Geographic Independence and Phylogenetic Diversity of Red Shiner Introductions

Geographic independence and phylogenetic diversity of red shiner introductions

Gregory J. Glotzbecker, Fernando Alda,Richard E. Broughton,

David A. Neely, Richard L. Mayden,Michael J. Blum

Supplementary Table 1 Locations and genetic diversity estimates for 46 populations of Cyprinella lutrensis across native and invasive ranges. n = number of samples, h = number of haplotypes, Hd = haplotype diversity, π = nucleotide diversity, S = number of polymorphic sites, k = average pairwise nucleotide differences, θS = Watterson's estimator of synonymous diversity. SD = standard deviation. Asterisks indicate non-computable values due to the presence of only one sample or haplotype

River / Drainage / State / Lat. (N) / Long. (W) / Coll. Year / n / h / Hd / Hd SD / π / π
SD / S / k / k
SD / θS / θS
SD
Native MW Lineage / 271 / 78 / 0.976 / 0.004 / 0.010 / 0.005 / 106 / 5.457 / 2.635 / 17.159 / 3.848
Brazos / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.19 / -95.58 / 2004 / 3 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Guadalupe / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.87 / -98.49 / 2004 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Little Brazos / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.60 / -95.76 / 2004 / 3 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Rio Grande / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.51 / -103.40 / 2004 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Rio Grande / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.04 / -103.33 / 2004 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.005 / 0.006 / 3 / 3.000 / 2.449 / 3.000 / 2.449
Arkansas River / Mississippi / Arkansas / 35.30 / -93.14 / 2012 / 23 / 12 / 0.901 / 0.041 / 0.009 / 0.005 / 17 / 4.905 / 2.480 / 4.606 / 1.829
Red River / Mississippi / Arkansas / 33.54 / -93.80 / 2012 / 5 / 4 / 0.900 / 0.161 / 0.012 / 0.008 / 15 / 6.800 / 3.859 / 7.200 / 3.925
Boyer River / Mississippi / Iowa / 42.04 / -95.35 / 2012 / 17 / 3 / 0.228 / 0.130 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 2 / 0.235 / 0.286 / 0.591 / 0.443
Skunk River / Mississippi / Iowa / 42.03 / -93.59 / 2012 / 19 / 5 / 0.737 / 0.069 / 0.003 / 0.002 / 9 / 1.579 / 0.982 / 2.575 / 1.189
Kaskaskia River / Mississippi / Illinois / 39.57 / -88.54 / 2012 / 23 / 6 / 0.625 / 0.109 / 0.002 / 0.002 / 8 / 1.249 / 0.819 / 2.168 / 1.010
Sangamon River / Mississippi / Illinois / 39.86 / -89.67 / 2012 / 16 / 3 / 0.575 / 0.112 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 2 / 0.650 / 0.531 / 0.603 / 0.452
Fox Creek / Mississippi / Kansas / 39.83 / -95.35 / 2005 / 11 / 4 / 0.800 / 0.075 / 0.003 / 0.002 / 5 / 1.964 / 1.201 / 1.707 / 0.969
Kansas River / Mississippi / Kansas / 38.98 / -95.06 / 2005 / 8 / 2 / 0.536 / 0.123 / 0.002 / 0.002 / 2 / 1.071 / 0.786 / 0.771 / 0.593
Prong Creek / Mississippi / Kansas / 37.72 / -94.99 / 2005 / 5 / 4 / 0.900 / 0.161 / 0.002 / 0.002 / 3 / 1.200 / 0.908 / 1.440 / 1.016
Verdigris River / Mississippi / Kansas / 37.06 / -95.60 / 2005 / 4 / 2 / 0.500 / 0.265 / 0.003 / 0.003 / 4 / 2.000 / 1.405 / 2.182 / 1.490
Brush Creek / Mississippi / Kentucky / 36.73 / -89.00 / 2009 / 17 / 3 / 0.588 / 0.094 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 2 / 0.662 / 0.535 / 0.592 / 0.443
Auxvasse Creek / Mississippi / Missouri / 38.95 / -91.84 / 2002 / 5 / 4 / 0.900 / 0.161 / 0.002 / 0.002 / 3 / 1.200 / 0.908 / 1.440 / 1.016
Crows Fork Creek / Mississippi / Missouri / 38.87 / -91.88 / 2005 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Cuivre River / Mississippi / Missouri / 38.95 / -90.91 / 2006 / 3 / 3 / 1.000 / 0.272 / 0.010 / 0.009 / 9 / 6.000 / 3.928 / 6.000 / 3.928
