Identify Three Stages of Muscle Twitch and Events Associated with Each Stage

BIO 230 LearningModule 7

Define muscle twitch

Identify three stages of muscle twitch and events associated with each stage

What is the relationship between strength of stimulation and muscle contraction?

Define

Subthreshold stimulus

Threshold stimulus

Suprathreshold stimulus

Define motor unit and how it is involved in process of muscle contraction

Explain the differences between graded response and all or nothing response

Define multiple motor unit/multifiber summation

Define the relationship between strength of stimulation and force of muscle contraction

How can increased stimulation increases the force of contraction?

What is the relationship between number of muscle fibers that are in a motor unit and precision of movement?

Which of these contains more muscle fibers per motor unit, muscles in fingers used to play the bass guitar or quadriceps?

Explain how increased frequency of stimulation increases the force of contraction

Define tetanus

Define multiple wave/frequency summation

Define treppe

What is the key factor involved in development of treppe and tetanus?

Why is it important to warm up before exercising?

What are concentric and eccentric contractions? How are they different from two types of contractions you discussed previously?

What is muscle tone and how is it achieved?

Define:

Active tension

Passive tension

Total tension

What is muscle fatigue?

While studying for this class, you feel tired and feel like you cannot move. What is this condition called and how does this affect muscle’s ability to contract?

Define synaptic fatigue and how it is different from muscular fatigue

Define physiological contracture and rigor mortis. What is the common cause/factor involved in development of these conditions?

List four sources of ATP for muscle contraction and their respective importance

Why does your breathing pattern change during exercise? How is this associated with oxygen deficit?

Define recovery oxygen consumption

Define two types of muscle fibers and their respective characteristics

Identify which type of muscle is more developed in following individual:

Michael Phelps (gold-metal swimmer)

Jake Long (offensive lineman, Miami Dolphins)

Michael Johnson (world-class track star)

Bo Jackson (First two-sports athlete, played in MLB and NFL)

What is the role of training and exercise on development and function of muscles?

How does muscle increase its size?

Define atrophy and how you can prevent it

Why is it important for patients who have spinal cord damage to continue physical therapy?

How does muscle contribute to generation and maintenance of your body temperature?

Why do you shiver when it is cold (or before you take an exam for this class)

List physical characteristics of smooth muscle that is distinctly different from those of skeletal muscle

Compare and contrast process of contraction between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

List types of smooth muscles

How is neuromuscular junction of smooth muscle different from that of skeletal muscle?

Define types of action potentials that are associated with smooth muscle

List functional properties of smooth muscle

How is regulation of smooth muscle contraction different from that of skeletal muscle?

List two types of neurotransmitters that affect smooth muscle contraction

What is the factor(s) that determines how smooth muscle responds to neurotransmitters

What is the response of smooth muscle to norepinephrine if acetylchorine stimulates contraction?

What is the end results of interaction between neurotransmitter and its receptor in regards to membrane potential?