World Bank Loan
Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project (HFRDP)
Pest Management Plan
Forestry Foreign Capital Project Management Office of Hunan Province
Central South University of Forestry and Technology
March 2012
1
Content
1. Brief Introduction of Pest Management in China
1.1 Existing Laws and Regulations on Pest Management
1.2 Existing Plant Protection Policies in China
1.3 Pest Management Capacity of Hunan Province
1.3.1 Organizations
1.3.2 Pests forecasting capacity in the project areas
1.3.3 Capacity of integrated pest management in the project area
2. Present Situation of Forest Pests/Diseases Occurrence and Control in the Project Area
2.1 Present Situation of Forest Pests/Diseases Occurrence
2.2 Present Situation of Integrated Pest Management
2.3 Main Problems of Pest Management Existed in the Project Area and Suggestions for Improvement
2.3.1 Main problems of pests/diseases control in the project area
2.3.2 Suggestions on improving pest management in the project area
3. Integrated Pest Management in Project Area
3.1 Principles of Integrated Pests Management (IPM)
3.2 Requirements of Pesticide Classification Guidance（2009）by World Health Organization（WHO）
3.3 Contents and Measures of Integrated Pest Management
3.3.1 Monitoring and forecasting......
3.3.2 Prevention and control methods......
3.4 Safe Use of Pesticides
3.5 Prevention and control methods and recommended pesticides lists to the main forest pests/disease in the project areas
3.6 Selection of Other Pesticides
4. Implementation Organization and Management
4.1 Implementation agencies and task allocation
4.2 Procurement, Transportation and Storage of Pesticide
4.2.1 Pesticide Procurement
4.2.2 Pesticide Transportation
4.2.3 Pesticide Storage
4.3 Pesticide supervision and management agencies
4.4 Pesticide residue inspection institutes
5 Training
5.1 Training Methods and Object
5.2 Training Contents
5.3 Training Plan and Budget
6. Monitoring and Evaluation
6.1 Monitoring and Evaluation on Pests Occurrence and Harm
6.1.1 Selection and distribution of positioning monitoring sites......
6.1.2 Monitoring methods......
6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation on the Quality of Pests Management
6.3 Budget
6.4 Pests/Diseases Monitoring Plan and Budget
The World Bank Loan Hunan Forest Restoration and Development Project (hereafter as HFRDP) is designed to establish various types of forests to explore new pattern of forest management, recovery the forest resources damaged or denuded by ice storm, improve the ability of forest ecological system in resistance to disaster climate and adaptation to climate change, reduce soil erosion, support the forest reform in Hunan Province, realizee the sustainable development of forestry resources, and promote the ecological construction in Hunan Province.
With the purpose of improving the monitoring, forecast and prevention of forest pests/diseases in he implementation of HFRDP, a “Pest Management Plan”(hereafter as PMP) is formulated in accordance with the “Regulation on Forest pests/diseases Management” promulgated by the State Council on December 18th, 1989, and the requirement of the World Bank operational policy of Pest Management (OP 4.09), which strives to promote and popularize the use of biological methods to control forest pests/diseases to reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides, so as to minimize the environmental pollution caused by pesticides, while pests/diseases are under effective control. The pests/diseases mentioned in the plan refer to all insects, mites, nematodes and diseases harmful to forest plants. Guided by a policy of “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and health promotion”, this plan mainly covers the following six aspects: prevention and control methods of main forest pests/diseases might encountered in the project, recommended pesticides, organization of implementation, training, monitoring and evaluation, etc.
1. Brief Introduction of Pest Management in China
1.1 Existing Laws and Regulations on Pest Management
The main laws and regulations concerning forest pests/diseases management in China are summarized as follows:
To strengthen pests/diseases management, the Chinese government has promulgated the “Forest Law”, “Regulation on Forestry Pest Control”, "The Plant Quarantine Rules" “Technological Rules for Forest Quarantine”, “Management Measures for Target Forest Pest Control”, “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticides” and “Regulation on Pesticide Management”.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been promoted by the implementation of the “Standard on Safe Use of Pesticides” and “Regulation on Pesticide Management”.
