Geography 101 Practice Questions for Exam 3
· Heat energy and new materials are brought to the surface by the ______.
o Tectonic cycle
o Rock cycle
o Hydrologic cycle
o Mineral cycle
· At which of the following locations is new ocean crust being formed?
o Mid-ocean ridges, also known as oceanic rift zones
o Along collision zones between two continents
o Along collision zones between two oceanic plates
o In ocean trenches
· Volcanic activity around the Pacific Ring of Fire, is caused by the ______.
o Magma extruded from rift zones where new ocean floor crust is being created.
o The rise of material that was melted in the subduction zones along the pacific margin.
o The rise of magma from hot spots, for example, those under Hawaii.
o Magma along transform faults
· Tectonic forces ______.
o Erode the surface of Earth
o Warp, fold, and uplift rock
o Control soil formation
o Form sedimentary rock
· Which of the following is true regarding the geologic time scale?
o Humans have lived in North America for most of Earth’s history.
o Dinosaurs went extinct around the time humans began inhabiting North America.
o Earth is about 65 million years old.
o The oldest rocks found on Earth are about 4.6 billion years old.
· Uniformitarianism assumes that ______.
o The physical processes operating on Earth in the past were completely different than what we see today and therefore we have to just do our best to figure out how landforms developed.
o Catastrophic events have regularly occurred.
o The same physical processes we see shaping Earth today were operating the same way throughout geologic time.
o Mountains, plains, and valleys were formed suddenly by single, large events.
· The heat that drives the tectonic cycle is derived from ______.
o Nuclear fusion
o Radioactive decay
o Chemical reactions
o Sunlight
· The fact that Earth’s interior is sorted into layers indicates that ______.
o Earth was once in a molten state, during which materials became sorted based on density.
o The rotation of the early Earth acted like a centrifuge which separated materials based on weight.
o Earth was once in a molten state, during which materials became sorted by electromagnetic fields.
· Knowledge of Earth’s interior is derived from ______.
o Direct sampling of the interior using deep wells
o Work in Earth’s deepest caverns and caves
o Indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves
o Historic and prehistoric records
· The theory of plate tectonics has been more or less well accepted since ______.
o The 1700s
o 1850
o The early 20th Century
o The middle of the 20th Century
· Which type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?
o Sedimentary
o Metamorphic
o Igneous
o Hydrothermal
· What type of rock is formed of cooled lava or magma?
o Sedimentary
o Metamorphic
o Igneous
o Hydrothermal
· What type of rock is formed by being subjected to enormous pressure and high temperature”
o Sedimentary
o Metamorphic
o Igneous
o Hydrothermal
· A tectonic plate boundary where two plates are moving away from each other is called a ______boundary.
o Convergent
o Divergent
o Transverse
o Hot spot
· El Capitan in Yosemite and other large, granite rock formations that were formed from magma underground and were then exposed at the surface are ______?
o Sandstone
o Limestone
o Intrusive igneous rock
o Extrusive igneous rock
· An area where an oceanic plate is being subducted under a continental plate is a ______plate boundary.
o Convergent
o Divergent
o Transverse
o Hot spot
· Earthquakes occur along ______.
o Hot spots
o Faults
o Ecotones
o Cold fronts
· A hot spot is ______.
o A plate boundary where lava is creating new ocean floor and pushing plates away from each other.
o A spot on the Earth’s crust where hot magma breaks through and creates new crust, volcanoes, and sometimes volcanic islands.
o A location where two continents are rifting apart.
o An area of new mountain building.
· Tall cone-shaped, symmetrical volcanic mountains, like Mt. Shasta and Mt. Fuji, are ______.
o Composite volcanoes
o Shield volcanoes
o Hot spot volcanoes
o Extinct volcanoes
· Volcanoes formed from explosive eruptions, like the eruptions of Mt. St. Helens, and Mt. Pinatubo, are ______.
o Composite volcanoes
o Shield volcanoes
o Kettle volcanoes
o Extinct volcanoes
· Which of the following is NOT a danger posed by volcanoes?
o Mud flows
o Poisonous gas
o Acid rain
o All of these are dangers posed by volcanoes
· A reverse fault is an area where crust is broken by ______.
o Forces pushing the rock together (compression).
o Forces pulling the rock apart (tension)
o Forces pushing the rock in opposite directions, side-by-side
o Forces pushing the rock upward
· A strike-slip fault is an area where crust is broken by ______.
o Forces pushing the rock together (compression).
o Forces pulling the rock apart (tension)
o Forces pushing the rock in opposite directions, side-by-side
o Forces pushing the rock upward