Salt River / Mississippi / Missouri / 39.63 / -91.24 / 2003 / 8 / 7 / 0.964 / 0.077 / 0.010 / 0.006 / 16 / 5.786 / 3.097 / 6.171 / 2.989
Platte River / Mississippi / Nebraska / 41.20 / -96.34 / 2012 / 37 / 6 / 0.459 / 0.096 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 3 / 0.508 / 0.440 / 0.719 / 0.449
Canadian River / Mississippi / New Mexico / 36.32 / -104.50 / 2012 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Bird Creek / Mississippi / Oklahoma / 36.21 / -95.91 / 2006 / 5 / 2 / 0.400 / 0.237 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 2 / 0.800 / 0.681 / 0.960 / 0.758
Canadian River / Mississippi / Oklahoma / 35.24 / -97.57 / 2006 / 5 / 3 / 0.800 / 0.164 / 0.004 / 0.003 / 4 / 2.200 / 1.450 / 1.920 / 1.267
Deep Fort River / Mississippi / Oklahoma / 35.67 / -97.18 / 2012 / 3 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Indian Creek / Mississippi / Tennessee / 35.57 / -89.86 / 2012 / 13 / 4 / 0.744 / 0.091 / 0.002 / 0.002 / 4 / 1.231 / 0.834 / 1.289 / 0.768
Bear Creek / Mississippi / Tennessee / 35.45 / -89.96 / 2009 / 19 / 3 / 0.503 / 0.113 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 2 / 0.550 / 0.472 / 0.572 / 0.427
Arroyo Correras / Rio Grande / Mexico / 24.45 / -98.33 / 2006 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
San Juan / Rio Grande / Mexico / 31.81 / -106.56 / 2006 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.002 / 0.002 / 1 / 1.000 / 1.000 / 1.000 / 1.000
San Pedro / Rio Grande / Mexico / 28.26 / -105.48 / 2006 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Pecos River / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 33.61 / -104.37 / 2012 / 3 / 3 / 1.000 / 0.272 / 0.010 / 0.009 / 9 / 6.000 / 3.928 / 6.000 / 3.928
Rio Grande / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 31.79 / -106.53 / 2006 / 6 / 3 / 0.733 / 0.155 / 0.009 / 0.006 / 9 / 4.867 / 2.761 / 3.942 / 2.180
Native SW Lineage / 40 / 23 / 0.954 / 0.017 / 0.030 / 0.015 / 59 / 16.673 / 7.580 / 13.871 / 4.336
Guadalupe / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.87 / -98.49 / 2004 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Rio Grande / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.04 / -103.33 / 2004 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.005 / 0.006 / 3 / 3.000 / 2.449 / 3.000 / 2.449
Rio Grande / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.51 / -103.40 / 2004 / 2 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Concho River / Gulf Coast / Texas / 31.90 / -101.12 / 2010 / 3 / 2 / 0.667 / 0.314 / 0.003 / 0.003 / 3 / 2.000 / 1.512 / 2.000 / 1.512
Rio Grande / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.04 / -103.33 / 2004 / 4 / 3 / 0.833 / 0.222 / 0.003 / 0.002 / 3 / 1.500 / 1.121 / 1.636 / 1.186
Rio Grande(suavis) / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.04 / -103.33 / 2004 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.003 / 0.004 / 2 / 2.000 / 1.732 / 2.000 / 1.732
Canadian River / Mississippi / Oklahoma / 35.24 / -97.57 / 2006 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.005 / 0.006 / 3 / 3.000 / 2.449 / 3.000 / 2.449
Morris Creek / Mississippi / Oklahoma / 35.11 / -94.61 / 2010 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Morris Creek(lepida) / Mississippi / Oklahoma / 35.11 / -94.61 / 2010 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Cottonwood River / Mississippi / Kansas / 38.26 / -96.54 / 2006 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Arroyo Correras / Rio Grande / Mexico / 24.45 / -98.33 / 2006 / 2 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Rio Grande / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 31.79 / -106.53 / 2006 / 5 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Pecos River / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 33.61 / -104.37 / 2012 / 3 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
San Pedro / Rio Grande / Mexico / 28.26 / -105.48 / 2006 / 2 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Pecos River / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 29.68 / -101.37 / 2006 / 6 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Pecos River(suavis) / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 29.68 / -101.37 / 2006 / 3 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Native West sp.2 Lineage / 15 / 9 / 0.981 / 0.031 / 0.009 / 0.005 / 21 / 5.314 / 2.718 / 6.458 / 2.672
Wichita River / Gulf Coast / Texas / 33.77 / -99.09 / 2004 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.012 / 0.013 / 7 / 7.000 / 5.292 / 7.000 / 5.292
Red River / Mississippi / Arkansas / 33.54 / -93.80 / 2012 / 2 / 2 / 1.000 / 0.500 / 0.005 / 0.006 / 3 / 3.000 / 2.449 / 3.000 / 2.449
Canadian River / Mississippi / New Mexico / 36.32 / -104.50 / 2012 / 4 / 4 / 1.000 / 0.177 / 0.014 / 0.010 / 15 / 7.667 / 4.533 / 8.182 / 4.740
San Pedro / Rio Grande / Mexico / 28.26 / -105.48 / 2006 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Pecos River / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 33.61 / -104.37 / 2012 / 6 / 4 / 0.867 / 0.129 / 0.006 / 0.004 / 9 / 3.600 / 2.121 / 3.942 / 2.180
Native Brazos Lineage / 24 / 13 / 0.942 / 0.025 / 0.007 / 0.004 / 15 / 3.848 / 2.003 / 4.017 / 1.621
Brazos / Gulf Coast / Texas / 29.19 / -95.58 / 2004 / 22 / 11 / 0.931 / 0.028 / 0.007 / 0.004 / 13 / 3.831 / 2.003 / 3.566 / 1.496
San Pedro / Rio Grande / Mexico / 28.26 / -105.48 / 2006 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Pecos River / Rio Grande / New Mexico / 29.68 / -101.37 / 2006 / 1 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *
Invasive West / 81 / 16 / 0.851 / 0.025 / 0.035 / 0.017 / 71 / 20.059 / 8.959 / 14.299 / 3.924
San Joaquin / California / California / 38.06 / -121.68 / 2012 / 18 / 7 / 0.843 / 0.056 / 0.009 / 0.001 / 14 / 5.111 / 2.599 / 4.070 / 1.733
Gila River / Colorado / Arizona / 32.93 / -113.40 / 2005 / 7 / 3 / 0.524 / 0.209 / 0.003 / 0.001 / 5 / 1.810 / 1.180 / 2.041 / 1.223
Virgin River / Colorado / Arizona / 36.95 / -113.80 / 2005 / 29 / 4 / 0.638 / 0.050 / 0.058 / 0.003 / 67 / 33.296 / 14.960 / 17.061 / 5.608
Virgin River / Colorado / Nevada / 36.80 / -114.06 / 2005 / 27 / 2 / 0.143 / 0.086 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 1 / 0.142 / 0.213 / 0.259 / 0.259
Invasive East / 46 / 31 / 0.951 / 0.014 / 0.125 / 0.071 / 30 / 3.760 / 1.931 / 6.566 / 2.164
Terrapin Creek / South Atlantic / Alabama / 34.03 / -85.61 / 2008 / 5 / 5 / 1.000 / 0.127 / 0.006 / 0.004 / 7 / 3.400 / 2.080 / 3.066 / 1.763
Dead River / South Atlantic / Alabama / 34.13 / -85.79 / 2008 / 3 / 3 / 1.000 / 0.272 / 0.006 / 0.005 / 5 / 3.333 / 2.323 / 3.333 / 2.323
Peach Tree Creek / South Atlantic / Georgia / 33.82 / -84.40 / 2008 / 19 / 11 / 0.906 / 0.047 / 0.123 / 0.073 / 14 / 3.696 / 1.954 / 4.006 / 1.692
Conasauga / South Atlantic / Georgia / 34.79 / -84.86 / 2008 / 8 / 7 / 0.964 / 0.077 / 0.144 / 0.091 / 12 / 4.321 / 2.390 / 4.898 / 2.525
Buffalo Creek / South Atlantic / North Carolina / 36.10 / -79.77 / 2004 / 8 / 4 / 0.786 / 0.113 / 0.007 / 0.004 / 12 / 3.857 / 2.165 / 4.606 / 1.830
Rocky River / South Atlantic / North Carolina / 35.17 / -80.47 / 2004 / 3 / 1 / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / * / *

Supplementary Table 2 Additional Cyprinella and outgroup species sequence data used in the phylogenetic analysis. Museum voucher, GenBank accession number and source reference is indicated for each sample

Species / Voucher / GenBank
Accession No. / Reference
Cyprinella analostana / STL-646.02 / GQ275236 / c
Cyprinella analostana / UAIC-7962.14 / GQ275237 / c
Cyprinella caerulea / UAIC-13022.03 / GQ275174 / c
Cyprinella callisema / UAIC-7933.03 / GQ275238 / c
Cyprinella callistia / STL-890.02 / GQ275228 / c
Cyprinella callistia / UAIC-7884.02 / GQ275229 / c
Cyprinella callitaenia / UAIC-15312.01 / GQ275242 / c
Cyprinella camura / STL-333.01 / GQ275234 / c
Cyprinella camura / UAIC-12992.07 / GQ275235 / c
Cyprinella cf. nivea / STL-379.01 / GQ275240 / c
Cyprinella chloristia / UAIC-7930.05 / GQ275227 / c
Cyprinella forlonensis / MNCN-2955 / DQ324094 / a
Cyprinella forlonensis / UAIC-9153.02 / DQ324096 / a
Cyprinella forlonensis / UAIC-7902 / DQ324098 / a
Cyprinella formosa / tissue-CF01 / GQ275198 / c
Cyprinella formosa / UAIC-14270.02 / GQ275199 / c
Cyprinella galactura / STL-616.02 / GQ275224 / c
Cyprinella galactura / UAIC-7922.07 / GQ275225 / c
Cyprinella galactura / JSB-0702 / GQ275226 / c
Cyprinella garmani / UAIC-7891.02 / DQ324102 / a
Cyprinella garmani / CPUM-1449 / EU082522 / b
Cyprinella garmani / CPUM-1468 / EU082523 / b
Cyprinella gibbsi / UAIC-12979.02 / GQ275247 / c
Cyprinella gibbsi / UAIC-12914.01 / GQ275248 / c
Cyprinella labrosa / NCSM-45563-1 / GQ275179 / c
Cyprinella labrosa / NCSM-45563-2 / GQ275180 / c
Cyprinella labrosa / NCSM-43854-1 / GQ275181 / c
Cyprinella labrosa / NCSM-43854-2 / GQ275182 / c
Cyprinella leedsi / UAIC-12650.03 / GQ275239 / c
Cyprinella lepida / STL-1313.02-a / GQ275175 / c
Cyprinella lepida / STL-1313.02-b / GQ275176 / c
Cyprinella lepida / UAIC-8348.03 / GQ275177 / c
Cyprinella lepida / BRK-9365 / GQ275178 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / UAIC-8352.02 / DQ324095 / a
Cyprinella lutrensis / CL0637 / GQ275183 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / UAIC-11564.03 / GQ275184 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / CL702 / GQ275185 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / STL-767.01 / GQ275186 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / UAIC-12434.01 / GQ275187 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / STL-660.01 / GQ275188 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / CLBC-2 / GQ275189 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / MNCN-2433 / GQ275190 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / UAIC-13899.01 / GQ275194 / c
Cyprinella lutrensis / N/A / KR061540-569 / d
Cyprinella nivea / UAIC-7947.08 / GQ275241 / c
Cyprinella panarcys / UAIC-11621.01 / GQ275196 / c
Cyprinella panarcys / STL-1330.01 / GQ275197 / c
Cyprinella pyrrhomelas / UAIC-7920.07 / GQ275246 / c
Cyprinella rutila / RLM-0562 / GQ275195 / c
Cyprinella sp. 1 / DAN-0641 / GQ275191 / c
Cyprinella sp. 1 / DAN-0639 / GQ275192 / c
Cyprinella sp. 1 / RLM-0701 / GQ275193 / c
Cyprinella sp. 2 / MCSM-29378 / GQ275252 / c
Cyprinella sp. 3 / MCSM-31467 / GQ275253 / c
Cyprinella spiloptera / UAIC-10485.01 / GQ275218 / c
Cyprinella spiloptera / tissue-CSNY / GQ275219 / c
Cyprinella spiloptera / UAIC-12509.02 / GQ275220 / c
Cyprinella spiloptera / STL-811.02 / GQ275221 / c
Cyprinella spiloptera / STL-888.03 / GQ275222 / c
Cyprinella spiloptera / UAIC-8420.02 / GQ275223 / c
Cyprinella trichroistia / STL-699.02 / GQ275243 / c
Cyprinella trichroistia / UAIC-12707.01 / GQ275244 / c
