/
  • Textbook --> pp.436 - 439

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  1. What three major factors did the United States have going for it that generated the great technological boom of the late 19c to early 20c?
  2. How did the availability of many key raw materials influence late 19c industrialization?
  3. Why did steel change the face of the nation at the turn of the last century?
  4. Why was Thomas A. Edison nicknamed the "Wizard of Menlo Park?"
  5. How did electricity transform American life?
  6. Why was their such an explosion of inventions and patents in the late 19c?
  7. How did all of these new inventions affect the nation's workers? American business? Everyday life in late 19c America?

/ * "black gold" / * Thomas Alva Edison
* Edwin L. Drake / * George Westinghouse
* Titusville, PA / * Christopher Sholes
* Bessemer process / * Alexander Graham Bell
* Brooklyn Bridge
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  • Textbook --> pp.442- 446.

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  1. Most laborers employed by the railroad companies came from what ethnic groups? What were their working conditions like?
  2. What were the pros and cons of railroad expansion in the last half of the 19c?
  3. Professor C. F. Dowd resolved what major transportation problem for the railroads?
  4. How was the development of industry affected by the railroads?
  5. Why did the residents of the Pullman company town resent the Pullman Car Company?
  6. How did railroad owners use the CréditMobilier Company to make huge, undeserved profits?
  7. What were the Grange Laws? How did the railroads fight back and challenge these laws?
  8. How did the Supreme Court ruling of Munn v. IL (1887) create an important legal precedent regarding the relationship between the federal government and private business?
  9. What legal principle was reestablished by the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act?

/ * "Iron Horse" / * Granger Laws
* Professor C. F. Dowd / *Munn v. IL (1887)
* Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
* Interstate Commerce
Commission [ICC]
* George M. Pullman / * Cornelius Vanderbilt
* company town / * J. P. Morgan & Co.
*CréditMobilier
/
  • Textbook --> pp.447-455.
  • Excerpts from Andrew Carnegie's "The Gospel of Wealth."

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  1. What were Andrew Carnegie's management techniques?
  2. Define the terms vertical integration and horizontal integration and explain the distinctions between the two.
  3. What is the origin of the philosophy of Social Darwinism? How did it affect late 19c economic and political policies?
  4. Who was Horatio Alger? What were the main themes of his writing?
  5. How was Andrew Carnegie's life a symbol of the American success story?
  6. What strategies enabled big business to eliminate competition?
  7. How did John D. Rockefeller take a different approach to business consolidation from the approach taken by Andrew Carnegie?
  8. Explain the ideal of the "Gospel of Wealth." How was it applied by the "robber barons" of the late 19c?
  9. Could Bill Gates of Microsoft be considered a 21c "robber baron?" Defend your position.
  10. What was the key flaw in the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?
  11. How did economic factors limit industrialization in the post-Reconstruction South?

/ * Andrew Carnegie / * monopoly
* mogul / * holding company
* U. S. Steel / * John D. Rockefeller
* vertical integration / * trust
* horizontal integration / * "robber baron"
* Social Darwinism / * Standard Oil Co. of Ohio
* Herbert Spencer / * philanthropy
* William Graham Sumner / * Gospel of Wealth
* Horatio Alger / * Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
* oligopoly / * Ida Tarbell