1.2 Existing Plant Protection Policies in China
The Chinese government attaches great importance to pests/diseases management in forestry. It lays stress on the policy of “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and health promotion”. Biological control will be gradually adopted as a main control method in the future.
The objectives of the government policies are to control the occurrence of damage caused by pests/diseases at a low level, enhance forest quality and promote sustainable utilization of forest resources. In other words, the government policies aim at protecting forest resources and the ecological environment. Highly efficient chemical pesticides with low toxic and pollution free could be used in case when no other control methods can control the severe pests/diseases.
Forest pests/diseases management adheres to the principle of “"Whoever manages the forest bears the responsibility for prevention and control of pests/diseases”. The owners of the forests take the responsibility of pests/diseases management of the commercial forest and economic tree crops. Forest pests/diseases management organizations shall provide monitoring and technical guidance during the process. The local governments take charge of the pest management in ecological public welfare forests, whose detailed implementation is organized by local Forest Pests Control and Quarantine Stations (hereafter as FPCQS). The compensation policy is adopted by the state for serious incidences of pests/diseases, and the operational cost of nationally designated forest pest monitoring and forecasting sites is subsidized as well.
The Chinese government made following specific provision on the use of pesticides:
pesticides which are allowed to be adopted for pest management;
the low-toxic and low-residue pesticides with high efficiency, which are recommended when pesticides is the only effective control measure;
agricultural products with an excess of pesticide residue over the set standards are not allowed to reach the market;
safe use methods for pesticides.
In addition, the Chinese government is continuously issuing the banned pesticide list, including Parathion, Phorate and Monocrotophos, etc.
In 2011, a set of banned or restricted pesticides have been published, which includes:
(1) 23 species of the prohibited pesticides, including BHC, DDT, toxaphene, DBCP, chlordimeform, ethylene dibromide, nitrofen, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic and lead type, MATDA, fluoroacetamide, glyftor, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, silatrane, methamidophos, methyl-parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon.
(2) 16 species of the pesticides that prohibited or restricted in forestry construction, including dicofol, fenvalerate, phorate, isofenphos-methyl, terbufos, phosfolan-methyl, sulfotep, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoprophos, phosfolan, coumaphos, fonofos, isazofos, fenamiphos, etc.
1.3 Pest Management Capacity of Hunan Province
1.3.1 Organizations
The Provincial FPCQS is responsible for the organization, management, guidance, monitoring and technical extension of pest management in the whole province.
Each of the prefectures and counties has their own FPCQS, which is responsible for organization, management, guidance and supervision of forest pest prevention and control within their respective jurisdictions. The institution components are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Management institutions of pest prevention and control
Responsibilities of each institution:
The Provincial Forestry Department is in charge of the forestry work in the whole province.
The Afforestation Division of Provincial Forestry Department is in charge of the technology and management of project afforestation .
The Provincial FPCQS is in charge of the organization, management, supervision and guidance of the pests/diseases prevention and control in the project, and also responsible for the technology extension.
The Prefecture and County (District) Forestry Bureau is in charge of the forestry work in its jurisdiction,, including organizing, planning, coordinating, supervising, deciding the implementation of forest pests/diseases management, as well as formulation of work management system.
The Prefecture and County (District) FPCQS is in charge of the organization, management, supervision and guidance of the pest management in its jurisdiction, and assisting or coordinating the law-enforcingand technical departments to carry out activities in publicity, training and guidance of pesticide and pests/diseases control technology in project areas.
The Pests Monitoring Site is responsible for the survey and monitoring of the occurring trend of pests/diseases in its jurisdiction. It is also responsible for publishing forest pests/diseases forecasting of long-term, medium-term and short-term regularly.
The Pest Control team is in charge of the timely treatment of pests/diseases in its jurisdiction.
1.3.2 Pests forecasting capacity in the project areas
Ten project prefectures have established FPCQSs at provincial, prefectural and county level, which are responsible for local forest pests/diseases control and management.