Cyprinella trichroistia / UAIC-12523.03 / GQ275245 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-1317.03 / GQ275201 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-1309.02 / GQ275202 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-304.01 / GQ275203 / c
Cyprinella venusta / CVBC-1 / GQ275204 / c
Cyprinella venusta / CVFC-1 / GQ275205 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-100.01 / GQ275206 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-694.02 / GQ275207 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-851.02 / GQ275208 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-445.01 / GQ275209 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-298.02 / GQ275210 / c
Cyprinella venusta / UAIC-12650.01 / GQ275211 / c
Cyprinella venusta / UAIC-12649.01 / GQ275212 / c
Cyprinella venusta / UAIC-12698.04 / GQ275213 / c
Cyprinella venusta / UAIC-13026.02 / GQ275214 / c
Cyprinella venusta / STL-1390.01 / GQ275215 / c
Cyprinella venusta / UF-166460.0443 / GQ275216 / c
Cyprinella venusta / UF-166460.0444 / GQ275217 / c
Cyprinella whipplei / UAIC-7963.06 / GQ275230 / c
Cyprinella whipplei / STL-281.02 / GQ275231 / c
Cyprinella whipplei / UAIC-11370.02 / GQ275232 / c
Cyprinella whipplei / CC-701 / GQ275233 / c
Cyprinella xaenura / UAIC-7933.06 / GQ275249 / c
Codomaornata / DLP-55142 / GQ275165 / c
Codomaornata / DLP-55143 / GQ275166 / c
Codomaornata / BRK-0511 / GQ275167 / c
Ericymbabuccata / UAIC-12994.01 / GQ275154 / c
Erimonaxmonachus / STL-888.04 / GQ275171 / c
Erimonaxmonachus / UAIC-10655.02 / GQ275172 / c
Erimystaxdissimilis / UAIC-7922.02 / GQ275170 / c
Hybognathusregius / STL-1228.02 / GQ275151 / c
Hybopsiswinchelli / STL-673.02 / GQ275173 / c
Hybopsiszanema / STL-1283.04 / GQ275250 / c
Hybopsiszanema / NCSM-43867 / GQ275251 / c
Luxiluschrysocephalus / UAIC-9820.21 / GQ275161 / c
Lythrurusumbratilis / STL-669.02 / GQ275160 / c
Nocomisasper / UAIC-12549.03 / GQ275150 / c
Nocomisbiguttatus / STL-1344.02 / GQ275149 / c
Nocomismicropogon / UAIC-7972.05 / GQ275148 / c
Nocomisraneyi / UAIC-12463.02 / GQ275147 / c
Notropis braytoni / DE-0637 / GQ275168 / c
Notropis braytoni / DAN-0638 / GQ275169 / c
Notropis buchanani / STL-322.01 / GQ275162 / c
Notropis nubilus / UAIC-8437.05 / GQ275163 / c
Notropis nubilus / STL-383.01 / GQ275164 / c
Opsopoeodusemiliae / UAIC-10979.04 / GQ275152 / c
Opsopoeodusemiliae / STL-362.02 / GQ275153 / c
Pimephalesnotatus / STL-211.04 / GQ275155 / c
Pimephalespromelas / BRK-0265 / GQ275158 / c
Pimephalespromelas / MNCN-1543 / GQ275159 / c
Pimephalessp. / UAIC-7888.03 / GQ275156 / c
Pimephalesvigilax / PO-0637 / GQ275157 / c
a) Schönhuth S, Doadrio I, Mayden RL (2006) A biogeographicperspectiveonthephylogeny of MexicanCyprinids (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). In: Lozano-Vilano ML, Contreras-Balderas AJ (eds) Studies of North American desertfishes in honor of E. P. (Phil) Pister, conservationist. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, pp 102-124
b) Schönhuth S, Doadrio I, Domínguez-Domínguez O, Hillis DM, Mayden RL (2008) Molecular evolution of southern North American Cyprinidae (Actynopterygii), withthedescription of the new genusTampichthysfrom central Mexico. Mol PhylogenetEvol 47:729-756
c) Schönhuth S, Mayden RL (2010) Phylogeneticrelationships in thegenusCypriniella (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) basedonmitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Mol PhylogenetEvol 55:77-98
d) Broughton RE, Vedala KC, Crowl TM, Ritterhouse LL (2011) Current and historicalhybridizationwithdifferentialintrogressionamongthreespecies of cyprinidfishes (genusCyprinella). Genetica 139:699-707

