英语(一)学习指南
I. Match the words in column A with the definitions in column B.（请将A栏的单词和B栏的意思配对）
(1)Column A Column B
（ ）1. postponeA. look closely or carefully
（ ）2. destinationB. take out things from a suitcase
（ ）3. absolutelyC. delay, put off
（ ）4. peerD. material, matter
（ ）5. stuffE. difficult; strong
（ ）6. unpackF. have difficulty in breathing, swallowing or speaking
（ ）7. choke G. definitely and completely
（ ）8. tough H. the place to which one is going or directed
(2)Column A Column B
（ ）1. sufficientA. make (ideas, feelings, etc. ) known to another
（ ）2. yield B. give pleasure
（ ）3. proposeC. as a result
（ ）4. tendD. be likely to happen
（ ）5. entertainE. as much as is needed, enough
（ ）6. henceF. reveal; produce or provide
（ ）7. contactG. put forward for consideration; suggest
（ ）8. conveyH. get in touch with
(3)Column A Column B
（ ）1. straightenA. to or in another country
（ ）2. previousB. support emotionally; keep (an effort, etc.) going, maintain
（ ）3. overseasC. fine, well-formed, soft, tender
（ ）4. fertile D. (cause to) become straight or level
（ ）5. sustainE. push suddenly or with great strength
（ ）6. Slim F. (of land) able to produce good crops
（ ）7. delicateG. happening or coming before or earlier
（ ）8. thrustH. slender, small
(4)Column A Column B
( ) 1. comprehend a. ability, power; the amount that something can hold or produce
( ) 2. instrument b. to complete an educational course.
( ) 3. capacity c. suppose, to take as a fact or as true without proof;
( ) 4. determine d. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc.
( ) 5. discard e. an object used to help in work
( ) 6. graduate f. to understand fully
( ) 7. assume g. to get rid of as useless
( ) 8. precise h. to cause to form firm intention in one’s mind
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words, change the form if necessary.（请用括号里的单词的正确形式填空）
1.The company sends a ______to New York. (represent)
2.Everything stood ______bathed in bright, metallic light. (motion)
3.A healthy person offers more ______to disease than a weak person. (resist)
4.Professor Li spent all weekend grading the student’s essay and returned the ______paper yesterday afternoon. (grade)
5.We will order tea for twelve people on the ______that all twelve people will come. (assure)
6.The baby was born with a problem with its heart and only ______for a few hours. (survival)
7.The Indians were the ______inhabitants of North America. (origin)
8.There is a lot of ______that stress is partly responsible for disease. (evident)
- The manager made an unfair ______of his new secretary’s character. (judge)
10.Aid agencies and the local government are ______to deliver supplies to the flooded area. (cooperation)
11.The student raised his hand, ______to the teacher that he had finished his paper. (sign)
12.The ______of the bomb threw the whole crowd into panic. (explode)
13.To her ______, she saw the boy fall from the ladder. (horrible)
14.The doctor checked his ______and prescribed some herbal medicine. (injure)
15.These cells are not ______to the human eye. (visual)
16.He became a millionaire overnight. Many people ______him for his good luck. (envious)
17Taking a part-time job would ______you of the financial burden. (relief)
18.The population of the town ______rapidly in the 1960s. (expansion)
19.The ______went on smoothly with the help of the skilled interpreters. (negotiate)
20.Don't act like such an idiot –use your ______. (intelligent)
III. Vocabulary and Structure (词汇与选择)
Directions: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices given under each sentences. ( 选择正确的选项)
1.It is really hard for me to associate him ____ cheating.
A. and B. with C. for D. on
2.We are not ______trouble when the factory opens again.
A. anticipated B. anticipate C. anticipating D. anticipative
3. The meeting was _____ and many people dozed off.
A. interesting B. funny C. tedious D. attractive
4. The idea of becoming a writer had come to me _____ since my childhood in Belleville
A. off and on B. to and from C. over and over D. up and down
5. When they came back from work, they ______their apartment clean and tidy.
A. felt B. found C. looked D. heard
6. I hated the assignment to ______long, lifeless paragraphs （that） were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.
