Immigration and Progressive Era Study Guide

Increase in Immigration

Key Question: Why was there an increase in immigration?
H /
  1. Hope for better opportunities

E /
  1. Escape from oppressive governments

A /
  1. Adventure

R /
  1. Religious freedom

Negatives

Key Question? What were the negative effects of the increase in immigration?
  1. Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements

  1. Cities faced the challenges of ghettos and political corruption in political machines

  1. Immigrants faced discrimination, especially Chinese and Irish immigrants

Solving Immigrants Problems

Key Question: What efforts were made to solve immigration problems?
  1. Jane Addams created a settlement house called Hull House. It provided housing, job training, English lessons, etc, for immigrants.

  1. Political machines gained power by attending to the needs of immigrants who needed jobs and housing. In exchange for assistance, the political machines expected that the new citizens would be loyal voters, keeping the political machines’ candidates in office so that bosses could continue to grow richer and maintain their power.

  1. A movement was started that worked to bring about changes (reforms) in the political, corporate, and social laws: Progressive Movement

More Negatives

Key Question: What were the negative effects of industrialization that often affected immigrants?
  1. Child labor

  1. Low wages, long hours

  1. Unsafe working conditions

What Did Workers Do?

Key Questions: How did workers respond to the negative effects to industrialization? / Describe
  1. Workers formed unions
/ Unions are organizations that to try to improve working conditions and pay. One example is the American Federation of Labor.
  1. Workers went on strike
/ Strikes were rarely successful at improving working conditions or pay for workers. One example is the Homestead Strike at Andrew Carnegie’s steel plant which resulted in several union workers and guards being killed, and the union was broken for more than 40 years. In its aftermath, union membership decreased.

Change for the Better

Key Question: How did the Progressive Movement and its reforms change the nation?
  1. Improved safety conditions

  1. Reduced work hours

  1. Placed restrictions on child labor

Change for Women

Key Question: How did the Progressive Movement affect women?
  1. It increased educational opportunities for women in both high school attendance and in higher education.

  1. It attained women’s suffrage (the right to vote) with the passage of the 19th Amendment.

Key People

Key Question: Who were key people in the Women’s Movement?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony

Temperance Movement

Key Question: How did the Progressive Movement impact the Temperance Movement?
  1. The Temperance Movement was comprised of groups that opposed the making and consuming of alcohol

  1. It supported the 18th Amendment which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages