Study for Test Over Chapters 10-17

HEREDITY (Chapters 10-12)

1. Green peas are dominant to yellow peas. If two heterozygous individuals mated and had offspring, what would the ratio of genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring be?

2. Round peas are dominant to wrinkled peas. If a purebred round pea plant and a purebred wrinkled pea plant were crossed, what would be the phenotype of the offspring?

3. Sex-linked traits are associated with genes that are carried on the ___ chromosome.

What are the sex chromosomes of a human male? ______Female? ______

4. If a carrier woman for sex-linked hemophilia marries a normal man. What are the odds that they will have a child with hemophilia? ______What are the odds that they will have a daughter with hemophilia? ______

What are the odds that they will have a daughter who is a carrier for hemophilia? ______

5. What type of inheritance pattern produces an intermediate phenotype in heterozygotes? (dominant/recessive, codominance, or incomplete dominance). ______

6. True or False: In codominance, a black chicken and a white chicken would produce a chicken with both black and white feathers.

7. Cross a pure breeding red flower (RR) with a pure breeding white flower (R’R’). Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

Genotypes: ______, ______, and ______

Phenotypes: ______, ______, and ______

8. Know the type of inheritance for the following diseases: Choices are recessive, dominant, codominant, or sex-linked.

Tay-Sachs -

Cystic fibrosis -

Huntington’s -

Colorblindness -

Sickle-cell anemia -

Hemophilia -

9. Which disorder is caused by a nondisjunction and is also known as trisomy 21? ______

10.What is the sex of the person whose karyotype is shown to the left? ______

11.What is the disorder that this person has? ______What is your evidence?

12.What are some of the characteristics of this disorder?

13. True or False. Many disorders such as diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular (heart) disease are caused by the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors.

14. What are the 4 human blood types? ______, ______, ______, and ______.

15. List the 3 alleles that produce these blood types. _____, ____, and ____.

16. What 2 genotypes produce blood type A? _____ and ______. Blood type B? _____ and ______.

17. What genotype results in blood type O? ______

18. If a man with AB blood marries a woman with type O blood what are the possible blood types for their offspring?

21. ______(multiple alleles to polygenic inheritance) refers to a single trait controlled by a single gene that has 3 or more alleles.

22. A single trait that is determined by the interaction of 2 or more different genes is an example of ______(multiple alleles or polygenic inheritance).

22. Phenotype or genotype? Brown hair ______, hemophilia ______Gg ______

Heterozygous ______, hh ______, sickle cell anemia.

23. If a haploid cell has 20 chromosomes how much would a diploid cell have?

24. Give an example of a haploid cell. ______

26. How many chromosomes are found in a diploid human cell? ____ human gamete? ______

27. What is crossing over and when does it occur?

28. The point of sexual reproduction is to increase genetic ______.

29 .If a test cross produced an F1 generation consisting only of individuals showing the dominant trait, what was the genotype of the unknown parent? (heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or homozygous recessive) ______. Use the letters A and a to show this test cross.

30. If the strand of DNA ATCGTACGG undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?

______

31. After translation, what would the amino acid sequence be for this section of mRNA? (read from right to left)

______

32. What are three differences between DNA and RNA

1) ______

2) ______

3) ______

33. True or False. A mutation is DNA is always changes the sequence of amino acids.

34. True or False. A mutation is DNA may or may not change the structure and shape of the resulting protein.

In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short.

35. Give the genotype for the parents. ______and ______

37. What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring? ____:____:____

38. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?____:____.

39.What is the inheritance pattern shown by this pedigree (simple dominant, simple recessive, or sex-linked)? ______

40.Using A and little a to represent the alleles, what is the genotype of person II-4? ______

41. What is the genotype of person I-3? ______

EVOLUTION (Chapters 14 & 15)

Key Vocabulary Words:

Fossil / Natural selection / Allelic frequency / Directional selection / Reproductive isolation
Spontaneous generation / Mimicry / Coevolution / Disruptive selection / Polyploidy
Biogenesis / Convergent evolution / Genetic drift / Speciation / Punctuated equilibrium
Endosymbiosis / Divergent evolution / Stabilizing selection / Geographic isolation / Gradualism
Evolution / Gene pool

42. The earth’s early atmosphere contained almost no oxygen. The evolution of what types of organisms led to increasing levels of O2. ______.

43. Redi and Pasteur’s experiments disproved the hypothesis of ______.

44. More offspring are produced than will survive to adulthood. There is phenotypic variation among offspring. Those individuals with favorable traits will be more likely to survive and reproduce. These 3 statements describe Darwin’s theory of ______.

45. What evolves, populations or individuals? ______

46. Evolutionary change is caused by changes in ______frequencies within populations over time.

47. Natural selection is one mechanism for evolutionary change. Mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow can also affect allele frequencies. Would smaller or larger populations be more likely to change due to mutation, genetic drift, and/or gene flow?______

48. Describe the endosymbiont theory of the evolution of eukaryotic cells.

Goal 4: Learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life.

CLASSIFICATION (Chapter 17)

Key Vocabulary Words:

Taxonomy / Binomial nomenclature / Dichotomous key / Cladistics / Phylogeny
Kingdom / Phylum / Class / Order / Family
Genus / Species / Specific epithet / Cladogram / Fan diagram

49. List the 3 domains

50. List the other 7 classification levels in order from largest to smallest.

51. What is binomial nomenclature?

52. If two different species belong to the same family, what other taxa do they have in common? ______

53. To the left is a phylogenetic tree of some organisms. According to this tree, which pairs of organisms are most closely related? ______and ______

54.Which organism is most closely related to the ray-finned fish? ______

55. Which organisms are the mammals most closely related to?______

Use the table above to answer questions 56-60.

Organism / House cat / Red fox / Dog / Wolf / Gopher / Fly
Kingdom / Animalia / Animalia / Animalia / Animalia / Animalia / Animalia
Phylum / Chordata / Chordata / Chordata / Chordata / Chordata / Arthropoda
Class / Mammalia / Mammalia / Mammalia / Mammalia / Mammalia / Insecta
Order / Carnivora / Carnivora / Carnivora / Carnivora / Rodentia / Diptera
Family / Felidae / Canidae / Canidae / Canidae / Geomyidae / Muscidae
Genus / Felis / Vulpes / Canis / Canis / Thomomys / Musca
Species / F. domesticus / V. fulva / C. familiaris / C. lupus / T. bottae / M. domestica

56. Which two animals are the most closely related? ______and ______

57. What family is the fly in? ______

58. Which animal is in the Rodentia order? ______

59. What taxa do the dog and wolf have in common? ______

______.

  1. What is the species name for the red fox? ______
  1. What kingdom are all the animals found in? ______
  1. Which organism is not a mammal? ______