Kingdom PLANTS ADVANCED Chapter 27 and 28

I.  PLANT CHARACTERISTICS

a.  ______

b.  ______

c.  ______

  1. ______

II.  Plants & Environment:

  1. Plant ecology-Study of plant interaction

  1. ______
  2. Produce ______

  1. Absorb ______
  2. Cycling of carbon, water, and nitrogen
  1. Plant interactions

  1. Animals-______
  2. Microbes-plant ______
  3. Bacteria-______. Converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

iv.  Fungi grows around plant roots to help with nutrient and water absorption. ______

  1. Humans-

  1. Medicine
  2. Clothing/Dyes
  3. Fuel and Oils
  4. Lumber/Paper
  5. Cosmetics
  6. Landscaping
  7. Gardening
  8. Recreation
  9. Mental health

III.  Where do plants come from? Green Algae

a.  Same type of ______. Makes plants green.

b.  ______ in cell walls

c.  Food stored as ______. Food that is not used by plant is stored as starch for later use.

d.  Advantages on land:

i.  ______

ii.  ______

iii.  ______

iv.  Predation ß

  1. Adaptations to life on land
  2. Cuticle waxy layer that prevents ______ in plants
  3. ______-gas exchange. Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange.
  4. Spores and Seeds for reproduction
  5. Vascular Tissue – transport ______and provides support

  1. ______- transports water
  2. ______- transports food

Two types of plants: Byrophytes which are the nonvascular plants and the Tracheophytes which are the vascular plants.

Byrophytes are simple and Tracheophytes are more complex plants.

IV.  Nonvascular Plants (Seedless plants) (3) DO NOT HAVE VASCULAR TISSUE

a.  Do not produce seeds or flowers: instead uses asexual spores

  1. No true roots, stems, leaves
  2. Need water for ______
  3. They grow less than an inch because they lack vascular tissue. They have to live in ______environments.
  4. They dry out quick because they do not have the vascular tissues to help them control water loss.
  5. Nonvascular Plants rely on osmosis and diffusion to transport food and water

  1. Divisions:
  2. Division Bryophyte (mosses)
  3. Division Hepatophyte (liverworts)
  4. Division Anthocerophyte (hornworts)

V.  Vascular Plants have vascular tissue.

  1. Xylem-carries ______ from roots to upper plant parts
  2. Phloem-carries ______ from leaves to other plant tissues

VI.  Vascular Plants without Seeds (4)

  1. Vascular Tissue allows plants to grow ______, live in variety of ______, and have strong ______.
  2. Reproduce by spores not by seeds.
  3. Divisions of Seedless Vascular Plants

i.  Psilophyta-whisk fern

ii. Lycophyta-club mosses

iii.  Sphenophyta-horsetails

iv.  Pterophyta-ferns

VII.  Vascular Plants with Seeds

  1. Advantage of seeds
  2. ______

ii.  ______ for developing embryo

iii.  Easy ______ by wind, water, and animals

  1. Vascular Plants with seeds
  2. ______: “Naked” Seeds on the scales of a cone. All Gymnosperms produce seeds.
  3. Cycadophytes (cycads)
  4. Coniferophytes (conifers) evergreen or deciduous
  5. Gnetophytes (Ephedra)
  6. Gingkophytes (Ginkgo biloba)
  7. Anthophytes (______): Flowers and Seeds surrounded by ______ . The purpose of the fruit is to provide protection for developing seeds and to promote seed dispersal.
  1. Angiosperms are divided into two subgroups:
  2. ______– 1 leaf, 3 petals, parallel veins, example: grasses
  3. ______ – 2 leaf, 4 or 5 petals, branching vein leaves, example: Maple Trees