Good Clinical Practices

ANNEX

Guideline

on Good Clinical Practice

CHAPTER I

Introduction

Art. 1.- This Guidelines on Good Clinical Practiceis a translation into Romanian of the Guidelines on Good Clinical Practice of the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products/International Conference on Harmonization 135/95, amended in 2002.

Art. 2.- (1) The Guidelines on Good Clinical Practice is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting trials that involve the participation of human subjects, which facilitates the reciprocal acceptance of data by the competent authorities in the medicinal product field.

(2) Compliance with this standard ensures the public that the rights, safety and comfort of the subjects are projected according to the principles which rely on the modified “Declaration of Human Rights” from Helsinki and due to the fact that the data in the clinical trials are credible.

Art. 3. – This Guidelines on Good Clinical Practice must be followed when there are data involved concerning clinical trials which are to be forwarded to the National Medicines Agency, as well as during the conduct of clinical trials.

Art. 4. - The principles set up in this Guidelines on Good Clinical Practice may also be applied in other clinical trials which could have an impact on the health and comfort of human subjects.

CHAPTER II

Glossary

Art. 5. – Throughout this Guidelines on Good Clinical Practice, the following definitions are available:

Direct Access - permission to examine, analyze, verify, and reproduce any record and report that are important to evaluation of a clinical trial; any party (e.g., domestic and foreign regulatory authorities, sponsor's monitors or auditors) with direct access should take all reasonable precautions in order to follow the constraints of the applicable regulatory requirements to maintain the confidentiality of subjects identities and sponsor’s proprietary information.
Protocol Amendment - a written description of a change(s) to or official clarification of a protocol.

3. Approval (in relation to the Ethics Committee) - The affirmative decision of the IRB that the clinical trial has been reviewed and may be conducted at the institution site within the constraints set forth by the IRB, the institution, Good

Clinical Practice (GCP), and the applicable regulatory requirements.

Quality Assurance (QA) - all planned and systematic actions that are established to ensure that the trial is performed and the data are generated, documented (recorded), and reported in compliance with Good Clinical Practice and the applicable regulatory requirements.
Audit - a systematic and independent examination of clinical trial related activities and documents to determine whether the evaluated trial related activities were conducted, and the data were recorded, analyzed and accurately reported according to the protocol, sponsor's standard operating procedures (SOPs), Good Clinical Practice and the applicable regulatory requirements.
Audit Trail - Documentation that allows reconstruction of the course of events.
Competent Authority - body having the power to regulate (National Medicines Agency) which reviews submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections.
Investigator's Brochure - a compilation of the clinical and non-clinical data on the investigational product(s) which is relevant to the study of the investigational product(s) in human subjects (see Chapter VIII, “Investigator’s Brochure”).
Audit Certificate - a declaration of confirmation by the auditor that an audit has taken place.
Subject identification code – unique identification system granted by the investigator for each trial subject in order to protect the identity of the subject and to be used instead of the subject’s name when the investigator reports adverse events and/or other trial data.
Coordinating Committee - a committee that a sponsor may organise to coordinate the conduct of a multicentre trial.
Independent Data-Monitoring Committee (IDMC) - An independent data-monitoring committee that may be established by the sponsor to assess at intervals the progress of a clinical trial, the safety data, and the critical efficacy endpoints, and to recommend to the sponsor whether to continue, modify, or stop a trial.
National Ethics Committee (NEC) – an independent entity, made up of healthcare professionals and other members who are not doctors, having the responsibility of defending the rights, safety and wellbeing of trial participants and of ensuring the public on this defence, especially via a formulation of an opinion on the trial protocol, investigators’ skills and adequate facilities, as well as on the methods and documents which should be used for the information of the participants in the study, in view of obtaining their informed consent.
Compliance (in relation to trials) - adherence to all the trial-related requirements, Good Clinical Practice requirements, and the applicable regulatory requirements.
Confidentiality - prevention of disclosure, to other than authorised individuals, of a sponsor's proprietary information or of a subject's identity.

16. Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) - An independent body (a review boardor a committee, institutional, regional, national, or supranational), constituted of medical professionals and non-medical members, whose responsibility it is to ensure the protection of the rights, safety and well-being of human subjects involved in a trial and to provide public assurance of that protection, by, among other things, reviewing and approving/providing favourable opinion on, the trial protocol, the suitability of the investigator(s), facilities, and the methods and material to be used in obtaining and documenting informed consent of the trial subjects.

Comfort (of the clinical trial subjects) – physical and mental integrity of the subjects participating in the clinical trial.
Informed consent - decision, which must be written, signed and dated, of participating in a clinical trial, taken willingly and after all necessary information on the nature, significance, consequences and potential risks, have been gathered as well as the necessary documentation, by a person capable of granting his informed consent, if a person which is not capable of doing it is concerned, by its legal representative; if the person involved is not capable of writing, he/she can grant, in particular cases required by national legislation, his/her consent in the presence of at least one witness.
Contract - a written, dated, and signed agreement between two or more involved parties that sets out any arrangements on delegation and distribution of tasks and obligations and, if appropriate, on financial matters; the protocol may serve as the basis of a contract.
Quality Control - The operational techniques and activities undertaken within the quality assurance system to verify that the requirements for quality of the trial-related activities have been fulfilled.
Source Data - all information in original records and certified copies of original records of clinical findings, observations, or other activities in a clinical trial necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the trial; source data are contained in source documents, original records or certified copies.
Source Documents - original documents, data and records (e.g., hospital records, clinical and office charts,laboratory notes, memoranda, subjects' diaries or evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensingrecords, recorded data from automated instruments, copies or transcriptions certified afterverification as being accurate copies, microfiches, photographic negatives, microfilm ormagnetic media, x-rays, subject files and records kept at the pharmacy, at the laboratories and at medico-technical departments involved in the clinical trial).
Documentation - all records, in any form (including, but not limited to, written, electronic, magnetic, and optical records, x-rays as well as electrocardiograms) that describe or record the methods, conduct and/or results of a trial, the factors affecting a trial, and the actions taken.

24. Essential Documents - documents which individually and collectively allow evaluation of the conduct of a study and the quality of the data produced (see ChapterIX, “Essential Documents for the Conduct of a Clinical Trial”).

Serious Adverse Event or Serious Adverse Drug Reaction - Any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.
Adverse Event - any untoward occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation subject administered a medicinal product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.
Case Report Form - A printed, optical, or electronic document designed to record all of the protocol required information to be reported to the sponsor on each trial subject.
Inspection - The act undertaken by the National Medicines Agency of conducting an official review of documents, facilities, records, and any other resources that are deemed by the National Medicines Agency to be related to the clinical trial and that may be located at the site of the trial, at the sponsor's and/or contract research organisation’s facilities or at other establishments deemed appropriate by the National Medicines Agency.
Institution (medical) - any public or private entity or agency or medical or dental facility where clinical trials are conducted.
Investigator – a doctor or a person who performs a profession agreed inside Romania in order to carry out clinical trials compliant with legislation in force, based on required scientific knowledge and experience in patients’ healthcare domain; the investigator is responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site, and if a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site, the investigator is the leader of the team and may be called the principal investigator.
Investigator/Institution - an expression meaning "the investigator and institution”, where required by the applicable regulatory requirements.
Coordinating Investigator - An investigator assigned the responsibility for the coordination of investigators at different centres participating in a multicentre trial.
Original Medical Record - See Source Documents.
Trial site – The location(s) where trial-related activities are actually conducted.
Impartial Witness - a person, who is independent of the trial, who cannot be unfairly influenced by people involved with the trial, who attends the informed consent process if the subject or the subject’s legally acceptable representative cannot read, and who reads the informed consent form and any other written information supplied to the subject.
Reference medicinal product – a medicinal product used in the context of an investigation as a comparator medicinal product or as an already authorised medicinal product (such as an active witness) or placebo, used as a trial-related referent.
Investigational medicinal product – pharmaceutical form of an active substance or placebo which is being tested or used as a reference in a clinical trial, including medicinal products which already own a marketing authorisation but used, shown or assembled in a different way from the authorised form or when used for an unauthorised indication or when used to get further information about the authorised form.
Monitoring - The act of overseeing the progress of a clinical trial, and of ensuring that it is conducted, recorded, and reported in accordance with the protocol, Standard Operating Procedures, Good Clinical Practice, and the applicable regulatory requirements.
Opinion (in relation to Independent Ethics Committee) - The judgement and/or the advice provided by the Ethics Committee.
Contract Research Organisation (CRO) - a person or an organisation (commercial, academic, or other) contracted by the sponsor to perform one or more of a sponsor's trial-related duties and functions.
Blinding/Masking - procedure in which one or more parties involved in the clinical trial are kept unaware of the treatment assignment; single-blinding usually refers to the subjects being unaware, and double-blinding usually refers to the subjects, investigators, monitors and, in some cases, data analysts being unaware of the treatment assignments.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - detailed, written instructions which ensure uniformity of the performance of a specific function within the clinical trial.
Protocol - A document which describes the objective(s), design, methodology, statistical considerations and organisation of a trial; the term “protocol” refers to protocol and protocol amendments.
Randomization - the process of assigning trial subjects to treatment or control groups using an element of chance to determine the assignments in order to reduce bias.
Audit Report – a written evaluation by the sponsor's auditor of the results of the audit.
Clinical Trial Report - a written description of a trial of any therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic agent conducted in human subjects, in which the clinical and statistical description, presentation and analysis are fully integrated into a single document (see the Guideline on Structure and Content of Clinical Trial Report).
Interim Clinical Trial/Study Report - a report of intermediate results and their evaluation based on analyses performed during the course of a trial.
Monitoring Report - a written report from the monitor to the sponsor after each site visit and/or other trial-related communication according to the sponsor’s SOPs.
Adverse Drug Reaction - any noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product related to any dose should be considered adverse drug reactions.
Unexpected Adverse Reaction - an adverse reaction, the nature or severity of which is not consistent with the applicable product information, e.g. Investigator's Brochure for an unapproved investigational product or Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) for an approved medicinal product.).
Legal regulations in force – any law and regulation which refers to the conduct of clinical trials having in view the investigation of a medicinal product.
Good Clinical Practice - a standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and reporting of clinical trials which provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity, and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected.
Legally Acceptable Representative - an individual or juridical or other body authorised under applicable law to consent, on behalf of a potential subject, to the subject's participation in the clinical trial.
Sponsor - an individual, company, institution, or organisation which takes responsibility for the initiation, management, and/or financing of a clinical trial.
Sponsor-Investigator - an individual who both initiates and conducts, alone or with others, a clinical trial, and under whose immediate direction the investigational product is administered to a subject; the obligations of a sponsor-investigator include both those of a sponsor and those of an investigator.
Clinical Trial - any investigation in human subjects intended to discover or verify the clinical, pharmacological and/or other pharmacodynamic effects of one or several investigational products, and/or to identify any adverse reactions to one or several investigational products, and/or to study absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or several investigational products with the object of ascertaining its safety and/or efficacy; clinical trials undertaken in single or multiple centres, in one or several countries are included.
Multicentre Trial - a clinical trial conducted according to a single protocol but at more than one site, and carried out by more than one investigator.
Non-clinical Study - biomedical studies not performed on human subjects.
Trial subject – a person who participates in a clinical trial, either as a recipient of the investigational medicinal product or as a witness.
Vulnerable Subjects - individuals whose willingness to volunteer in a clinical trial may be unduly influenced by the expectation, whether justified or not, of benefits associated with participation, or of a retaliatory response from senior members of a hierarchy in case of refusal; examples are members of a group with a hierarchical structure, such as medical, pharmacy, stomatological and nursing students, subordinate hospital and laboratory personnel, employees of the pharmaceutical industry, members of the armed forces, and persons kept in detention; other vulnerable subjects include patients with incurable diseases, persons in nursing homes, unemployed or impoverished persons, patients in emergency situations, ethnic minority groups, homeless persons, nomads, refugees, minors, and those incapable of giving consent.
Subinvestigator - any individual member of the clinical trial team designated and supervised by theinvestigator at a trial site to perform critical trial-related procedures and/or to make important trial-related decisions (e.g., associates, residents, research fellows) (See also Investigator.)

CHAPTER III

The Principles of Good Clinical Practice

Art. 6. -Clinical trials should be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the modified Declaration of Helsinki, and that are consistent with GCP and the applicable regulatory requirements.

Art. 7. - Before a trial is initiated, foreseeable risks and inconveniences should be weighed against the anticipated benefit for the individual trial subject and society; a trial should be initiated and continued only if the anticipated benefit justifies the risk.

Art. 8.- The rights, safety and well-being of the trial subjects are the most important considerations and should prevail over interests of science and society.

Art. 9.- The available non-clinical and clinical information on an investigational product should be adequate to support the proposed clinical trial.

Art. 10.- Clinical trials should be scientifically correct and described in a clear, detailed protocol.

Art. 11. -A trial should be conducted in compliance with the protocol that has been approved/has received the National Ethics Committee’s favourable opinion.

Art. 12. -The medical surveillance and medical decisions made on behalf of subjects should always be the responsibility of a qualified physician.

Art. 13. -Each individual involved in conducting a clinical trial should be qualified by education, training and experience in order to perform his or her respective tasks.

Art. 14. -Freely given informed consent should be obtained from every subject prior to clinical trial participation.

Art. 15. -All clinical trial information should be recorded, handled and stored in a way that allows its accurate reporting, interpretation and verification.

Art. 16. -The confidentiality of records that could identify subjects should be protected, respecting the privacy and confidentiality rules in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirements.

Art. 17. - Investigational medicinal products should be manufactured, handled and stored in accordance with good manufacturing practice; they should only be used in accordance with the approved protocol.

Art. 18. -Systems with procedures that assure the quality of every aspect of the clinical trial should be implemented.