Greek Test Review
Directions: In groups of 4 (ONLY 4), complete the study guide for the test. Each group with the most correct and complete will receive extra credit (up to 5 points). You may use your journals and any class handouts. This is due at the end of the hour. All group names must be on ONE packet for credit.
Humanities: Ancient Beginnings
1. Define History as a “timeline” or a “cycle”
Time line= straight no repeating
cycle= repetition of events
2. What does Objective history versus subjective history mean?
Objective: Facts
Subjective: opinion
Earliest human-what we know (journal notes and textbook pp. 30-41)
3. Describe the art in the Cave of Lascaux and name 3 of the animal paintings found there:
Bison, deer, horse, bull. Oldest known caves & drawings.
4. List a quote from Sis. Wendy about art:
5. Name three of the major contributions from Mesopotamia:
Mesopotamia (Sumer)-
Agricultural living with ditches and irrigation
n Towns
n Religion, worship many gods
n Writing was in pictorial (cuneus), did develop syllabic sounds
n Literature: oldest known story was Gilgamesh
n Marriage was monogamous, formal contract decided by bride’s parents
n Wheel as a transportation device (3000 B.C.)
n King-priests ruled (built roads and temples, led wars)
n Hammurabi established law: tooth for a tooth; based on class system
The Jews-
Came out of this culture, Patriarch Abraham
n Practice monotheism
n Laws were the Ten Commandments from god to Moses:
– Have one God.
– Make no graven images.
– Don’t take the name of God in vain.
– Remember the Sabbath and keep it holy.
– Honor thy father and mother.
– Thou shalt not kill.
– Thou shalt not commit adultery.
– Thou shalt not steal.
– Thou shalt not bear false witness (lie).
– Thou shalt not covet anything that is thy neighbor’s.
n Literature was the “Books” or Bible of history, laws, ethics, and wisdom.
The Arts- Art: cylinder seal; Mother Goddesses
n Music: harps, pipes, lyres, and drums
n Architecture; temples of sun dried bricks
n Temple Plans: Sin Temple Plan (page 49 in text)
n Sculptures: Tell Asmar Statues (enormous staring eyes, at prayer).
6. What is Hammurabi’s Law?
n Hammurabi’s Law from 1760 B.C.
n The first established law: An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth
7. List 5 of the 10 Commandments: (See question 5)
8. What is the Tell Asmar Statues significance? (textbook page 39)
Large eyes- statues at prayer
Greek Art (journal, Greek packet, Greek Art worksheet, & textbook pp. 50-109)
-- Minoan Civilization (4000-1450 B.C.)
9. What is this art period called?
Aegean art
11. What 2 key words are used to describe this period?
Flexible & Fluid
12. What 3 things were given in notes about the palace of Knossos?
· Complex architecture
· Flowing sewage
· Easy going life style
13. Describe or name 3 Minoan or Mycenaean wall Paintings
· Saffron Gatherer
· Bull leapers
· King/ Priest
· Dolphins
· Navy battle
· The Parisian
· Cup Bearer
14. What do the wall paintings tell us or show us about the Minoans and Mycenaean’s?
How they lived daily life, sports, agriculture, trade.
--The Archaic Period (700-450 B.C.)
15 .What words 2 words are used to describe their model works of art?
Creative & Changing
16. Describe Geometric Art:
Same pattern repeated over & over (circle, square, triangle, or random design)