A. turn on B. turn around C. turn over D. turn out
7. This medicine will _____ you a good night’s sleep
A. make sure B. reassure C. ensure D. assure
8. One often finds a writer’s books more ______if one knows about his life and the time when he was alive.
A. comprehensible B. comprehensive C. comprehended D. comprehension
9. Don’t mention it to others, please. It’s only ______ourselves.
A. with B. in C. of D. between
10. A survey of the Chinese diet has ______that a growing number of children in cities are overweight.
A. replaced B. released C. revealed D. relieve
11. I don’t know ______it was that answered the phone this morning.
A. whyB. howC. whoD. that
12. I’d just do as soon as you ______the research yourself.
A. doB. will doC. didD. would do
13. As a woman of strong will, Gemma Composed herself ______when she heard the news of Arthur’s death
A. as she could bestB. as best she could
C. best as she couldD. could best as she
14. My doctor put me ______starvation diet, that is, he allowed me only tea and milk.
A. withB. forC. on D. in
15. Mr. Peel began a reply, but his wife ______with a remark again.
A. cut inB. cut backC. cut offD. cut short
16. Tibet, the second largest province of China, is ______in uranium and underground thermal power.
A. wealthyB. abundantC. adequateD. sufficient
17. Instead of studying hard at college, John was ______away his time.
A. wanderingB. wastingC. idlingD. throwing
18.. What I’m trying to do is to ______why my daughter’s condition had not improved.
A. look forB. find outC. search forD. get in
19. The doctor told him smoking too much would ______his health and even cause lung cancer.
A. affectB. effectC. affirmD. effort
20.. In English, woman may ______“Eeek” when they are frightened by something.
A. excelB. astonishC. light upD. exclaim
21.. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few ______apartments in the area.
A. freeB. vacantC. emptyD. blank
22.. Even at that early stage, the school felt that she ______a good chance of passing her
exams.
A. stoodB. gainedC. possessedD. took
23.. Her peculiar personality ______her unfortunate childhood.
A. results inB. stems fromC. derives fromD. stands for
24.. I was trying to ______him ______, but failed because he didn’t fit into any type I knew.
A. check…throughB. size…upC. pick…outD. note…down
25.. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ______knowledge.
A. extensiveB. expensiveC. intensiveD. expansive
26. The ex-convict went to another pare of the country in an ______to lend a new and law-abiding life.
A. endeavorB. tryC. striveD. attempt
27. The proposal was ______as too radical by the committee.
A. refusedB. rejectedC. declinedD. repelled
28. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ______character.
A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particular
29. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ______.
A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response
30. ______a slight mistake, the answer is correct.
A. ExceptB. BesidesC. Apart fromD. In addition to
31.If you do not know this word, ______in your dictionary.
A. refer to itB. look it upC. consult itD. insult it
32.You ought to postpone ______here until next week, since the audience is so enthusiastic.
A. leaveB. leftC. to leaveD. leaving
33.The writer’s choice of words is simply a matter of ______style.
A. personalB. privateC. personnelD. individual
34.He took great ______to please his boss.
A. painB. effortC. painsD. efforts
35.These are the basic rules of grammar, which you should learn ______.
A. by memoryB. by heartC. in mindD. for good
36.I rely on you to remind me ______Jack for the books he bought me.
A. of payingB. of being paidC. to payD. to be paid
37.I didn’t mean ______anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ______.
A. to eat…tryingB. to eat…to tryC. eating…to tryD. eating…trying
38.Life is a candle ______to burn ever brighter.
A. being meantB. meaningC. to meanD. meant
39.Since you have come so far with your experiment, you ______carry it through to the end.
A. mayB. mightC. may wellD. may as well
40..The ______of his trip to Beijing was the visit to the Forbidden City (紫禁城).
A. lightest partB. highest partC. highlightD. most highlight
IV. Cloze（完形填空）
The task of being acceptable and enrolled in a university begins early for some students. Long before they graduating from high school, these students take special courses to prepare for _1 study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how well 2 they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they complete applications and send them, with their student _3, to the universities which they hope top attend. Some high school students may be 4to have an interview with representatives of the university.5dressed, and usually very frightened, they are determined to show that they have a good _6and the ability to succeed.
When the new students are finally accepted, there may be one more step they have to take before registering for classes and getting to work. Many colleges and universities 7an orientation program for new students. In these programs, the young people get to know the procedures for registration and student 8 university rules, the use of the library and all the other major services of the college or university.
Beginning a new life in a new place can be very 9 The more knowledge students have about the school, the easier it will be for them to _10 to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life.
1. A. advancingB. advancedC. progressedD. progressing
2. A. educatedB. studiedC. preparedD. ready
3. A. recordsB. numberC. booksD. scores
4. A. forcedB. invitedC. remindedD. required
5. A. NeatlyB. NeatC. TidyD. Tidily
6. A. hopeB. educationC. attitudeD. application
7. A. displayB. offerC. affordD. make
8.. A. advisingB. advisesC. advisedD. advise
9. A. confusionB. confusingC. confusedD. confuse
10. A. adaptB. adoptC. aptD. adjust
How many different kings of emotions do you feel? You may be surprised to find that it is very hard to 11__ all of them. Not only are emotional feelings hard to describe in words, they are difficult to list. As a result, two people 12__ agree on all of them. However, there are a number of 13__emotions that most people experience.
