DRAFT ONLY
BCF3008A Identify window and door construction
Final content edit to be completed
Holmesglen welcomes all comments and advice.
Managing Agent: Training & Development Services, Holmesglen Institute of TAFE
Acknowledgments
This learning resource was developed by Training and Development Services, Holmesglen Institute of TAFE on behalf of Construction Training Australia.
The technical content of this module was written by Kirsten Stollery of Techtrain.
The technical edit of this module was completed under the direction of Construction Training Australia.
© Australian National Training Authority (ANTA), 2000
GPO Box 5347BB, MELBOURNE, Victoria, 3001, Australia
Telephone +61 3 9630 9800
Facsimile + 61 3 9630 9888
All rights reserved. This work has been produced initially with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through ANTA. This work is copyright, but permission is given to trainers and teachers to make copies by photocopying or other duplicating processes for use within their own training organisation or in a workplace where training is being conducted. This permission does not extend to the making of copies for use outside the immediate training environment for which they are made, nor the making of copies for hire or resale to third parties. For permission outside of these guidelines, apply in writing to Australian National Training Authority.
The views expressed in this version of the work do not necessarily represent the views of ANTA.
ANTA does not give warranty nor accept any liability in relation to the content of this work.
First published 2000
STOCKCODE: xxxx
Printed for
BCF3008A
Contents
What is this resource about? 1
What will you cover? 1
What do you have to do? 1
How will you be assessed? 4
Preparing for work 5
Quality assurance 5
Occupational health and safety requirements 5
Types of frames 6
Building codes and standards 11
Activity 1 12
Architectural style 13
Practice 16
Structural features of doors and windows 17
Construction of doors and windows 17
Demonstration 17
Practice 17
Interpreting standards 17
Practice 19
Activity 2 19
Construction techniques 19
Practice 20
Demonstration 20
Ventilation and light requirements 21
Activity 3 22
Activity 4 23
Glazing requirements 24
Activity 5 25
Weatherproofing 25
Activity 6 26
Demonstration 26
Demonstration 29
Materials for door and window construction 30
Characteristics of material – external doors and windows 30
Activity 7 31
Preserving the material 32
Demonstration 32
Internal doors 32
Composite materials 33
Cleaning up 35
Documentation 35
Finishing 35
Summary 36
Where to find more information 36
Assessment 37
© Australian National Training Authority BCF99 i
tds1:450:Res:3000:new:BCF3008A
BCF3008A
What is this resource about?
Welcome to BCF3008A – Identify window and door construction. This resource will help you gain the skills and knowledge necessary to demonstrate competence in this unit.
What will you cover?
This resource is divided into four main sections.
§ Preparing for work.
§ Structural features of doors and windows.
§ Materials for door and window construction.
§ Cleaning up.
What do you have to do?
To demonstrate competence in this unit you will be required to show the required level of skills and knowledge involved in:
§ identifying materials and features associated with the construction of windows and doors for both internal and external uses
§ following the Building Code of Australia in identifying these features.
This unit of competency has the following elements and performance criteria.
Plan and prepare work / § Quality assurance requirements with company’s joinery operations, recognised and adhered to.
§ OH&S requirements for access, ventilation and light requirements recognised and adhered to.
§ Types of window frames and openable sash designs identified.
§ Window frame and sash components recognised and sectional designed shapes identified.
§ Relevant Building Codes and Australian Standards recognised and adhered to.
§ Architectural style recognised from drawings or site inspections.
Element / Performance Criteria
Identify structural features of doors/windows / § Construction of doors and windows identified in accordance with AS2688-1984 Timber doors and AS2047.2-1996 Windows in buildings – construction, installation and maintenance.
§ Specified Australian standards interpreted and requirements of structural door/window components determined.
§ Construction techniques appropriate to job requirements determined and identified.
§ Window/door construction optimised for minimum wastage.
§ Ventilation requirements recognised and adhered to as specified in Building Code of Australia.
§ Glazing requirements identified through interpretation of specified Australian Standard AS1288-1994 Glass in buildings – selection and installation.
§ Specified features incorporated to prevent moisture penetration identified.
Determine materials for timber windows and doors / § Characteristics of materials for external joinery determined and nominated.
§ Material preservation for external joinery surface finishes identified.
§ Characteristics of material for internal doors identified.
§ Composite materials used in door/window manufacture identified.
Element / Performance Criteria
Clean up / § Personal documentation and reference material compiled in sequential order.
§ Relevant texts and standards returned to resource centre.
How will you be assessed?
Your trainer will decide with you how you will be assessed. Your assessment activity will include identifying features of both the doors and windows of a nominated residential building and in accordance with the Building Code of Australia. This unit covers only windows and doors of timber or timber-cored material.
Your activity should allow you to demonstrate all the performance criteria set out in this unit of competency.
This unit may be assessed in conjunction with other units of competence. Your trainer will tell you if you will be assessed this way.
Preparing for work
Quality assurance
Part of working for an organisation is following processes that ensure a standard of quality. Quality means customers can be sure of getting a product the meets their needs.
Quality requirements will affect:
§ joinery operations
§ quality of materials
§ handling procedures
§ use and maintenance of equipment
§ procedures for manufacturing and finishing
§ attention to specifications.
Therefore it is important you are familiar with the Quality Assurance procedures your workplace uses. If you don’t, you may have to remake some products which costs time and money.
Occupational health and safety requirements
When working in a joinery shop you need to be aware of your work area and the tools and equipment you are using. You need to make sure there is adequate space to work safely without danger of bumping into things or tripping over things such as extension leads.
Adequate ventilation is important particularly when using power tools for cutting or drilling and when using adhesives as some have very toxic vapours.
