HUMOR AND COMMUNICATION BIBLIOGRAPHY
In Two Parts: Humor & Persuasion, and Humor in Non-Persuasion Situations
K. Neuendorf & J. Eshleman
NOTE: * = Neuendorf has hard copy; (*) = held by CSU Library (many are out-of-print)
HUMOR REFERENCES
PART I: HUMOR AND PERSUASION
*Allyn, Jane, & Festinger, Leon. (1961). The effectiveness of unanticipated persuasive communications. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62:35-40.
Annis, A.D. (1939). The relative effectiveness of cartoons and editorials as propaganda. Psychological Bulletin, 36:628.
*Asher, R., & Sargent, S.S. (1941). Shifts in attitude caused by cartoon caricatures. Journal of General Psychology, 24:451-455.
*Barol, Bill. (1986, December 1). It's a Sedelmaier! At the making of another hilarious TV commercial. Newsweek, 108:69-70.
*Baron, Robert A., & Ball, Rodney L. (1974). The aggression-inhibiting influence of nonhostile humor. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10:23-33.
*Baron, Robert Steven, Baron, Penny H., & Miller, Norman. (1973). The relation between distraction and persuasion. Psychological Bulletin, 80:310-323.
*Behrens, John C. (1986, September). Humorous ideas coupled with effective copy can make a big impression on customers--and even yield some surprising results. American Printer, 197:140, 143.
*Belch, George E., & Belch, Michael A. (1984). An investigation of the effects of repetition on cognitive and affective reactions to humorous and serious television commercials. In Thomas C. Kinnear (Ed.), Advances in consumer research, vol. 11 (pp. 4-10). Chicago: Association for Consumer Research.
*Bender, Lauretta, & Lourie, Reginald S. (1941). The effect of comic books on the ideology of children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 11:540-550.
*Berlo, David K., & Kumata, Hideya. (1956). The investigator: The impact of a satirical radio drama. Journalism Quarterly, 33:287-298.
Brandes, P.D. (1970). The persuasiveness of varying topics of humor. Paper presented to the Speech Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.
Brigham, J.C. (1975). Ethnic humor on television: Does it reduce/reinforce racial prejudice? Proceedings of the American Psychological Association.
*Brinkman, Del. (1968). Do editorial cartoons and editorials change opinions? Journalism Quarterly, 45:724-726.
Brooker, George W. (1981). A comparison of the persuasive effects of mild humor and mild fear appeals. Journal of Advertising, 10(4):29-40.
*Bryant, Jennings, Brown, Dan, Silberberg, Alan R., & Elliott, Scott M. (1981). Effects of humorous illustrations in college textbooks. Human Communication Research, 8:43-57.
*Burma, John H. (1946). Humor as a technique in race conflict. American Sociological Review, 11(Dec.):710-715.
Cantor, Joanne, & Venus, Pat. (1980). The effect of humor on recall of a radio advertisement. Journal of Broadcasting, 24:13-22.
*Chang, Mei-Jung, & Gruner, Charles R. (1981). Audience reaction to self-disparaging humor. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 46:419-426.
Chapman, Antony J., & Crompton, P. (1978). Humorous presentation of material and presentations of humorous material: A review of the humor and memory literature and two experimental studies. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 84-92). London: Academic Press.
(*)Chapman, Antony J., & Foot, H.C. (Eds.). (1976). Humour and laughter: Theory, research and applications. London: John Wiley & Sons.
(*)Chapman, Antony J., & Foot, H.C. (Eds.). (1977). It's a funny thing, humour. Oxford: Pergamon.
Clelend, R.S. (1959). Creative humor in relation to authoritarianism. American Psychologist, 14:375+.
*Coates, Joseph F. (1972, April). Wit and humor: A neglected aid in crowd and mob control. Crime and Delinquency, 18:184-191.
*Collins, Janay. (1985). The effects of advertising repetition, humor and involvement: A laboratory experiment. Unpublished dissertation proposal, Michigan State University.
*Commercials: Humor is elusive ingredient. (1985, August 5). Television/Radio Age, 33:76-77.
*Cooper, Ann. (1985, May 16). Frenetic funnyman: Patrick Kelly won't stop at ads in fervent desire to make you laugh. Advertising Age, 56:5, 9.
*Cooper, Eunice, & Jahoda, Marie. (1947). The evasion of propaganda: How prejudiced people respond to anti-prejudice propaganda. The Journal of Psychology, 23:15-25.