At present, sound forest pests/diseases forecast systems have been developed in the project prefectures. Every of the project counties has national, provincial or county level monitoring and forecasting sites.Table 1 shows the details of the national and provincial (county) level monitoring and forecasting sites. Meanwhile, each national level monitoring and forecasting site has set up monitoring sites with varying numbers, and sufficient technicians are assigned for integrated pest management, so as to ensure the real-time dynamic monitoring on the occurrence and development of pests/diseases.
Table 1 Forest pest monitoring and forecasting sites at various levels
Prefecture / National monitoring and forecasting site / Provincial (county level) monitoring and forecasting siteChangsha / 2 / 5
Zhuzhou / 3 / 8
Hengyang / 3 / 8
Shaoyang / 4 / 6
Yueyang / 3 / 6
Changde / 4 / 5
Chenzhou / 3 / 10
Yongzhou / 3 / 10
Huaihua / 3 / 9
Xiangxi autonomous prefecture / 2 / 6
Total / 30 / 73
1.3.3 Capacity of integrated pest management in the project area
The forest protection institutions at all levels are relatively completely established in the project area, the professional technical staff can satisfy the basic project requirements, and traditional methods are widely adopted in the forecasting and controlling. In recent years, the integrated pest management in most of the project areas have abide by IPM principles, and biological, physical, as well as pollution-free chemical control methods are applied in the pests/diseases control. The pest management capacity of the existing forest protection institutes at all levels can meet the needs of the project to some extent.
2. Present Situation of Forest Pests/Diseases Occurrence and Control in the Project Area
2.1 Present Situation of Forest Pests/Diseases Occurrence
The project will be implemented in 10 prefectures, which distribute in the east, west, south, north and central part of Hunan province (see Fig.2). Due to global warming and frequent natural disasters，forest pest incidence and the harming degree has been severe in Hunan province in recent years. Therefore the project is pressed by forest pests/diseases control, which is foreseen to be difficult. The major occurrences of forest pests/diseases in project areas in recent years are listed in Table 2.
Figure 2 Distribution diagram of project counties under HFRDP
Table2 Occurrence of major forest pests/disease in the project area
No. / Prefecture / County (city, district) / Major pests/diseases kinds / Affected forest stand1 / Chang
sha / Ning
xiang / Poplar leaf insect and stem borer, rat pest / poplar
2 / Zhu
zhou / Li
ling / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, pine mushroom tussock moth, Hylobitelus xiaoi, bamboo leafhopper / Masson pine and bamboo forest
3 / Heng
yang / Lei
yang / bamboo locust, pine mushroom tussock moth, bamboo leafhopper / bamboo forest
Chang
ning / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, pine mushroom tussock moth, Hylobitelus xiaoi, bamboo leafhopper / Masson pine and bamboo forest
Heng
nan / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, / Masson pine and bamboo forest
4 / Shao
yang / Xin
shao / Masson Pine caterpillar, pine mushroom tussock moth, Hylobitelus xiaoi, bamboo leafhopper / Masson pine forest
5 / Yue
yang / Ping
jiang / Poplar leaf insect and stem borer, rat pest / poplar
Yue
yang / Poplar leaf insect and stem borer, rat pest / poplar
6 / Chang
de / Tao
yuan / Poplar leaf insect and stem borer, rat pest / poplar
Ding
cheng / Poplar leaf insect and stem borer, rat pest / popular
7 / Chen
zhou / Ru
cheng / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, slash pine mealybug, pine needle brown spot, Hylobitelus xiaoi / Masson pine, slash pine and bamboo forest
Zi
xing / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, slash pine mealybug, pine needle brown spot, Hylobitelus xiaoi / Masson pine, slash pine and bamboo forest
Su
xian / Masson Pine caterpillar, pine needle brown spot, / Masson pine and bamboo forest
Gui
yang / Masson Pine caterpillar, slash pine mealybug, pine needle brown spot,bamboo locust, / Masson pine, slash pine and bamboo forest
Anren / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, / Masson pine and bamboo forest
Guidong / bamboo locust / Masson pine and bamboo forest
Yongxing / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, / Masson pine and bamboo forest
8 / You
zhou / Shuang
pai / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, slash pine mealybug, pine needle brown spot, Hylobitelus xiaoi / Masson pine, slash pine and bamboo forest
