Human Population Dynamics

Human Population Dynamics

Human Population Dynamics (25 points)

Student Materials

The human population has existed for a little more than 500,000 years. About 10,000 years ago, the total human population was about 3 million people, most of them hunters and gatherers. The development of early agriculture provided a stable supply of food and as a result the human population increased rapidly and reached one billion (1,000,000,000) in 1840. The development of technology and medicine in the 20th century reduced the death rate and increased the growth rate even further. Despite these advances, human population growth differs dramatically country by country. Your task is to compare the population dynamics in a developed country and a developing country using the parameters outlined below.

Interpreting Population Data

  • Study the population profiles for India or Kenya, Japan or US.
  1. List twodifferences between the 2005population profiles of one developed country and one developing country described in the film. (Example: The oldest age group in Kenya is the 80 year-old group, but the oldest age group in the US is the 95 year-old group.)
  2. List two changesin the population of the developingcountry from 2005 to those projected to 2025.
  3. List two changes in the population of the developed country from 2005 to those projected in 2025.
  • What factors affect population changes (THINK of the factors they talked about in the video “World in the Balance”)?
  1. Describe two factors that may contribute to the changes in the human population from 2005-2025 in the developingcountry.
  2. Describe two factors that may contribute to the changes in the human population from 2005-2025 in the developed country.
  3. Propose one technological advance that might affect the change in the human population from 2005 to 2025 in one of the countries. Is the advancement of technology a positive or negative influence on population dynamics? What is your evidence?

India
Demographic Indicators / 2009 / 1995 / 2005 / 2015 / 2025
Population
Midyear population(in thousands) / 1,156,898 / 920,585 / 1,090,973 / 1,251,696 / 1,396,046
Growth rate(percent) / 1.4 / 1.9 / 1.5 / 1.2 / 1.0
Fertility
Total fertility rate(births per woman) / 2.7 / 3.4 / 2.8 / 2.5 / 2.3
Crude birth rate(per 1,000 population) / 22 / 28 / 23 / 20 / 17
Births(in thousands) / 25,128 / 25,970 / 25,507 / 24,471 / 23,719
Mortality
Life expectancy at birth(years) / 66 / 60 / 65 / 68 / 71
Infant mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 51 / 75 / 58 / 42 / 30
Under 5 mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 70 / 109 / 81 / 56 / 39
Crude death rate(per 1,000 population) / 8 / 10 / 8 / 7 / 7
Deaths(in thousands) / 8,792 / 8,819 / 8,695 / 9,162 / 10,191
Migration
Net migration rate(per 1,000 population) / -0 / -0 / -0 / -0 / -0
Net number of migrants(in thousands) / -58 / -74 / -55 / -50 / -56

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base.

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Kenya
Demographic Indicators / 2009 / 1995 / 2005 / 2015 / 2025
Population
Midyear population(in thousands) / 39,003 / 27,124 / 34,912 / 44,753 / 51,261
Growth rate(percent) / 2.7 / 2.5 / 2.7 / 1.8 / 1.1
Fertility
Total fertility rate(births per woman) / 4.6 / 4.8 / 5.0 / 3.3 / 2.2
Crude birth rate(per 1,000 population) / 37 / 36 / 40 / 26 / 19
Births(in thousands) / 1,429 / 979 / 1,403 / 1,179 / 968
Mortality
Life expectancy at birth(years) / 58 / 56 / 53 / 61 / 63
Infant mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 55 / 73 / 61 / 48 / 37
Under 5 mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 80 / 108 / 90 / 69 / 53
Crude death rate(per 1,000 population) / 10 / 11 / 12 / 8 / 8
Deaths(in thousands) / 379 / 287 / 419 / 367 / 404
Migration
Net migration rate(per 1,000 population) / 0 / -1 / -1 / 0 / 0
Net number of migrants(in thousands) / 0 / -24 / -39 / 0 / 0

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base.

Japan
Demographic Indicators / 2009 / 1995 / 2005 / 2015 / 2025
Population
Midyear population(in thousands) / 127,079 / 125,341 / 127,537 / 124,719 / 117,816
Growth rate(percent) / -0.2 / 0.2 / 0.0 / -0.4 / -0.7
Fertility
Total fertility rate(births per woman) / 1.2 / 1.4 / 1.3 / 1.3 / 1.4
Crude birth rate(per 1,000 population) / 8 / 10 / 8 / 7 / 7
Births(in thousands) / 971 / 1,207 / 1,083 / 864 / 799
Mortality
Life expectancy at birth(years) / 82 / 80 / 82 / 83 / 83
Infant mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 3 / 4 / 3 / 3 / 3
Under 5 mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 4 / 6 / 4 / 4 / 3
Crude death rate(per 1,000 population) / 10 / 7 / 8 / 11 / 14
Deaths(in thousands) / 1,212 / 926 / 1,076 / 1,389 / 1,615
Migration
Net migration rate(per 1,000 population) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Net number of migrants(in thousands) / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base.

United States
Demographic Indicators / 2009 / 1995 / 2005 / 2015 / 2025
Population
Midyear population(in thousands) / 307,212 / 266,557 / 295,561 / 325,540 / 357,452
Growth rate(percent) / 1.0 / N/A / 0.9 / 1.0 / 0.9
Fertility
Total fertility rate(births per woman) / 2.1 / N/A / N/A / 2.1 / 2.1
Crude birth rate(per 1,000 population) / 14 / N/A / 14 / 14 / 13
Births(in thousands) / 4,249 / N/A / 4,138 / 4,470 / 4,726
Mortality
Life expectancy at birth(years) / 78 / N/A / N/A / 79 / 80
Infant mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 6 / N/A / N/A / 6 / 5
Under 5 mortality rate(per 1,000 births) / 8 / N/A / N/A / 7 / 5
Crude death rate(per 1,000 population) / 8 / N/A / 8 / 8 / 9
Deaths(in thousands) / 2,574 / N/A / 2,447 / 2,728 / 3,088
Migration
Net migration rate(per 1,000 population) / 4 / N/A / 3 / 4 / 4
Net number of migrants(in thousands) / 1,327 / N/A / 978 / 1,387 / 1,576