*Dragoti, Stan, Hamburg, Harry, Johnston, Jim, Holtzman, Henry, Meshekoff, Matthew, Kurtz, Bob, Roth, Lewis, & Wotring, Jim. (1986, March 7). The subtle art of humor: What's funny, what's not, and how do you know the difference. (TV commercials.) Back Stage, 27:40, 42, 44, 48.
*Duncan, Calvin P. (1979). Humor in advertising: A behavioral perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 7:285-306.
*Duncan, Calvin P., & Nelson, James E. (1985). Effects of humor in a radio advertising experiment. Journal of Advertising, 14(2):33-40.
*Duncan, Calvin P., Nelson, James E., & Frontczak, Nancy T. (1984). The effect of humor on advertising comprehension. In Thomas C. Kinnear (Ed.), Advances in consumer research, vol. XI (pp. 432-437). Chicago: Association for Consumer Research.
Edell, Julie A., & Burke, Marian C. (1984). The marketing effect of "attitude toward an ad" on ad effectiveness under different processing conditions. In Thomas C. Kinnear (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research (pp. 644-649). Chicago: Association for Consumer Research.
*Festinger, Leon, & Maccoby, Nathan. (1964). On resistence to persuasive communications. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68:359-366. (NOTE: HUMOR NOT STUDIED INTENTIONALLY)
*Flamberg, Daniel Stephen. (1984, October). Humor works: Selling ad space by radio. Folio, 13:244, 226.
Gelb, Betsy D., Hong, Jae W., & Zinkhan, George M. (1985). Communications effects of specific advertising elements: An update. In James H. Leigh & Claude R. Martin, Jr. (Eds.), Current issues and research in advertising (pp. 75-98). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
*Gelb, Betsy D., & Pickett, Charles M. (1983). Attitude-toward-the-ad: Links to humor and to advertising effectiveness. Journal of Advertising, 12(2):34-42.
*Gelb, Betsy D., & Zinkhan, George M. (1985). The effect of repetition on humor in a radio advertising study. Journal of Advertising, 14(4):13-20.
*Gelb, Betsy D., & Zinkhan, George M. (1986). Humor and advertising effectiveness after repeated exposures to a radio commercial. Journal of Advertising, 15(2):15-20, 34.
Gibb, J.D. (1964). An experimental comparison of the humorous lecture and the nonhumorous lecture in informative speaking. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Utah.
*Goodchilds, Jacqueline D. (1959). Effects of being witty on position in the social structure of a small group. Sociometry, 22:261-272.
*Grimes, Wilma H. (1955a). The mirth experience in public address. Speech Monographs, 22:243-255.
*Grimes, Wilma H. (1955b). A theory of humor for public address: The mirth experience. Speech Monographs, 22:217-226.
*Grote, Barbara, & Cvetkovitch, George. (1972). Humor appreciation and issue involvement. Psychonomic Science, 27(4):199-200.
Gruner, Charles R. (1964). An experimental study of the effectiveness of oral satire in modifying attitude. Speech Monographs, 31:231-232.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1965a). An experimental study of satire as persuasion. Speech Monographs, 32:149-153.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1965b). Is wit to humor what rhetoric is to poetic? Central States Speech Journal, 16:17-22.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1966). A further experimental study of satire as persuasion. Speech Monographs, 33:184-185.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1967a). Editorial satire as persuasion: An experiment. Journalism Quarterly, 44:727-730.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1967b). Effect of humor on speaker ethos and audience information gain. Journal of Communication, 17(?):228-233.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1970). The effect of humor in dull and interesting informative speeches. Central States Speech Journal, 21:160-166.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1971). Ad hominem satire as a persuader: An experiment. Journalism Quarterly, 48:128-131.
(*)Gruner, Charles R. (1978). Understanding laughter: The workings of wit and humor. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Company.
*Gruner, Charles R. (1985). Advice to the beginning speaker using humor--what the research tells us. Communication Education, 34:142-147.
*Gruner, Charles R. (19??). Two experiments: Speaker ethos, self-deprecating wit/humor, and audience reaction. Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia.
Gruner, Charles R. (19??). The impact of humor on speaker credibility in funeral eulogies. Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia.
*Gruner, Charles R., & Lampton, William E. (1972). Effects of including humorous material in a persuasive sermon. Southern States Communication Journal, 38:188-196.
Helene, Charles E. (1987). Humor in persuasion: An analysis and proposal toward the development of theory. Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland.
*Henry, George M. (1986, May 19). And now, a gag from our sponsor: Silly TV commercials are driving viewers into a buying frenzy. Time, 127:71, 74.
*Hines, Edna. (1933). Cartoons as a means of social control. Sociology and Social Research, 17:454-464.
Humor sells. (1986, May 15). Bankers Monthly, 103:34+.