Supplementary Table 3Parameter priors and distributions set for ABC model testing of invasion scenarios of red shinier populations

Parameter / Population / Distribution / Minimum / Maximum
Scenarios S1-S5
N1 / West invasive / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N2 / East invasive / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N3 / Mid west / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N4 / West native / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N5 / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
NA / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N1b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N2b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
db / Uniform / 1 / 100
t1 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t2 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t3 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t4 / Uniform / 1,000,000 / 50,000,000
r2 / Uniform / 0.001 / 0.999
r3 / Uniform / 0.001 / 0.999
r4 / Uniform / 0.001 / 0.999
r5 / Uniform / 0.001 / 0.999
Time constraints / t3t2, t2t1, t3t1, t4>t3, t4>t2, t4>t1
Scenarios W1-W2
N1 / CA SJ / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N2 / NV VR / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N3 / AZ VR / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N4 / AZ GR / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N5 / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N1b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N2b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N3b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N4b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
db / Uniform / 1 / 100
t1 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t2 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t3 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t4 / Uniform / 1 / 100
Time constraints / t4t3, t4t2, t4t1, t3t2, t3t1, t2t1
Scenarios E1-E2
N1 / AL TC / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N2 / AL DR / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N3 / NC BC / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N4 / GA PT / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N5 / GA CR / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N6 / NC RR / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N7 / Mid west / Uniform / 10 / 1,000,000
N1b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N2b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N3b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N4b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N5b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
N6b / Uniform / 10 / 10,000
db / Uniform / 1 / 100
t1 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t2 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t3 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t4 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t5 / Uniform / 1 / 100
t6 / Uniform / 1 / 100
Time constraints / t6t5, t6t4, t6t3, t6t2, t6t1, t5t4, t5t3, t5t2, t5t1, t4t3, t4t2, t4t1, t3t2, t3t1, t2t1

Supplementary Fig. 1 Invasion scenarios tested using ABC for the colonization of non-native red shiner populations across the USA. (a) S1-S5 = general models of invasion into western and eastern USA. (b) W1-W2 = models of invasion within the western invasive range. (c) E1-E2 = models of invasion within the eastern invasive range. (d) Map representation of the scenarios tested. Arrows indicate the direction of the introduction and the lineages participating: MW = mid-west lineage, W = western lineage

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Supplementary Fig. 2 Pre-evaluation via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of all scenario and prior combinations. Each empty circle represents a simulated dataset from the reference table and large yellow dots represent the observed dataset. (a) PCA plot for scenarios S1-S5. (b) PCA plot for scenarios W1-W2. (c) PCA plot for scenarios E1-E2

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Supplementary Fig. 3 Schematic representation of the best invasion scenario for western and eastern USA tested using ABC and output of the logistic regression in DIYABC v2.0 comparing all scenarios. In the left panel, changes in line color represent reductions in effective population size post colonization. In the right panel, the x-axis represents the number of simulated data, and the y-axis represents the value of the intercept of the regression, which corresponds to the identity between the simulated and the observed summary statistics

Supplementary Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the best scenario according to ABC analyses for the invasion within invasive western and eastern ranges, and output of the logistic regression in DIYABC v2.0 comparing all scenarios. In the left panel, changes in line color represent assumed reductions in effective population size post colonization. GR = Gila River, VR = Virgin River, SJ = San Joaquin River, RR = Rocky River, CR = Coosa River, PT = Peachtree Creek, BC = Buffalo Creek, DR = Dead River, TC = Terrapin Creek. In the right panel, the x-axis represents the number of simulated data, and the y-axis represents the value of the intercept of the regression, which corresponds to the identity between the simulated and the observed summary statistics.