Circle A categories has been fixed at Rs 160 crore. Kolkata and Circle B areas will have a reserve price of Rs 80 crore and Circle C will have a floor price of Rs 30 crore. A pan India license will have a reserve price of Rs 2,020 crore.
- The government is looking to garner as much as $10 billion from the auctions. While this may be small money for India (the second fastest growing emerging market in the world and also the second largest wireless market after China) compared to 3G auctions worth $34 billion in UK eight years back, one needs to factor in the disaster that the high prices caused in the British market as telecom operators struggled to generate returns.If the number of bids is less than or equal to the number of spectrum blocks in a particular circle, spectrum will be allocated to all the bidders at the highest bid price. If the number of bids are more, then the e-auction rules will be applicable. The government will appoint an external agency for the auctions.
- The PSU operators — MTNL and BSNL — will get a preferential treatment. They will be allocated one block in the circles in which they are operating. They need not participate in the auction but will have to shell out an amount equal to the highest bid price for that area.
- At the time of allocation of the spectrum blocks will be given to bidders according to their bids. In case of a tie those having an existing operation in a circle will get a preference and in case of another tie on that criteria, those having more subscribers in that circle will get the preference.
- The government has also put a mandatory rollout plan for 3G services to dissuade hoarding of spectrum. The licensee has to rollout services in 90 per cent of metro areas within five years and for other circles the license holders have to cover 50 per cent of the area which would have to include 15 per cent rural areas. There are also penalties for not meeting the rollout obligations.
1.1.6 Impact of The 3G Technology: