Guided Reading & Analysis: Territorial and Economic Expansion, 1830-1860

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Guided Reading & Analysis: Territorial and Economic Expansion, 1830-1860

Reading Assignment:

Pageant - Ch. 17 & 18

AMSCO - C h. 1 2.

Purpose:

Thisguideisnotonlya placetorecordnotesas you read, but also to provide a place and structure for reflections andanalysisusingyour thinkingskills withnewknowledge gained

from the reading. This

guide, if THOUGHFULLY completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) by the due date, can be used on the correspondingquizaswellasearnupto5bonuspoints on the quiz.The benefitsofsuchactivities,however,gofarbeyondthe bonuspoints.MasteryofthecourseandAPexamawaitallwhochoosetoprocessthe informationastheyread/receive!

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD5:

KeyConcept5.1:TheUnitedStatesbecame moreconnectedwiththe world,pursuedanexpansionistforeignpolicyinthe Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from othercountries.

KeyConcept5.2: Intensifiedbyexpansionanddeepening regionaldivisions,debatesoverslaveryandothereconomic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civilwar.

KeyConcept5.3:TheUnionvictoryintheCivilWarandthecontestedreconstructionoftheSouthsettledtheissuesofslaveryand secession,butleftunresolvedmanyquestionsaboutthepowerofthefederalgovernmentandcitizenshiprights.

TheideaofmanifestdestinyfueledthecontinuedAmericanexpansionwestward.AmericansfromthetimeofthePuritansspokeofAmericaasacommunitywitha divine mission… and in the 1830s… this notion of “God’s Plan” developed into “Manifest Destiny.” Political leaders and Protestant missionary organizations ferventlysupportedexpansion. In1845DemocraticnewspapermanJohnO’SullivanwrotethatthemostcriticalneedforAmericawas

“…thefulfillmentofourmanifestdestinytooverspreadthecontinentallottedbyProvidenceforthefreedevelopmentofouryearlymultiplyingmillions.”

Overview (use Ch. 12 AMSCO for this): Complete the statements below.

Manifest Destiny led to the territorial acquisitionsthrough…
1.2.3.
Expansion and slavery led to continued sectionalism and eventual Civil Warbecause…
1.2.3.
The Union won the Civil War which ledto…
1.2.
Opposing Views… Consider the following three questions for this unit ofstudy:
1.Was the Civil War an unavoidable conflict over slavery, or was it caused by a failure ofleadership?
2.Was it about states’rights and federal power, or was it about moralissues?
3.Was Reconstruction successful because slavery ended and African Americans received Civil Rights and suffrage, or was it a failure that required another reform movement 100 yearslater?

1. Intro: Territorial and Economic Expansion, 1830-1860

KeyConceptsMainIdeas / Notes
The idea of Manifest Destiny, which asserted U.S. power in the Western Hemisphere and supported U.S. expansion westward, was built on a belief in white racial superiority and a sense of American cultural superiority, and helped to shape the era’s political debates. / ReadtheJohnL.O’Sullivanquoteatthetopofthepageaswellasthefirsttwoparagraphs.
ExplainhowO’Sullivan’squotesupportsorrefutesthekeyconceptatleft.
Inthe1840s-1850s…ManifestDestinyplayedoutby…

2. ConflictsOverTexas,Maine,andOregon

Asyouread,jotdownyournotesinthemiddlecolumn.ConsideryournotestobeelaborationsontheObjectivesand MainIdeaspresentedintheleftcolumnandinthesubtitlesofthetext.INCLUDEINYOURNOTESALLSIGNIFICANTVOCABULARY ANDPEOPLE.Afterreading andtakingnotes,thoughtfully,analyzewhatyoureadbyansweringthequestionsintherightcolumn. Rememberthisstepisessentialtoyourprocessingofinformation.Completingthisguidethoughtfullywillincreaseyourretentionas wellasyourcomprehension!

Key Concepts MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
Enthusiasmfor
U.S. territorial expansion fueled by economic and national security interests and supported by claims of U.S. racial and cultural superiority, resulted in war, the opening of new markets, acquisition of new territory, and increased ideological conflicts. / ConflictsOverTexas,Maine,andOregon… Texas…
Revolt andIndependence…
AnnexationDenied…
Continuedonnextpage… / ListandexplainthemotivesbehindexpansionintoTexas, Oregon,andMain.
SupportorrefutePresidentAndrewJackson’sreasoning behindrefusingtoadmitTexas.Makesureyourresponse has specificevidence.

Enthusiasm for U.S. territorial expansion fueled by economic and national security interests and supported by claims ofU.S. racial and cultural superiority, resulted in war, the opening of newmarkets, acquisition of new territory, and increased ideological conflicts.

BoundaryDisputeinMaine…

BoundaryDisputeinOregon…

TheElectionof1844…

AnnexingTexasandDividingOregon…

InalettertoStephenF.AustinfromJohnDurst,Durst asks,“WehavereceivedbythelastmailaDecreeGivenby theexecutiveofourGovernmentLiberatingalltheSlaves initsterritory…intheNameofGod,whatShallwedo?For God’ssakeadvisemeonthesubjectbythereturnofmail. WeareruinedforeverShouldthismeasurebeadopted.”

TowhatextentwastheTexasWarforIndependence causedbyslavery?Explainyouranswerandidentifyan alternateview.

Compareandcontrastthecausesandeffectsofthe AroostookWarwiththeTexasWarforIndependence.

ExplainthekeydifferencebetweenthetwoDemocrats, AndrewJacksonandJamesK.Polkontheissueof territorialexpansion.

Whatwastheimpactofthe“darkhorse”victory?

ContextualizetheSongatleft.
(seeContextualizationwritingactivitiesinyournotebookoronthe websitefordirectionsifyouarenotsurehowtocontextualize)
LocalContext:
BroadContext:
OtherContext:
Enthusiasm for U.S. territorial expansion fueled by economicand national security / JamesK.Polkmade5promisesinhis1844campaign:
1.toacquireCaliforniafromMexico,
2.tosettletheOregondispute,
3.tolowerthetariff,
4.toestablishasub-treasury,and
5.toretirefromtheofficeafter4years.
Didhekeephispromises? Explain with regard to each one.
interests and supported by claims ofU.S. racial and cultural superiority, resulted in war, the opening of newmarkets,
acquisition of new territory, and increased ideological conflicts.

3. WAR WITH MEXICO

KeyConceptsMainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
Enthusiasmfor
U.S. territorial expansion fueled by economic and nationalsecurity interests and supported by claims of U.S. racial and cultural superiority, resulted in war, the opening of new markets, acquisition of new territory, and increased ideological conflicts / War withMexico… context?
Immediate Causes of theWar… Explain fully. / SupportorrefutetheclaimthatMexicoincitedwarby killing11Americans.Defendyouranswerwithspecific evidence.
The acquisition of new territory in the West and the U.S. victory in the Mexican- American War were accompanied by a heated controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in newly acquired territories. / MilitaryCampaigns…
Consequences of theWar…
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo(1848)…
WilmotProviso…
Prelude to CivilWar?... / Explainthepolitical,geographic,andculturalimpactof the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
To what extent was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo a turning point in Americanhistory? Defend your answer with specificevidence.

4.MANIFEST DESTINY TO THE SOUTH

Key Concepts MainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
The United States became more connected with the world as it pursued anexpansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries. / ManifestDestinyintheSouth…
OstendManifesto…
WalkerExpedition… / Compare and contrast William Walker’s expansionist goals, methods, and effectivenesstothatofJamesK.Polk’s. Answer thoughtfully with specific evidence.
U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives westward toAsia. / Clayton-Bulwer Treaty(1850)…
GadsdenPurchase…
ExpansionAftertheCivilWar… / Explain the economic significance of Clayton-Bulwer and GadsdenPurchase.
What was Seward’s purchase ofAlaska called “Seward’sFolly?”
Was it actually brilliant? Explainyour answer.

5.SETTLEMENT OF THE WESTERN TERRITORIES

KeyConceptsMainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
Westward expansion, migration to and within the United States, and the end of slavery reshaped North American boundaries and caused conflicts over American cultural identities, citizenship, and the question of extending and protecting rightsfor various groupsof
U.S.inhabitants. / SettlementoftheWesternTerritories…
Fur Traders’Frontier…
OverlandTrails… / Makesureyouunderstandthefollowingterms!
Immigration:tomoveintoa
countryinordertosettlethere,crossingapolitical boundary,andusuallymakingapermanentmove fromonenationtoanother
Emigration:tomoveoutof
onecountryorregiontosettleinanother
Migration:tomovewithinadefinedboundary.For example,AmericanMormonsmigratedfromtheOld NorthwesttoUtah.

Lookatthemaponpage235, AMSCO.Listeachtrail illustrated on the map, and explain why people were migrating. Be sure your explanation has specific info.
Asian, African American, and white peoples sought new economic opportunities or religious refuge in the West, efforts that were boosted during and after the Civil Warwith the passage of new legislation promoting national economic development. / MiningFrontier…
FarmingFrontier…
UrbanFrontier… / 1.
2.
3.
4.

6.THE EXPANDING ECONOMY

KeyConceptsMainIdeas / Notes / Analysis
U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic,and cultural initiatives westward toAsia.
U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives westward toAsia.
(this material also linksinto your Period 4 Content Outline)
Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civilwar.
The North’s expanding economy and its increasing reliance on a free-labor manufacturing economy contrasted with the South’s dependence on an economic system characterized by slave- based agriculture and slow population growth. / The Expanding Economy… IndustrialTechnology…
Railroads…
ForeignCommerce…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Panicof1857… / How did industrial technology impact sectionalism?
Compare and contrast the impact of the Northeasterncanalsystemtotheimpactofpre- CivilWarrailroaddevelopment.
HowdidRailroadexpansionimpactsectionalism?
HowdidthePanicof1857impactsectionalism?

7.HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES: WHAT CAUSED MANIFEST DESTINY?

Traditional Historical Analysis of Manifest Destiny / ModernHistoricalAnalysisofManifestDestiny

Historical Perspectivescontinued…

Inyourview,whatwasthemainreasonforManifestDestiny? Rugged Individualism and Pioneer Spirit?
Providence?
Racism and White Supremacy? Economic Development (money)?Defendyourview. / Howhavemodernviewsimpactedthenation? Hasitledtoimprovedracerelations?
Hasitledtoimprovedcurriculum? Hasitledtomoreorlessconflict? Isthisagoodthing?

8.Map-o-Fun!

NAME–YEAR–METHOD…

LabeleachsignificantpieceoflandandexplainwhenandhowAmericasecuredeachpartofournationrepresentedonthemap below.Highlightorcoloreachregionadifferentcolor.This SHOULD seem familiar (remember the summer assignment?)

Original ReadingGuidewrittenbyRebeccaRichardson,AllenHighSchool. Sourcesincludebutarenotlimitedto:2015editionofAMSCO’sUnitedStatesHistoryPreparingfortheAdvancedPlacementExamination, 2015RevisedCollegeBoardAdvancedPlacementUnitedStatesHistoryFramework, andothersourcesascitedindocumentandcollected/adaptedover20yearsofteachingandcollaborating..