U.S. History 1865 to the present

2014 SOL Review Packet

GEOGRAPHY

How did people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains change after the Civil War?

  • People saw the Great Plains not as a “______” but as a ______.

Number / What State? / What Region?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Match the significant city to the correct state:

  1. _____ New Mexico a. Chicago
  2. _____ Washingtonb. St. Louis
  3. _____ Hawaiic. Pittsburgh
  4. _____ Georgiad. Denver
  5. _____ Louisianae. Seattle
  6. _____ Coloradof. Santa Fe
  7. _____ Alaskag. Salt Lake City
  8. _____ Illinoish. Detroit
  9. _____ Michigani. San Francisco
  10. _____ Utahj. Honolulu
  11. _____ Missourik. Boston
  12. _____ Californial. Juneau
  13. _____ Texasm. San Antonio
  14. _____ Massachusettsn. Atlanta
  15. _____ Pennsylvaniao. New Orleans

RECONSTRUCTION ended in ______(year)

Racial segregation:

Based upon ______

Directed primarily against ______, but other groups were also segregated

  • “______” were passed to ______against ______
  • These laws made ______practices legal in many communities and states by the 1896 court case called ______v ______.
  • Characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, government

Explain the following amendments:

  • 13th
  • 14th
  • 15th

African Americans could now hold public office. Which group was banned from this?

Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

What was the Freedman’s Bureau?

Who were the carpetbaggers?

What were the black codes?

Who left the south when Reconstruction ended?

How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow laws?”

Booker T. Washington

/ Believed:
W.E.B. DuBois / Believed:

Who said preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South?

This man urged Southerners to reconcile and later became president of Washington College?

Explain Frederick Douglass’ contribution to reconstruction?

WESTWARD EXPANSION

Interaction and conflict occurred between different cultural groups (mainly Native Americans)

Reservations—the United States forced Native Americans to give up ______

______.

Battle of ______, ______, ______are all examples of opposition by Native Americans to westward expansion.

______said, “…I will fight no more forever.”

Explain the significance of the Battle of Wounded Knee.

Tell me why…
Westward expansion happened?
  • L

  • A

  • R

  • G

  • E

Practice Questions:

IMMIGRATION

Certain groups of immigrants were discriminated against (helped build the Transcontinental RR):

______(prevented from immigrating by the Exclusion act of 1882)

______

What are three challenges that immigrants faced upon their arrival to the cities of America?

Efforts to solve these problems were :

Settlement Houses – define:

Example: Hull House founded by ______--POSITIVE)

Groups that gained power by helping new immigrants (promised to get them jobs and housing) were called ______. Were they positive or negative? ______

Tell me why…
There was increased immigration from 1880-1920?
  • H

  • E

  • A

  • R

Where were immigrants coming from during the third wave of immigration (1880-1920)?

INDUSTRIALIZATION

How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?

Tell me why…
Cities developed?
  • Specialized ______including ______(Pittsburgh) and meat packing (______)

  • Immigration from ______(SEE).

  • Movement of Americans from ______to ______areas for job opportunities.
  • Define rural:
  • Define urban:

What 2 inventions contributed to great change and industrial growth?

______(Thomas Edison)

  • Allowed machines to be built to do jobs that were previously done by hand. This is called ______.
  • Allowed factories and other businesses to be open later when it was dark

Telephone service (invented by ______)

Big Business
Reasons for the rise in big business / Factors causing the growth of industry
  • National markets created by ______advances
/
  • Access to _____ materials and energy

  • Captains of Industry
  • ______—oil
  • ______—steel
  • ______--automobile
  • ______- railroads
/
  • Availability of ______(immigrants)

  • ______
/
  • ______

  • Lower-cost production
/
  • Financial resources

  • Could quickly reach someone over a ______

PROGRESSIVE ERA

How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?


ROARING 20’S

Why did African Americans migrate to northern cities?

Great Migration North

______for African Americans in the South were scarce and low paying.
African Americans faced ______and violence in the South
African Americans moved to ______cities in search of better ______opportunities
______also faced discrimination and violence in the North, but not as much

Who were the leaders in art, literature, and music? What were their contributions? (USII 5c)

Cultural Icons / Harlem Renaissance
Art—Georgia O’Keeffe was known for: / Art—______painter who chronicled the experiences of the ______North.
Literature—______was a novelist who wrote about the Jazz Age.
______portrayed the strength of the migrant workers during the 1930s. / Literature—______, a poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots.
Music - Aaron ______and George ______composed uniquely American music. / Music—______and ______were jazz composers. ______was a blues singer. Their popularity spread to the rest of society.

How was social and economic life in the early twentieth century different from that of the

late nineteenth century?

IMPERIALISM

Spanish-American War

Reasons for the war / Results of the war
  • Protection of American ______in Cuba (sugar)
/
  • The United States emerged as a ______.

  • American support of Cuban rebels to gain ______from ______
/
  • ______gained independence from Spain.

  • Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the ______in Havana Harbor
/
  • The United States gained possession of the ______, ______, and ______. (POP ROCKS GO POP)

  • Exaggerated ______of events (yellow journalism)

Explain the three points of Roosevelt Corollary:

Allies / Central Powers

WORLD WAR I

GREAT DEPRESSION

Great Depression

The Great Depression

Causes

/ Effects

The New Deal

How did the U.S. get out of the Great Depression?

What is a Hooverville? Why is it called that?

Define the following terms:

  • Margin/Credit
  • Pension
  • Relief
  • Federal Reserve
    WORLD WAR II

How did post-World War I Europe set the stage for World War II?

What are the causes for World War II?

1.
2.
3.
4.

How did the rise of fascism affect world events following World War I?

How did American policy toward events in Europe and Asia change over time?

War in the Pacific
  • Rising tension developed between the U.S. and ______because of Japanese aggression in East Asia.

  • On ______, Japan attacked the U.S. at ______without warning.

  • The United States declared war on ______.

  • ______declared war on the United States.

What were the major events and turning points of World War II? (USII 6b)

1. Germany invaded ______, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.
2. Germany invaded ______, capturing Paris.
3. Germany bombed London and the Battle of ______began.
4. The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean. This is called ______.
5. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
6. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, ______declared war on the United States.
7. The United States declared war on Japan and Germany.
8. The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of ______. This victory was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.
9. Germany invaded ______. The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.
10. American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on ______to begin the liberation of Western Europe.
11. The United States dropped 2 ______on Japan (Hiroshima and ______) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending WWII.
What was the Holocaust?

How did Americans at home support the war effort?

  • American involvement in World War II brought an end to the ______

  • Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war.

  • Thousands of American ______took jobs in defense plants during the war (Rosie the Riveter)

  • Americans at home supported the war by conserving and ______resources.

What effect did the war have on race relations in America?

POST WWII

What contributed to the prosperity of Americans following World War II? (UII 7b)

Reasons for rapid growth of American economy following World War II
  • With rationing of consumer goods over, businesses converted from production of ______to ______.

  • Americans purchased goods on ______.

  • The workforce shifted back to men, and most women returned to ______.

  • Labor unions merged and became more powerful; workers gained ______and higher ______.

  • As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women reentered the labor force in large numbers.

How did the United States help rebuild postwar Europe and Japan?

Rebuilding efforts
  • The US instituted the ______Plan to rebuild Europe, which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of ______.

  • Germany was portioned into East and West Germany. West Germany became ______and resumed self-government after a few years of American, British, and French occupation. East Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union promoted ______.

  • Following its defeat, ______was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self-government, and became a strong ally of the United States.

COLD WAR

How and why did the Cold War begin? (USII 7c)

Origins of the Cold War
  • Differences in goals and ideologies between the ______and the ______(the 2 superpowers)—The US was democratic and ______; the Soviet Union was dictatorial and ______

  • The Soviet Union’s domination over Eastern European countries

  • American policy of ______(to stop the spread of communism)

  • ______(NATO) vs the ______Pact

How did Cold War tensions cause divisiveness at home?
Major conflicts in the post-World War II era
  • South Korea and the ______resisted ______and North Korean aggression. The conflict ended in a ______.

  • The ______occurred when the Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba. The Soviets removed the missiles in response to a ______.

  • The US intervened to stop the spread of communism into South Vietnam (Domino Theory). Americans were divided over whether the US should be involved militarily in Vietnam. The conflict ended in a cease-fire agreement in which US troops withdrew.

How did communism collapse in Europe?How were the challenges after the

Cold War different from earlier challenges?

What factors led to changing patterns of society in the post-World War II era? (USII 7d)

Factors leading to changing patterns in US society
Strong economy (healthy job market, increased productivity, increased demand for American products)
Greater investment in ______(to compete with Russia in the space race)
“The Baby ______” which lead to changing demographics
Interstate highway system- credit given to President ______
Evolving role of ______(expected to play supporting role in the family, but increasingly working outside the home)
Role of ______(former first lady) in expanding women’s rights during the 40s and 50s
African Americans’ aspirations for equal opportunities
Changes in make-up of immigrants after 1965- The majority of immigrants are now ______and ______

CIVIL RIGHTS

What policies and programs expanded educational and employment opportunities for the military, women, and minorities?
  • G.I. Bill of Rights gave educational, ______, and employment benefits to ______veterans

  • ______desegregated the armed forces

  • Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities.

What were some effects of segregation on American society?
  • Separate ______for white and African American students

  • Separate ______(restaurants, restrooms)

  • Social isolation of races

How were women disadvantaged in the workplace and what actions were taken to improve conditions for them?

How did the African American struggle for equality become a mass movement?
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
  • Opposition to ______v. ______ (separate but equal)

  • ______v. ______of Education (desegregation of schools)

  • Martin Luther King, Jr. (______resistance against segregated facilities; “I have a dream…” speech)

  • Rosa Parks (______bus boycott)

  • Organized protests, ______Riders, sit-ins, marches

  • Expansion of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (______)

  • ______Act of 1964

  • Voting Rights Act of ______