Guess Paper – 2011
Class – X
Subject – Social Science
I. Roadways :
India has one of the largest road networks in the world. Its importance can be
viewed.
(i) Construction cost of roads is much lower.
(ii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating
topography.
(iii) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slope & as such can traverse
mountains.
(iv) It is economical.
(v) It provides door to door services.
(vi) It is used as feeder to other modes of transport.
II. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways :
- The Govt. has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-
Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai & Delhi by six-lane super highways.
- The North-South corridors linking Srinagar [Jammu & Kashmir] &
Kanyakumari [T.N.] & East-West Corridor Connecting silcher (Assam) &
Porbander (Gujarat). The major objective of these super highways is to
reduce time & distance.
III. Railways :
- The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been
largely influence by physiographic, economic and administrative factors.
- The Himalyan mountains regions are unfavourable for the construction of
railway lines due to high relief sparse population & each of economic
opportunities.
- The northern plains provide most favourable condition having high population
density.
- Rivers also create problem for lay down of railway tracts.
IV.Pipelines :
Pipelines transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of
India. Its initial cost is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It is used
for transporting crude oil, petroleum product & natural gas.
3 Important Networks :
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1. Oil field in Assam to Kanpur (U.P.), via Guwahati, Barauni & Allahabad.
2. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar. In Punjab via Viramgam, Mathura,
Delhi & Panipat.
3. Gas pipelines from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in UP via
Vijaypur in Madhya Pradesh.
V. International Trade :
- The exchange of goods among people; states & countries is referred to as
trade. Trade between two countries is called International Trade.
- Exports and imports are the components of trade. The balance of a trade of
a country is the difference b/w its export and import.
- When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called
favourable balance of trades.
VI. Tourism as a Trade :
- Tourism has proved itself as one of the most important. aspect of trade.
Tourism in India has grown substantially. It helps as
- Promotion of National Integration.
- Provide support to local handicrafts
- Provides support to cultural pursuits.
- Development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
Answer the following questions :
1. Critically examine how roadways are more imp. than railways.
2. What is the importance of super-highways in our national economy.
3. Describe the factors affecting the distribution of Railway network.
4. What are merits and demerits of pipelines?
5. Explain the three important network of pipelines in India.
6. What do you mean by balance trade? taking into account India’s trade?
7. Suggest some measures to promote tourism in India?
Lesson No. 5
Manufacturing Industries
I. Importance of Manufacturing :
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general
and economic development.
(i) Manufacturing industries helps in modernising agriculture.
(ii) It reduce the heavy dependence of people on agriculture income by providing
them jobs.
(iii) Helps in eradication of unemployment & poverty.
(iv) Helps in bringing down regional disparities.
(v) Exports of manufactured goods expand trade & commerce.
II. Iron and Steel Industry :
- Iron and steel industry is the basic industry steel is needed to manufacture
a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical,
telephonic, scientific equipment and variety of consumer goods.
- Iron and steel industry is a heavy industry because all raw material as
well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation
costs. Iron ore, coking coal and lime stone are required in 4 : 2 : 1
- India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet we
lag behind because.
(a)High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
(b) Lower productivity of labour.
(c)Irregular supply of energy.
(d) Poor infrastructure.
III. Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation :
Industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development
but increase in pollution results in degradation of environment.
4 Types of Pollution :
(a) Air : caused by undesirable gases such as sulpher dioxide and carbon
monoxide, air borne particles such as dust, sprays, mist & smoke.
(b) Water Pollution : Caused by organic & inorganic industrial wastes
such as release of lead, mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemical,
plastics, rubber, fly ash, phosphogypsum etc.
(c) Thermal Pollution : Caused by nuclear power plants nuclear & weapon
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production cause cancers birth defects & miscarriages.
(d) Noise Pollution : Cause heaving impairment, increased heart rate &
blood pressure by making unwanted noise.
(IV) Control of Environment Degradation :
- Minimising the use of water by reusing recycling.
- Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirement.
- Treatment of hot water and effluents before releasing in ponds & rivers,
involves 3 steps.
1. Primary treatment by mechanical means.
2. Secondary treatment by biological process.
3. Tertiary treatment by biological chemical & physical processes.
Answer the following Questions :
1. Describe the importance of Industries in the Economic development of a country?
2. Why iron and steel industry is called the basic industry?
3. Name the important raw material used in the manufacturing of iron and steel.
4. Critically examine how industries causes the environmental degradation?
5. Suggest some measures to control environmental degradation
Lesson 3
Nationalism in India
Differing strands within the movement.
1. Rebellion in the countryside : - From the cities, the non co-operation movement spread to
the countryside. After the war, the struggles of peasants and tribal were developing in
different parts of India.
2. One movement here war against talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasants
exorbitantly high nets and a variety of other cases. Peasants had to its begar. The peasants
movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive
landlords.
3. Oudh Kisan Sabha was setup headed by. Jawaharlal Nehru, within a month, over 300 branches
had been set up in the villagers.
4. Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of Swaraj in yet
another way.
5. The colonial govt had closed large forest areas preventing people from entering the forests
to graze their cattle, or to collect fuel wood and fruits. Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed
that he had a variety of special powers. He asserted that India could be liberated only by the
use of force.
How participants saw the movement :
1. Different social groups that participated in the civil disobedience movement.
2. Why did they join the movement?
3. What were their ideals? What did Swaraj mean to them?
1. In the countryside rich peasant communities, being producers of commercial crops, they
were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.
2. The poorer peasantry were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.
3. Business classes? They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, and a rupee
sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
4. The industrial working classes did not participate in civil disobedience movement in large
numbers.
5. Another important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large sale participation
of women. In urban areas, these women were from high caste families in rural areas
from rich peasants house holds.
Answer the following Questions :
1. What do you mean by Begar. Who raise the voice against this and what were his ideas?
2. Write a short note on Alluri Sita Ram Raju and his work or his activities, During non cooperation
movement.
3. All the different social groups which joined the non co-operation movement why they
joined the movement.
4. What was the role of women in non co-operation movement. Described the
Prepared by:
Name:Abhishek Kumar
Email:
Phone No.9031240084
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