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HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
PAPER2
MARKING SCHEME
- Give 2 shortcomings of oral traditions as a source of information in history
-Information may be exaggerated by the informant
-Some information may be forgotten
-Biasness from dormant groups e.g. leaders
-It is difficult to give correct dates and chronology
-It is time consuming
-It is expensive
2x1=2mks
- State any 2 methods of hunting used by early man
-Chasing the wild animals
-Trapping animals
-Chasing animals towards muddy/ swampy places
-Throwing stones to them/ to entangle them
-Digging holes to make them fall into2x1=2mks
- State 2 roles of bronze in Benin during the pre-colonial period
-Making weapons
-Used for making ornaments/ decoration
-Used as currency
-Used for making statues, rogues of kings, gods
-Used as an item of trade2x1=2mks
- Mention any 4 advantages of using coal as a source of energy during the industrial revolution period
-It was cheap
-It was available in large quantities
-More efficient than other sources of energy
-Burnt for long hours
2x1=2mks
- In what ways did the land enclosure system in Britain contribute to the Agrarian revolution in North America
-Those forced to migrate to America introduced new farming methods
-The immigrants were determined to succeed in agriculture in North America
-The immigrants provided labour
-The immigrants introduced new crops1x1=1mk
- Identify the main commodity obtained from West Africa during the Trans-Saharan Trade
-Gold1x1=1mk
- What was the main factor that led to the growth of Johnnesburg city
-Due to mining of gold1x1=1mk
- One main reason why drum beats were effectively used at dawn was?
-Because of calmness/ could be heard easily
1x1=1mk
- Give 2 essentials of representative democracy
-There should be regular elections
-People to express their approval or disapproval through voting
-Allow universal human suffrage
-Elections be free and fair
-People supremacy should prevail2x1=2mks
- Identify 2 reasons why indirect rule was unsuccessful in southern of Nigeria
-Lack of centralized indigenous systems
-Opposition from educated elites
-Communication barriers between British superiors, warrant chiefs and the people
-Lack of homogeneity in the South
-The British annoyed people by introducing new ideas e.g. forced labor, taxes
-Failure of British administrators to understand social and political system of the people
Any 2x1=2mks
- Name 2 founders of Pan African movement
-Markws garrey
-W.D. Bois
-Mank-Silvester Williams
-George Padmore
-Brooker Washington
2x1=2nks
- Differentiate between written and unwritten constitution
-Written constitution is contained in one formal document, while unwritten is contained in several documents
1x1=1mk
- Mention any 2 ways in which blockading of the sea lanes disadvantaged the central powers during the first world war
-Blockading the sea denied the central powers essential supplies e.g. food, equipment, troops and raw materials
-Blockading the sea meant the central powers could not move/ poor transportation
-Central powers could not utilize the navy
2x1=2mks
- What is the main political challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo in post colonial period
-Political instability/ coup de tats
- Name 1 country which has Veto power in the united Nations security council
-USA
-Britain
-France
-China
-Russia1x1=1mk
16What is the main role of ECOMOG in west Africa
-To promote peace by posting peace keeping forces to any affected member country
1x1=1mk
17 Give 2 challenges that faced the FRELIMO party in the struggle for independence in Mozambique
-Shortage of food and clothes
-No external assistance
-Negative attitude by the Catholic Church
2x1=2mks
SECTION B
18a)Identify any 3 reasons why man began the domestication of crops
-To ensure reliable food supply
-Development of farming tools
-Climate changes
-Increase in population
-Competition between man and predators
-Natural disasters
-Decrease of crops
Any3x1=3mks
b)Explain any 6 effects of early agriculture in Egypt
-Improved agriculture led to increased food production
-Settled life
-Increased food production improved living standards
-Surplus production led to increased trading activities
-Promoted specialization e.g. tool making, geometry for surveying
-Promoted formal education e.g. writing, arithmetic and geometry to keep farm records e.g. the calendar
-Urban centers such as Mephlis, Akhetaton, Thebes and Aswan developed as agricultural centers
-Improved transport e.g. sailing on River Nile
-Led to emergence of a new class of people e.g. wealth, priests, scribes e.t.c.