17. Where or what is Geometric Art most commonly found on?
Pottery/ vases
18. Describe and name a black figure style vase:
Red background with black figure- stylistic & simplistic
Hercules slaying the centaur
Achilles & Panthesilia
19. Describe and name a Red Figure Style vase:
black background with red figure- more life like and detailed
Sabine women
Francois Vase
20. Which came first Black or Red figure?
Black
21. Which one is more life like, black or red figure? How can one tell which is more life like?
Red more detail and style
22. What is The Francois Vase?
Greek Bible
23. What are The Kouros and Korai and what do they look like and who do they represent?
Kouros or Kouri
Nude male youths
Front leg extended for balance
Arms at the side
Uniform in style
Depict Zeus or Apollo
Range in size from a few inches to over 6 ft. tall
24. What is the The Moschophorus and what does it look like?
Muschophorus- Oldest and first known free standing statue
Shepherd holding a calf
The Golden Ages—model works of art (search for the ideal) --Key words of Greek
Flexibility, Inquiry, and Mobility (pp. 83-94)
25. Who designed and built The Parthenon?
Phidias
26. What is the Zeus by Phidias made out of and what does he look like?
Bronze, nude, beard, arms extended also known as the Poseidon
27. What is the other name for the Zeus by Phidias?
Poseidon
28. What does the Discus Thrower by Myron look like and what is he made out of? (p. 86)
Perfect male body, motion, fluidity, muscle definition, made of marble
29. Why the Discus Thrower is considered the perfect ideal of male beauty? (p. 86)
Strength, athlete, muscle, motion
30. What does the Nike of Samothrace or Winged Victory look like and where does she stand today? (104)
headless, armless, wings, flowing gown thrusting herself into the wind. Shows motion and detail. In the Louvre.
31. These statues were originally painted and jeweled? True or false?
True
Greek Government
32. Who was Pericles and what did he do for the Greeks?
Greek leader. Wise, commissioned the Parthenon. Lead Greece to democracy.
33. Describe the Democracy of ancient Greece:
All male citizens who owned property could vote or voice an opinion.
34. What was the role of women and slaves in Greece?
They could not vote
35. What role did Alexander the Great have in the spread of Greek culture
Spread and destroyed Greek culture.
36. What is the Theory of “The Ideal Citizen”?
37. Who is considered an Ideal Citizen by the Greeks?
Sophocles
38. Who do we consider an Ideal Citizen today from Grecian times?
Socrates
Philosophy of Ancient Greece
39. Who was Socrates?
Father of Philosophy, developed the dialectic
40. What philosophy did he subscribe to?
dialectic
41. Why was he sentenced to death?
For corrupting the youth of Athens
42. Who sentenced him?
A court of his peers , 501 people
43. What is The Dialectic?
learning by posing tough questions, exposing weak arguments or ideas, and searching for what is right and wrong.
44. What happens in or what is the “The Phaedo” about?
The death of Socrates
45. What is “The Allegory of the Den” and what is its meaning?
truth changes as you search and study or truth is unraveled in stages and based on experiences of the individual
46. Who is Plato?
Father of Idealism, believed Geometry was the highest form of math, gave us an educational plan for learning
47. What philosophy did he subscribe to?
Idealism
48. What is The Theory of the Forms or unchanging Forms?
The World of Ideas ( or the Theory of Forms): there are ideas ( the greatest part of existence) and material things ( a lesser part).
A. IDEAS. There is an eternal IDEA or form for everything-love, justice, a horse, a baby, etc. IDEAS are significant and reliable knowledge. (Ideas= Ideal)
B. MATERIAL THINGS flow in and out of reality. Material things are temporary, sensory, and unreliable knowledge. They erode and you have only their idea. (Ex: Humans die and only their idea, or their SOUL, is left.)
49. List 3 traits of Idealism
· A philosophy that advocates that all of truth already exists and your task as a human being is to find the truth.
· Developed from Plato’s ideas (Theory of Forms)
· Force or God created the universe and directs it.
· You must strive continually to learn all there is to learn.
· Rights and wrongs exist and are not changed by situations
· You will be rewarded for doing what is right
· Idealism is optimistic and offers us HOPE
50. What type of Math did Plato believe was needed in life in order to be successful?
Geometry
51. List the 3 levels of Plato’s education plan:
Plato’s Education Plan
• Stage One: Ages 7-14 IRON
– Basic Education Laborers
– Care of body
– Study of myth- religion
– Gymnastics
– Reading and writing
Stage Two: Ages 14-21
• Extended Education SILVER
• Poetry and music Warriors
• Mathematics
• Military drill
Stage Three: 21-35
• Advanced studies GOLD
• Dialectic Teachers
• Science Leaders
Philosophy Kings (government)
52. Who is Aristotle?
Father of Realism
► Father of science
► Learned biology – science from father, physician to King of Macedonia
► Student of Plato at the Academy
► Wrote drama-The Poetics, science, philosophy, politics, ethics ( only ¼ of his writings remain!)