*Kelly, J. Patrick, & Solomon, Paul J. (1975). Humor in television advertising. Journal of Advertising, 4(3):31-35.
Kennedy, A.J. (1972). An experimental study of the effect of humorous message content upon ethos and persuasiveness. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Also, paper presented to the Speech Communication Association, New Orleans, LA, 1970.
Kilpela, D.E. (1961). An experimental study of the effects of humor on persuasion. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Wayne State University.
*Kolaja, Jiri. (1953). American magazine cartoons and social control. Journalism Quarterly, 30:71-74.
*LaFave, Lawrence, & Mannell, Roger. (1976). Does ethnic humor serve prejudice? Journal of Communication, 26(3):116-123.
*Lammers, H. Bruce, Leibowitz, Laura, Seymour, George Edw., & Hennessey, Judith E. (1983). Humor and cognitive responses to advertising stimuli: A trace consolidation approach. Journal of Business Research, 11:173-185.
Landy, D., & Mettee, D. (1969). Evaluation of an aggressor as a function of exposure to cartoon humor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12:66-71.
Lazarsfeld, Paul F., & Merton, Robert K. (1943). Studies in radio and film propaganda. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 6:58-79.
*Lindemann, Helmut. (1969). Humour in politics and society. Impact of Science on Society, 19(3):269-277.
Lull, P.E. (1939). An objective study of the effectiveness of humor in persuasive speeches. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
*Lull, P.E. (1940). The effectiveness of humor in persuasive speech. Speech Monographs, 7:26-40.
Lynch, Mervin D., & Hartman, Richard C. (1968). Dimensions of humor in advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 8(Dec.):39-40.
Madden, Thomas J., & Weinberger, Marc G. (1982). The effects of humor on attention in magazine advertising. Journal of the Market Research Society [OR Journal of Advertising, according to Janay's bib.--which is it?], 11(2):8-14. [Duncan & Nelson reference this as Series WP81-19, School of Business Administration, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, pp. 1-18.
Madden, Thomas J., & Weinberger, Marc G. (1984). Humor in advertising: A practitioner's view. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(4):23-29.
Markiewicz, Dorothy. (1972). The effects of humor on persuasion. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.
*Markiewicz, Dorothy. (1974). Effects of humor on persuasion. Sociometry, 37:407-422.
*McGhee, Paul E., & Goldstein, Jeffrey H. (Eds.). (1983). Handbook of humorresearch, vols. I & II. New York: Springer-Verlag.
McGoun, M.A. (1967). An experimental study of the persuasive impact of a satiric editorial and that of a comparable direct editorial. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Nebraska.
*Mettee, David R., Hrelec, Edward S., & Wilkens, Paul C. (1971). Humor as an interpersonal asset and liability. Journal of Social Psychology, 85:51-64.
*Miller, Gerald R., & Bacon, Paula. (1971). Open- and closed-mindedness and recognition of visual humor. Journal of Communication, 21(June):150-159.
*Mitchell, Andrew A., & Olson, Jerry C. (1981). Are product attribute beliefs the only mediator of advertising effects on brand attitude? Journal of Marketing Research, 18:318-332.
*Monica, Corbett. (1971, October 4). Six rules to help you make funny TV commercials. Advertising Age, 42:46+.
*Munn, William C., & Gruner, Charles R. (1981). "Sick" jokes, speaker sex, and informative speech. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 46:411-418.
*Murphy, John H., Cunningham, Isabella C.M., & Wilcox, Gary B. (1979). The impact of program environment on recall of humorous television commercials. Journal of Advertising, 8(?):17-21.
*Nelson, James E. (1987). Comment on "Humor and advertising effectiveness after repeated exposures to a radio commercial." Journal of Advertising, 16(1):63-65.
*Nosanchuck, T.A., & Lightstone, Jack. (1974). Canned laughter and public and private conformity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29:153-156.
*O'Quin, Karen, & Aronoff, Joel. (1981). Humor as a technique of social influence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44:349-357.
*Phillips, Kalman. (1968, May 13). When a funny commercial is good, it's great! Broadcasting, 74:26.
*Pokorny, Gary F., & Gruner, Charles R. (1969). An experimental study of the effect of satire used as support in a persuasive speech. Western Speech, 33:204-211.
*Pollio, Howard R., & Bainum, Charlene Kubo. (1983). Are funny groups good at solving problems? Small Group Behavior, 14:379-404.
*Powell, Larry. (1977). Satirical persuasion and topic salience. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 42:151-162.
*Powell, Larry. (1978). Topic salience and responses to the source of satirical messages. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 44:60-72.
Reid, John Kenneth. (1971). The effect of humor on perceived attractiveness of a speaker. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Oklahoma State University.
*Ruch, Willibald, & Hehl, Franz-Josef. (1986a). Conservatism as a predictor of responses to humour: I. A comparison of four scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(1):1-14.
Ruch, Willibald, & Hehl, Franz Josef. (1986b). Conservatism as a predictor of responses to humour: II. The location of sense of humour in a comprehensive attitude space. Personality and Individual Differences, 7:861-874.
*Salmans, Sandra. (1984, December 23). Jokes with a message. New York Times Book Review, 89:11.
*Schroeder, Anthony B. (1983). The structure of humor in persuasive speaking. Paper presented to the Speech Communication Association, Washington, D.C.
*Shama, Abraham, & Coughlin, Maureen. (1979). An experimental study of the effectiveness of humor in advertising. American Marketing Association, Educator's conference proceedings, Chicago. pp. 249-252.
*Shimp, Terance A. (1981). Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of consumer brand choice. Journal of Advertising, 10(2):9-15,48.
*Smith, Christi McGuffee, & Powell, Larry. (1988). The use of disparaging humor by group leaders. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 53:279-292.
Smith, Ewart E. (1961a). Methods for changing consumer attitudes: A report of three experiments (PRA Report 61-2). Project Report Quartermaster Food & Container Institute for the Armed Forces.
*Smith, Ewart E. (1961b). The power of dissonance techniques to change attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25:626-639.
Stephenson, R.M. (1951). Conflict and control functions of humor. American Journal of Sociology, 56:569-574.
*Sternthal, Brian, & Craig, C. Samuel. (1973). Humor in advertising. Journal of Marketing, 37:12-18.
*Stocking, Holly, & Zillmann, Dolf. (1976). Effects of humorous disparagement of self, friend and enemy. Psychological Reports, 39:455-461.
*Taylor, Pat M. (1964). The effectiveness of humor in informative speaking. Central States Speech Journal, 15:295-296.
*Topper, Judith. (1984, January 13). Selling is no joke: Humor becomes finely honed tool. Back Stage, 25:42, 44, 59.
*Vagnoni, Anthony. (1985, September 20). Humor on the horizon: Hi-tech also looms large. (Television advertising outlook.) Back Stage, 17:1+.
*Vance, Charles M. (1987). A comparative study on the use of humor in the design of instruction. Instructional Science, 16:79-100.
*Volpe, Michael. (1977). The persuasive force of humor: Cicero's defense of Caelius. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 63:311-323.
*Walker, Kelly. (1985, August 12). Here's the beef. Forbes, 136:88.
*Whipple, Thomas W., & Courtney, Alice E. (1981). How men and women judge humor: Advertising guidelines for action and research. Current issues and research in advertising, ??:43-56.
*Wilcox, Gary B., & Moriarty, Sandra E. (1984). Humorous advertising in the Post, 1920-1939. Journalism Quarterly, 61:436-439.
Wilson, G.D. (1973). Conservatism and response to humour. In G.D. Wilson (Ed.), The psychology of conservatism (pp. ??-??). New York: Academic Press.
*Wilson, Glenn D., & Maclean, Alastair. (1974). Personality, attitudes and humor preferences of prisoners and controls. Psychological Reports, 34:847-854.
*Windes, Russel R. Jr. (1961). A study of effective and ineffective presidential campaign speaking. Speech Monographs, 28:39-49.
Youngman, R.C. (1966). An experimental investigation of the effect of germane humor versus non-germane humor in informative communication. Unpublished masters thesis, Ohio University.
Zeman, J.V. (1967). An experimental study of the persuasive effects of satire in a speech presented to a high school audience. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Nebraska.
*Zimbardo, Philip G., Weisenberg, Matisyohu, Firestone, Ira, & Levy, Burton. (1965). Communicator effectiveness in producing public conformity and private attitude change. Journal of Personality, 33:233-255.
*Zinkhan, George M., & Gelb, Betsy D. (1987). Humor and advertising effectiveness reexamined. Journal of Advertising, 16(1):66-67.
*Ziv, Avner. (1976). Facilitating effects of humor on creativity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68:318-322.
HUMOR REFERENCES
PART II: HUMOR IN NON-PERSUASION SITUATIONS
Adams, Elizabeth R., & McGuire, Francis A. (1986). Is laughter the best medicine? A study of the effects of humor on perceived pain and affect. Special issue: Therapeutic activities with the impaired elderly. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 8:157-175.
*Agee, James. (1972). Comedy's greatest era. In William M. Hammel (Ed.), The popular arts in America: A reader (pp. 105-122). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Allen, LaRue, & Zigler, Edward. (1986). Humor in children: A nonverbal humor test. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 7:267-276.
(*)Allen, Melanie. (1977). The use and abuse of humour in the world of the family: Current trends in America. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (pp. 159-160). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
*Allen, Steve, with Wollman, Jane. (1987). How to be funny. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Alston, J.P., & Platt, L.A. (1969). Religious humor: A longitudinal content analysis of cartoons. Sociological Analysis, 30:217-222.
Aman, R. (1984/85). Kakologia: A chronicle of nasty riddles and naughty word-plays. Maledicta, 8:203-230.
Andrew, R.J. (1965). The origins of facial expressions. Scientific American, 213:88-94.
Andrus, T.D. (1946). A study of laugh patterns in the theatre. Speech Monographs, 13:114.
Apte, Mahadev L. (1985). Humor and laughter: An anthropological approach. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
*Apte, Mahadev L. (1987). Ethnic humor versus "sense of humor": An American sociocultural dilemma. ABS: American Behavioral Scientist, 30(3):27-41.
(*)Apter, Michael J., & Smith, K.C.P. (1977). Humour and the theory of psychological reversals. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (pp. 95-100). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
(*)Athey, Chris. (1977). Humour in children related to Piaget's theory of intellectual development. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (pp. 215-218). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
(*)Atkin, John R. (1977). A designed locale for laughter to reinforce community bonds. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (p. 463). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Babington, Bruce. (1989). Affairs to remember: The Hollywood comedy of the sexes. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Bainum, Charlene Kubo, Lounsbury, K.R., & Pollio, Howard R. (1984). The development of laughing and smiling in nursery school children. Child Development, ??:??-??.
Barcus, F.E. (1961). A content analysis of trends in Sunday comics. Journalism Quarterly, 38:171-180.
(*)Bariaud, Francoise. (1977). Comprehension and emotional adhesion in the genetics of humour. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (pp. 229-232). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Barron, M.L. (1950). A content analysis of intergroup humor. American Sociological Review, 15:88-94.
Barshay, Robert. (1977). Black humour in the modern cartoon. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (pp. 57-60). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Bateson, Gregory. (1953). The role of humor in human communication. In H. von Foerster (Ed.), Cybernetics (pp. ??-??). New York: Macey Foundation.
Bateson, Gregory. (1969). The position of humour in human communication. In J. Levine (Ed.), Motivation in humour (pp. ??-??). New York: Atherton Press.
*Bateson, Gregory. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. New York: Ballantine Books. (?????CHECK TITLE.)
Belk, Russell W. (1987). Material values in the comics: A content analysis of comic books featuring themes of wealth. Journal of Consumer Research, 14:26-42.
*Bellamy, Robert V., McDonald, Daniel G., & Walker, James R. (1990). The spin-off as television program form and strategy. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 34:283-297.
Bender, J.H. (1963, Spring). The outlook for editorial cartooning. Journalism Quarterly, 40:175-180.
Berger, Arthur Asa. (1973). The comic stripped American. New York:
Walker and Company.
*Berger, Arthur Asa. (1976). Anatomy of the joke. Journal of Communication, 26(3):113-115.
(*)Berger, Arthur Asa. (1977). Humour as a system of communication. In Antony J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It's a funny thing, humour (p. 403). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
*Berger, Arthur Asa. (1987a). Humor: An introduction. ABS: American Behavioral Scientist, 30(3):3-5.
*Berger, Arthur Asa (Ed). (1987b). Humor, the psyche, and society. ABS: American Behavioral Scientist, 30(3).
Bergler, Edmund. (1956). Laughter and the sense of humor. New York: Intercontinental Medical Books.
Berkowitz, Leonard. (1970). Aggressive humor as a stimulus to aggressive responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16: 710-717.
Berlyne, D.E. (1960). Conflict, arousal and curiosity. New York: McGraw Hill.
*Berlyne, D.E. (1969). Laughter, humor, and play. In Gardner Lindzey & Elliot Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology, second edition (pp. 795-852). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
(*)Berlyne, Daniel E. (1972). Humor and its kin. In Jeffrey H. Goldstein & Paul E. McGhee (Eds.), The psychology of humor: Theoretical perspectives and empirical issues (pp. 43-60). New York: Academic Press.
Bier, Jesse. (1968). The rise and fall of American humor. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Bihrle, Amy M., Brownell, Hiram H., & Powelson, John A. (1986). Comprehension of humorous and nonhumorous materials by left and right brain-damaged patients. Brain and Cognition, 5:399-411.