Light is also important to make sure you can clearly see all cutting lines and see any people you are working with. This will help to prevent accidents.
/ Practice/ Take a walk around your workplace with your trainer. Point out areas that you think may be dangerous or cause a hazard. Discuss how these areas can be changed to get rid of the hazards.
Types of frames
Before beginning work, you need to know what type of window or door you are constructing.
Windows
You will need to know if the window is:
Fixed glazed (cannot be opened)Sliding
Double hung
Awning
Casement
Each window frame is made up of a number of different components as shown in the diagram below.
Typical timber frameDoors
Panelled doors are doors that have panels of timber, plywood or glass, or a combination of these, fitted inside a timber frame.
Here are some examples of panelled doors.
A flush panel door has a single panel over a paper or solid core. The paper core has a light timber frame with top and bottom rails and two stiles. The solid core door does not require a timber frame.
Flush panelPanelled doors have a timber frame with plywood or solid timber panels. The panels may have beading or insertion moulding around them, or bolection moulding keeping the panels in place.
PanelledA flush and beaded door is a flush panel door with beading in place to give the impression of panels.
Flush and beadedGlazed doors may have several glass panels, or a combination of glass and timber plywood panels. On a large glass panel, glazing bars may be used to hold the glass place.
Glazed/ Demonstration
/ Ask your trainer to show you samples of beading and bolection moulding used for doors.
Building codes and standards
Before commencing work on windows and doors, you need to familiarise yourself with the Building Code of Australia as it relates to these and with the relevant Australian Standards.
AS2047.2 – Windows in buildings – construction, installation and maintenance / This standard sets out recommended methods of construction, glazing, protection and maintenance of a variety of windows and doors which are installed vertically in external walls.AS2688 – Timber doors / This standard sets out the height and width limits of basic, general purpose timber doors.
AS1288 – Glass in buildings – selection and installation / AS1288 sets out how to select glass for both framed and unframed purposes and contains installation guidelines for installation.
The building Code of Australia comes in two volumes. Volume 1 relates to Class 2 to Class 9 buildings, Volume 2 deals with Class 1 and Class 10 buildings. You will need to refer to the correct volume according to the type of building the door or window is to be fitted into.
/Activity 1
/ As you use the standards you will become familiar with their requirements.Find the following information in AS2047.2.
1. What are the tolerances for the size of assembled panels? (page 6)
/ 2. What is the maximum allowed difference between diagonals?
(page 6)
/ 3. What should be used to finish timber windows before supplying the product to the customer? (page 6)
/ The following questions relate to AS2688.
4. What is the maximum dimension of tight knots allowed in core timber? (page 8)
/ 5. What is the minimum rebate width for glass 6 mm thick? (page 15)
/ 6. What is the procedure for determining the flatness of doors?
Architectural style
There are many different architectural styles used in Australia today. The style of the building will influence the type of door or windows to be fitted. The front door suite can often be used to identify the style. Here are some examples of the common house styles you may come across and how you can identify them.
Georgian – Colonial
Georgian architecture came about in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In England the houses were two storey with the front door set in the middle of the ground floor.
In Australia, the style was modified to one storey and a verandah was added.
A Georgian – colonial house is very symmetrical. The street elevation is symmetrical, and so is the front door.
Georgian – colonial front doors are either double or single, but have a fanlight above them and glazed sidelights on either side.
The outside of the door is divided into six panels.
Georgian – ColonialVictorian – Gothic/Tudor
This style from 19th century is based on the Gothic style of the 12th to 16th centuries and has a medieval look about it.
The front door is generally very heavily studded with strap hinges. The frame is made from moulded stone with a pointed arch at the top. A moulded stone porch protected the door from the weather.
Some Gothic/Tudor doors have sidelights. These do not go to the floor, but stop at a stone sill 750 mm – 900 mm high.
Victorian – Gothic/TudorVictorian – Classical
Later in the Victorian era, more elaborate houses were built making use of decorative timber and glass. The doors were large and set in a heavy timber frame.
Sidelights and fanlights were used around the door. Classical Victorian homes had high ceilings which allowed for the very large front door.
Victorian – classicalFederation
Federation houses of the early 20th century often have a large verandah which shades the front door. This verandah takes away the need for fanlights and sidelights. The door usually has a leadlight panel in the top one-third. The narrow tall panels below the leadlight have deep bolection moulding. The Federation style kept the high ceilings of the Victorian era. Federation houses can be further identified by their double hung windows with brick arches over them.
FederationBungalow
After World War I, the bungalow style became popular. This style, known as the Californian bungalow had lower ceilings. This changed the style of the front door, taking away the fanlight. Sidelights often remained.
The front of the bungalow was the same as a federation door, but without the mouldings. Any leadlight that was used was more likely to be a mass-produced piece rather than individually designed.
/Practice
/ Your trainer will provide pictures or take you to see various buildings. From these pictures or inspections, identify the architectural style by identifying the distinguishing features of that style, particularly of the front door style.Structural features of doors and windows
Construction of doors and windows
The Australian Standards AS2688 and AS2047.2 set out the method of construction for doors and windows. Each door or window you make needs to comply with these standards or they will be classed as unfit for use.
When you have familiarised yourself with these standards, you will be able to identify the construction details of any general purpose timber door or window you come across.
/Demonstration
/ Your trainer will work through the construction details on a door or window and point out the relevant sections of the Standards which apply to it./
Practice
/ Read through a copy of AS2688 and AS2047.2. Practice finding features as set out in these standards in windows and doors around your home and workplace.Interpreting standards
The standards set out not only the overall construction details of doors and windows, but also the requirements for each component.
AS2047.2 – Windows in buildings, construction, installation and maintenance
This standard sets out the construction requirements for: