Biology I EQT Study Guide
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of what organelle?A cell will swell when placed in what type of solution?
About twelve to twenty-four hours after the previous meal, a person’s blood-sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood, though it may rise to 130 mg/100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates. The fact that the blood-sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body’s ability to carry out what process?
Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which cellular organelle would this process occur?
Be able to discuss similarities and difference in cell organelles
Given a diagram be able to identify cell organelles and their functions.
Given a diagram be able to identify hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic reaction around a cell.
Given a diagram be able to identify osmosis and diffusion.
Given a diagram of cells, be able to determine which are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes.
How are ribosomes different from other organelles found in eukaryotic cells?
How are the vacuoles of a plant cell different from the vacuoles of an animal cell?
How does active transport differ from passive transport?
In a cell, where are proteins made?
Locomotion of certain cells is accomplished by long, threadlike organelles called what?
Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane are transported into the cell through what process?
Most of the food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through what type of organic molecule in the cell membrane?
Of the following eukaryotic cells: tree, fungi, moss, and animal, which types of cells have a cell wall?
Osmosis is a type of what kind of transport?
Phospholipids are molecules that form the lipid bilayer of which important cell part: nucleus, centriole, microfilament, or cell membrane?
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. What is this space called?
Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are nonmotile. Which cellular structures are associated with movement?
The dispersal of food coloring in a beaker of water is an example of what process?
What are carbohydrates and lipids able to store in their bonds?
What is a cell that contains a nucleus called?
What is a structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function called?
What is one advantage of electron microscopes over light microscopes?
What is one significant difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the diffusion of water into or out of a cell called?
What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus called?
What is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?
What is the name of the carbohydrate found in cell walls that provides structural support for plants?
What is the process of the cell ridding itself of materials by discharging the materials in vesicles?
What is the structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell?
Which organic compound is the main source of energy for living things?
Who was the scientist who first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope?
Study the diagram below. Which arrow shows the direction the solute molecules would move to achieve homeostasis?
A. C.
B. D.
Study the diagram below. A potato slice is placed in salt water in beaker 1. A similar potato slice is placed in distilled (pure) water in beaker 2. The potato in beaker 1 will get smaller. The potato in beaker 2 will get larger. Which statement explains the movement of water across cell membranes in one of the potato slices?
A. Water will move into the potato cells in beaker 1.
B. Water will move out of the potato cells in beaker 1.
C. Water will move out the potato cells in beaker 2.
D. Water will not move out of or into the cells of either potato.
Study the diagram below. Which arrow shows the direction the water molecules would move to achieve homeostasis?
A. C.
B. D.
Which organic compound is the chief (main) source of energy for living things?
A. / carbohydrates C. nucleic acids
B. / amino acids D. proteins
What cell organelle is made of a lipid bilayer?
A. nucleus C. microfilament
B. centriole D. cell membrane
Structure 1 is a mitochondrion and structure 2 is a chloroplast? What are the similarities and differences between organelles 1 and 2?
A. Both are organelles, but 1 conducts respiration while 2 conducts photosynthesis.
B Both are organelles, but 1 conducts photosynthesis while 2 conducts respiration.
C Neither are organelles, but 1 conducts respiration while 2 conducts photosynthesis.
D Neither are organelles, but 1 conducts photosynthesis while 2 conducts respiration.
Structure 1 is a nucleolus and structure 2 is a nucleus. What are the differences between structures 1 and 2?
A. Ribosomes are produced in structure 1, and DNA is stored in structure 2.
B. DNA is stored in structure 1, and ribosomes are produced in structure 2. C. RNA is stored in structure 1, and DNA is stored in structure 2.
D. DNA is stored in structure 1, and RNA is stored in structure 2.
Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, while others are attached to what organelle?
A. Golgi apparatus C. endoplasmic reticulum
B. chromosomes D. nucleus
Study the table below. Which student correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from smooth endoplasmic reticulum in which of the following ways?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is folded and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not.
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has a double membrane and smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not. C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached and smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not.
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains DNA and smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not.
Which cell organelle is present in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
A. nucleus C. chloroplast
B. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus
The nuclear envelope is similar to the cell membrane in which of the following ways?
A. Both are made of cellulose C. Both are selectively permeable
B. Both contain DNA D. Both regulate cell activities
Cell A is a plant cell and Cell B is an animal cell. Which of the following would be present in the cell A but not in cell B?
Cell A Cell B
I chloroplast
II cell wall
III large central vacuole
A. I only C. II only
B. I and III only D. I, II, and III
Which scientist first used the term cell?
A. Schleiden C. Hooke
B. Schwann D. Virchow
Refer to the illustration below. Structure E is a chloroplast and structure F is a vacuole. How is structure E different from structure F?
A. Structure E makes proteins while structure F stores water and nutrients.
B. Structure E stores nutrients while structure F makes energy.
C. Structure E makes sugar from sunlight while structure F stores nutrients and water.
D. Structure E makes sugar from sunlight while structure F is involved in mitosis.
Who was the scientist who first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope?
A. van Leeuwenhoek C. Hooke
B. Schleiden D. Schwann
Refer to the illustration below. Structure F is a mitochondrion and structure H is a ribosome. How is structure F different from structure H?
A. Structure F is the site of ATP production while structure H is the site of protein production.
B. Structure F makes energy while structure H stores nutrients.
C. Structure F stores nutrients and water while structure H makes sugar from sunlight.
D. Structure F is involved in mitosis while structure H controls the cell.
What is one significant difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes
B. mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes
C. Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes
D. prokaryotes do not have a nucleus
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of what organelle?
A. chromosome C. mitochondrion
B. vacuole D. lysosome
Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane in all cells?
A. producing cellular nutrients C. preserving cellular waste
B. neutralizing cellular waste D. maintaining homeostasis
What cell organelle would be present large numbers in a plant cell involved in glucose production?
A. mitochondrion C. chloroplast
B. lysosome D. ribosome
Refer to the illustration below. Structure 3 is a mitochrodrion and structure 5 is a Golgi apparatus. How is structure 3 different from structure 5?
A. Structure 3 provides energy for the cell and structure 5 attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins.
B. Structure 3 controls most cell processes and structure 5 is the site of protein synthesis.
C. Structure 3 is the site of protein synthesis and structure 5 controls most cell processes.
D. Structure 3 attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins and structure 5 produces ATP.
Refer to the illustration below. Structure 1 is the endoplasmic reticulum and structure 2 is the nucleus. How is structure 1 different from structure 2?
A. Structure 1 provides energy for the cell and structure 2 attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins.
B. Structure 1 controls most cell processes and structure 2 is the site of protein synthesis.
C. Structure 1 is the site of protein synthesis and structure 2 produces ATP.
D. Structure 1 is where the components of the cell membrane are assembled and structure 2 controls most cell
processes.
Refer to the figure below. Structure X is the cell wall and structure Z is the cell membrane. Which of the following is an important difference between structure X and structure Z?
A. Structure X is selectively permeable while structure Z is not.
B. Structure X contains lipids while structure Z does not.
C. Structure X provides support and protection while structure Z controls movement of substances into and out of the cell.
D. Structure X controls movement of substances into and out of the cell while structure Z provides support and protection.
Study the cell below. Which cellular structures are involved in synthesizing and packaging protein? Structure 1 is a cell membrane. Structure 2 is a Golgi apparatus. Structure 3 is a mitochondrion. Structure 4 is a ribosome.
A. 2 packages protein and 3 synthesizes protein. C. 2 packages protein and 4 synthesizes protein.
B. 1 packages protein and 3 synthesizes protein. D. 4 packages protein and 1 synthesizes protein.
From the figures below, which organism moves by means of cilia?
A. A C. C
B. B D. A & B
From the figures below, which organism moves by means of pseudopodia?
A. A C. C
B. B D. A & B
Describe the following relationships found in ecosystems: mutualism, parasitism, commensalism
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
Describe water’s properties of cohesion and adhesion.
What types of cells would need many mitochondria?
Based on the concentrations of a cell and a solution, be able to determine how solute particles and water would move and the effects that movement would have on a cell.
Be able to calculate the total magnification of a microscope.
Be able to identify and describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Describe the differences in the chromosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Describe the structure of the cell membrane, including the following: phospholipids (Lipid bilayer), polar heads, non-polar tails, carrier proteins, channel proteins, integral proteins, peripheral proteins and ion pumps.
Describe how energy availability changes at each trophic level.
Describe and give examples of biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. Explain what happens to the amount of available energy as one travels up an energy pyramid.
Be able to draw food chains and food webs.
Be able to answer questions about diagrams of the water, nitrogen and carbon cycles.
Describe the relationship between species, populations, communities and ecosystems.
Be able to identify food chains, food webs, energy pyramids and biomass pyramids.
Be able to identify the producers, 1st level (primary) consumers, 2nd level (secondary) consumers, 3rd level (tertiary) consumers and decomposers in food webs and energy pyramids.
Describe the structure, functions and examples of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
· Make sure to identify the monomers that create each.
Explain how a pH scale works.
Give the three parts to the cell theory.
Define the following terms: consumer, producer, decomposer, detritivore, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, heterotroph and autotroph.
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