When we received something that we want or something happens that we like, we usually feel joy or happiness. Joy is a 14_ and powerful emotion, one for which we all 15_ . It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us search for happiness. As a general rule, joy 16__when we reach a desired goal or obtain a desired object.
Since people often desire different goals and objects, it is 17_ that one person may find joy in repairing a(n) 18__, while another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share common goals or interests, and therefore we can experience joy together. This may be in sports, in the arts, in learning, in raising a family, or in just being together.
When we have difficulty in obtaining desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as anger and 19_ . when little things get in our way, we experience minor frustration or tensions. For example, if you are dressing to go out on a date, you might feel frustration when a zipper breaks or a button falls off. The more difficulty you have in reaching a goal, the more 20__ you may feel and the angrier you may become. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it should happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry.
11. A. separate B. specifyC. locateD. divide
12. A. normallyB. oftenC. rarelyD. never
13. A. essentialB. importantC. specialD. minor
14. A. active B. favoriteC. positiveD. negative
15. A. want B. desireC. pursueD. strive
16. A. obtains B. occursC. feelsD. acquires
17. A. understandable B. excusableC. believingD. receiving
18. A. essay B. ActC. automobileD. experience
19. A. sadB.griefC. anxiousD. joy
20. A. sadB. indifferentC. pleasureD. frustrated
In Britain, the old Road traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m. p. h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m. p. h. in the country. Later parliament 21_ the speed limit to 14 m. p. h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it 22__to raise the limit to 20 m. p. h. by 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding 23__ were done away with together. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever 24_ they liked. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in 25__ areas, along with the introduction of driving seats and 26_ crossings.
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on 27_ road, exceeding on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
The main controversy (争论)28 speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when 30 m. p. h. limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties. There was a 28 percent 29_ in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡)in the year after the 70 m. p. h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limit should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to 30_ drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA.
21 A. addedB. increasedC. roseD. aroused
22. A. necessaryB. urgentC. importantD. law
23. A. restrictB. restrictedC. restrictionsD. restricting
24. A. milesB. speedsC. ratesD. way
25. A. emptyB. spaciousC. built-upD. buildings
26. A. pedestrianB. walkersC. peopleD. audience
27. A. limitedB. refrainedC. restrictedD. requested
28. A. atB. underC. inD. surrounding
29. A. minusB. plusC. reductionD. addition
30. A. experiencedB. carefulC. inexperiencedD. skillful
For thepast two years, I have been working on students 31__ of classroom teaching. I have
kept a record of informal conversations 32__some 300 hundred students from at least twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally 33 and direct in their comments on how course work would be better 34_. Most of their remarks were kindly made with 35 rather than bitterness —and 36_ were softened by the fact that the students were speaking about some, not all instructors. Nevertheless, as the 37_ suggestions and comments indicate, students feel dissatisfied with things-as-they-are in the classroom.
Professors should be 38 from reading lecture notes. “It makes their voices monotonous.” If they are going to read, why not give out copies of the lecture? Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 39_ repeating in lectures materials that is in the textbook. “Once we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it 40__on, not repeated.”“A lot of students hate to buy a required text that the professor has written only to have his lectures repeat it.”
31.A. descriptionB. evaluationC. expectationD. discussion
32.A. involvingB. involvedC. includingD. included
33.A. criticalB. harshC. niceD. frank
34.A. explainedB. presentedC. printedD. sold
35.A. toleranceB. resentmentC. frustrationD. disappointment
36.A. finallyB. frequentlyC. continuouslyD. rarely
37.A. aboveB. mentionedC. statedD. following
38.A. forbiddenB. preventedC. discouragedD. prohibited
39.A. continueB. keepC. notD. avoid
40.A. elaboratedB. statedC. discussedD. presented
V. Reading Comprehension（阅读理解）
Passage1
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each
course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student would probably attend four or five courses each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for a degree over a longer period of time. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree courses, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to perspective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
1. Normally a student would at least attend ______classes each week.
A. 36 B. 12C. 20D. 15
2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ______.
A. to live in a different university
B. to take a particular course in a different university
C. to live at home and drive to classes
D. to get two degrees from two different universities
3. American universities students are usually under pressure of work because ______
A. their academic performance will affect their future career
B. they are heavily involved in student affairs
C. they have to observe university disciplines
D. they want to run for positions of authority
4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _____
A. they have the constant pressure and strain of their study
B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university.
C. such positions help them get better jobs
D. such positions are usually well-paid
5. The student organizations seem to be effective in ______.
A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C. evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court.
D. keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activities
Passage 2
The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last till Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never almost unobtainable in the country.