► Devised categories as a means of study: logic, physics, metaphysics, politics, religion, literature, justice, and art.
53. What philosophy did he subscribe to?
Realism
54. List 3 traits of Realism:
· A philosophy that advocates that there is a scientific order to universe and that these universal laws are constant.
· Derives from the writings of Greek philosopher Aristotle
· God may have created the universe, but no longer controls it
· Your only calling is to be born, live, procreate, and die
· Dying is the end of a biological experience
· To learn you must follow the scientific method
· Truth is based on natural laws
· The survival of the fittest is the dominate law of nature
· Humans are just part of a larger ecosystem
55. List Aristotle’s Theory of Tragedy: p. 96
· plot
· character
· thought
· diction
· music
· spectacle
56. What did Aristotle believe should be used to explain experiences?
Thought the universe was based on things perceived through senses.
Relied on observation or scientific methods for knowledge
57. What is The Golden Mean ?
The “golden mean” or moderation is important in all things.
Architecture
58. Describe each of the Columns: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian
Doric= flat top & chunky, fluted base
Ionic= scrolled top, thinner, fluted base
Corinthian= Acanthus leaves & thin fluted base
59. Who was the Parthenon dedicated to?
Athena
60. What is the Acropolis and what sits on top of the of the Acropolis?
The acropolis is a hill and the Parthenon sits atop.
61. What is the Agora and where is it located?
The market place and it is located below the acropolis.
62.What was the role of Phidias in ancient Greece?
Built the Parthenon and many of the statues in and on the Parthenon. Also created the Zeus/ Poseidon sculpture.
The Religion
63. What does Polytheism mean?
Belief in many gods or goddesses
64.What does Monotheism mean?
Belief in 1 god
65.Who is Zeus and what does he rule over?
King of all Gods and Goddesses, the sky
66. What is Zeus’ symbol?
Lightening bolt
67. Who is Hera and what does she rule over?
Queen of the Gods
68. Who is Athena and what is she goddess over?
Goddess of wisdom and righteous wars
69. What is Athena’s symbol?
The owl
70. Who is Artemis and what is she goddess over?
Goddess of the Hunt and the Moon
71. Name one of the myths discussed in class and give a brief overview of it.
Minotaur
Theseus
Persephone/Demeter
Cronos
The Role of Myth/Literature to Define a Culture
72. Who is Homer and what is unique about him?
A blind writer
73. What is the The Iliad about?
Trojan War
74. What is the The Odyssey about?
Odysseus journey home
Theater
Be sure to know that the purpose of theater was a link to religion and morals
75. Who was Sophocles ?
Greek playwright who wrote Oedipus and Antigone.
76. What happened in Oedipus Rex?
Kills his father and marries his mother.
77. Give the Tragedy and comedy definitions according to ancient Greek:
Comedy= a theater genere of complex qualities involving humor, comedy may or may not involve laughter and may or may not end “happily”. The absurd
Tragedy= a serious drama or other literary work in wchih conflict between a protagonist and a superior force (often fate) concludes in disaster for the protagonist.
--The Poetics by Aristotle (see question 55)
Antigone (know in depth!)
78. What is the Theme of Antigone?
Pride will only stand in one’s way.
79.How does Antigone connect to modern day?
Personal response
80. Who are the main characters?
Antigone:
Creon:
Ismene
Haimon:
Teiresias:
Chorus & Choragos
81. What is the role of chorus and choragus?
The voice of the people
82. What are some of the major contributions of the Greek Golden Ages to modern day society?
Architecture led the way for sky scrapers, perfection in art, music
83. What is Mrs. Sokol’s first name and which Greek Goddess was she named after (her first name is the Roman Goddess equivalent).
Artemis= Diana
84. Explain Inductive & Deductive Reasoning:
► Develops formal logic as a more effective way to finding truths than dialectic
► Classifies information into categories for clarity of thought.
► Develops Deductive Logic
§ Logic constructed from general idea being supported by supporting details. Example:
► Major premise: All matter occupies space.
► Minor premise: A table consists of matter.
► Conclusion: A table occupies space.
-Develops Inductive Logic: Collect evidence and draw conclusion.
85. What were the three historical periods of Greek History?
· Aegean
· Archaic
· Golden
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