Jingdong District / Masson Pine caterpillar, / Masson pine
9 / Huai
hua / Yuanling / Masson Pine caterpillar, Yunan pine caterpillar, pine mushroom tussock moth, cypress tussock moth / Masson pine and bamboo forest
Mayang / Yunnan Pine caterpillar, pine mushroom tussock moth, cypress tussock moth, / Masson pine and bamboo forest
10 / autonomous prefecture / Luxi / Masson Pine caterpillar, bamboo locust, Hylobitelus xiaoi / Masson pine and bamboo forest
2.2 Present Situation of Integrated Pest Management
Great progress has been made on pests/diseases control, which is shown in the following five aspects:
(1) The overall monitoring and forecasting is intensified. This includes increasing an overall coverage of monitoring and forecasts for pest and diseases; discovering the disasters in time; circulating forecasts and control announcement; and requiring the concerned people to assume their responsibility in pests/diseases control by bringing the radiation roleof the national monitoring and forecasting centers of the forest pests into full, and making full use of the four level monitoring and forecasting network of the nation, province, prefectural and county, and the working stations of the towns and townships as well.
(2) Striving for controlling pests which cause severe damages to forest resources, receive high attention of the society and have strong international impact such as pine wood nematodes, fall webworm, forest mouse (rabbits), masson pine caterpillar, bamboo locust etc. According to the “Forest Pest and Diseases Control Regulation”, the integrated control method of silvicultural, biology, physics and chemistry help reduce losses and the occurrence area, contributing to a sustainable control of forest pests. Especially when chemical pesticides have to be applied, only category III and U can be utilized according to strictly abiding by WHO requirements.
(3) Quarantine law is enforced strictly. The “Plant Quarantine Regulation” have been seriously executed to strengthen inspection and quarantine work for preventing quarantine pests from spreading. The risk assessments of the external pests are carrying out in a scientific way, and plant introduction review and quarantine monitoring are also strictly carrying out. Quarantine are conducted at both the production sites and transportation process, so as to strictly prevent contamination by the external pests.
(4) Emphasis is laid on strengthening the establishment of the emergency response system for handling accidents caused by pests. According to the requirements of “Handling Methods for Emergent Forest Pests” and “Emergency Preplan for Major External Forest Pests”, the emergency preparation and preplans are well arranged in the aspects of organization, technology, finance and resources. Infrastructure construction and material reserve to tackle emergent accidents are enhanced.
(5) The science and technology content is constantly increased. Efforts have been made to learn the international and domestic advanced control technologies. International cooperation and coordination of multi sectors should be enhanced for the purpose of improving the applied technology and extending the advanced, environment-friendly and practical technologies as soon as possible.
2.3 Main Problems of Pest Management Existed in the Project Area and Suggestions for Improvement
2.3.1 Main problems of pests/diseases control in the project area
(1) The prevention concept needs to be improved. The forest health protection concept wasn't ran through very well in the implementation of forestry pest prevention in some project areas, and the afforestation technology and enhance forest resilience from the perspective of ecosystem.
(2) The forecasting methods need to be improved. Traditional ground survey method is adopted in most of the exiting forestry pest monitoring, which is time and labor consuming. The application of the advanced monitoring technology should be vigorously extended.
(3) Capacity-building system needs to be improved. Trainings on integrated forestry pest control technology need to be strengthened. The introduction of the advanced monitoring and prevention technology, promotion of demonstration effects, and training measures of corresponding organization all need to be improved.
(4) The dependency degree on chemical pesticides is relatively high. As a large area of pure forest plantation has been established in some of the project areas, such as masson pine, moso bamboo, poplar, fruit trees, etc., chemical pesticides are mainly applied in pest control when pests/diseases occurred in large scale.
2.3.2 Suggestions on improving pest management in the project area