-Led to the development of religion e.g. offering
Any6x2=12mks
19.a)What factors led to the development of Trans Atlantic Trade
-Increased demand of goods
-Establishment of plantations in the new land
-Production of firearms
-Existence of merchants in West Africa
-Existing trade links between Europe and West Africa
-Presence of ship building technology
-Success of experimentationAny3x1=3mks
b)Explain the results of trans-Atlantic Trade on the people of West Africa
-Depopulation due to people taken as slaves
-Intertribal wars increased
-Growth of empires like Asante, Fante
-Economic decline in West Africa
-Decline of Trans-Saharan trade
-Growth of rich merchants e.g. Jaja of Opopo
-Growth of urban centers along the coast
-Led to colonization of West Africa
-Creation of Sierra Leone and Liberia as homes of freed slaves
-New goods in W. Africa
-Led to decline of some kingdoms e.g. Ketu
Any6x2=12mks
20.a)Give 3 developments that have taken place in road transport system since 1750
-Tarmacing of roads hence durable
-Construction of bridges
-Strengthening and widening of roads
-Dual carriage for easy transport
-Motorways have been constructed
-Development of fly over and under passes
Any3x1=3mks
b)Results of air transport
-Provision of fastest means of transport
-Growth of international trade
-Provision of employment opportunities
-Development of agriculture e.g. through spraying
-Assisted in the reduction of farm accidents e.g. fighting fire
-Making an aerial survey and cartography
-Enhanced wildlife management
-A source of revenue
-Improved security
-Improved space exploration
-Improved international co-operation
-Helped in tourism industryAny 6 x 2 = 12 mks
21a)what factors facilitated European colonization of Africa in the 19thcentury
-Collaboration by some African societies
-Europeans used superior military tactics
-Christian missionaries pacified Africans
-Discovery of quinine and anti-malaria drugs
-Co-operation between European powers
-Some African societies had been weakened by wars, diseases, slave trade
-Some African communities signed treaties ignorantly
Any5x1=5mks
b)Describe 5 reforms that were introduced by the German’s in Tanganyika after the majimaji uprising
-Abolition of communal cotton scheme
-Abolition of forced labor in European farms
-Corporal punishment forbidden
-Better education and medical for Africans provided
-Arab Jumbes and Akidas were replaced by locals
-A new governor sympathetic to Africans was appointed
-New governor censored newspapers that supported Europeans
-Extra taxation rejected
-Kiswahili made official language
-A department was established to monitor Germany E.A affairs
Any5x2=10mks
SECTION C
22.a)Economic activities of the Ashanti
-Practiced local trade/ regional trade
-Practiced craft industry e.g. basketry, pottery
-Iron working –made iron tools e.g. hoes, arrows
-Cultivated crops
-Hunting and gathering of fruits and roots
-Practiced mining
Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
b)Political organization of the Ashanti
-It was a centralized state divided into three divisions namely Nucleus, Amatoo and conquered states
-The overall ruler of the empire was the Asantehene. Kumas was under the direct control of the Asantehene
- The conquered states were ruled by their kings but treated as provinces of Ashanti
-The Asantehene ruled with the help of confederacy of kings called omanhene who took the oath of allegiance to ensure loyalty to the asantehene
-Omanhene represented the king in the province and paid tribute to the Asantahene, paid soldiers in times of war
-The empire had a standing army for defence
-The sacred golden stool acted as a symbol of unity
-There was a well established judicial/ court system based at Kumas under the Asantahene
-The office of the Asantahene was hereditary
-The odwira festival strengthened the spirit of solidarity
Any6x2=6mks
23a)Aims of revival of East African Community
-Harmonization of fiscal and monetary policies
-Encourage free movement of persons by easing border crossing
-Trade liberalization and development
-Development areas of common interest e.g. Lake Victoria and its basin
-Develop infrastructure e.g. roads, railways
-Develop reliable energy supply in the region
-Development of human resources, science and technology
-Promote co-operation in legal and judicial affairs
-Strengthen political co-operation so as to attain peace and security in the region
-Harmonize trade policies and relations with other regional and international organizations
Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
b)Challenges facing the new East African Community
-Members are pre-occupied with internal affairs at the expense of the union
-Uneven level of economic development e.g. Kenya has undue advantages over others
-Duplication/ member countries belong to other regional organizations e.g. comesa, SADC
-Insecurity along common borders caused by banditry, cattle rustles e.t.c.
-Member states produce similar goods
-Lack of common currency
-Poor transport and communication network
-Conflict over exploitation of common natural resources e.g. use of Lake Victoria Any 6x2=12mks
24a)Types of election in the USA government
-Election for the president/ presidential election
-Election of senators and members of house of representative
-Election for state governors and legislatures
3x1=3mks
b)Main features and functions of Indian parliament
-Bicameral in nature
-The Lok-Sabha-(lower house)
-Powerful house
-Prime minister is chosen from majority party or parties/ coalition in the house
-Members of the Lok-Sabha serve for five years term
-The Lok-Sabha consolidates national views, advises, commands and punishes stray leaders.
-Rajya Sabha-(upper hose)
-Has 250 members out of which 12 are nominated by the president
-It is never dissolved
-1/3of its members retire at the end of every 2 years
-State legislature handles legislation on criminal and civil procedures, marriage and divorce.
-Legislative is multi- party.
Any 6 x 2 = 12
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