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General Chemistry: Atoms First

Chapter 6 Chemical Arithmetic: Stoichiometry

6.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which one of the following statements about balanced equations is false? In a balanced reaction

A) atoms must be balanced on both sides of the reaction arrow.

B) mass must be conserved.

C) molecules must be balanced on both sides of the reaction arrow.

D) net charge must be balanced on both sides of the reaction arrow.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

2) Which one of the following statements about balanced equations is true? A reaction is balanced by

A) changing the charge on an ion.

B) changing the formula of the molecule.

C) multiplying by suitable coefficients.

D) rearranging atoms in a molecule.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

3) What is the stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen when the following equation is balanced using the lowest, whole-number coefficients

___ C3H8O(l) + ___ O2(g) → ___ CO2(g) + ___ H2O(l)

A) 3

B) 5

C) 7

D) 9

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

Algo. Option: algorithmic


4) What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the lowest, whole numbered coefficients?

___ PH3(g) + ___ O2(g) → ___ P4O10(s) + ___ H2O(g)

A) 10

B) 12

C) 19

D) 22

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

5) What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the lowest, whole numbered coefficients?

___ B2O3(s) + ___ HF(l) → ___ BF3(g) + ___ H2O(l)

A) 8

B) 11

C) 15

D) none of these

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

6) Aluminum metal reacts with iron(II) sulfide to form aluminum sulfide and iron metal. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest, whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

Algo. Option: algorithmic

7) Calcium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest, whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) none of these

Answer: C

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.1 Chemical Symbols on Different Levels

Algo. Option: algorithmic


8) Given the chemical equation: N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3. On a microscopic level, what do the coefficients mean?

A) 1 atom of nitrogen reacts with 3 atoms of hydrogen to give 2 atoms of ammonia.

B) 28 g of nitrogen reacts with 6 grams of hydrogen to give 34 grams of ammonia.

C) 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to give 2 moles of ammonia.

D) 1 molecule of nitrogen reacts with 3 molecules of hydrogen to give 2 molecules of ammonia.

Answer: D

Diff: 1

Topic: Section 6.1 Chemical Symbols on Different Levels

9) Given the chemical equation: N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3. On a macroscopic level, what do the coefficients mean?

A) 1 atom of nitrogen reacts with 3 atoms of hydrogen to give 2 atoms of ammonia.

B) 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to give 2 moles of ammonia.

C) 1 molecule of nitrogen reacts with 3 molecules of hydrogen to give 2 molecules of ammonia.

D) all of the above

Answer: B

Diff: 1

Topic: Section 6.1 Chemical Symbols on Different Levels

10) 1.00 mole of O2 contains the same number of molecules as

A) 0.667 mole of O3.

B) 1.00 mole of CH3CO2H.

C) 2.00 mole of CH3CH2OH.

D) all of the above.

Answer: B

Diff: 1

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

11) 1.00 mole of O2 contains the same number of oxygen atoms as

A) 0.667 mole of O3.

B) 1.00 mole of CH3CO2H.

C) 2.00 mole of CH3CH2OH.

D) all of the above.

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions


12) What is the mass of an atom of the element hydrogen?

A) 2.0 g

B) 1.0 g

C) 3.4 × 10–24 g

D) 1.7 × 10–24 g

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

13) What is the molar mass of aspartic acid, C4O4H7N?

A) 43 g/mol

B) 70 g/mol

C) 133 g/mol

D) 197 g/mol

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

14) What is the molar mass of Co(NO3)2?

A) 90 g/mol

B) 121 g/mol

C) 152 g/mol

D) 183 g/mol

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

15) What is the molar mass of calcium permanganate?

A) 159 g/mol

B) 199 g/mol

C) 216 g/mol

D) 278 g/mol

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

16) What is the molar mass of hydrogen gas?

A) 1.00 g/mol

B) 2.00 g/mol

C) 6.02 × 1023 g/mol

D) 1.20 × 1023 g/mol

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

Algo. Option: algorithmic

17) What is the mass of a single chlorine molecule, Cl2?

A) 5.887 × 10-23 g

B) 1.177 × 10-22 g

C) 35.45 g

D) 70.90 g

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

18) What is the mass of 0.500 mol of dichlorodifluoromethane, CF2Cl2?

A) 4.14 × 10-3 g

B) 60.5 g

C) 121 g

D) 242 g

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

19) How many moles are in 1.50 g of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?

A) 0.0145 mol

B) 0.0326 mol

C) 30.7 mol

D) 69.0 mol

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

20) How many iron(II) ions, Fe2+ are there in 5.00 g of FeSO4?

A) 5.46 × 10-26 iron (II) ions

B) 1.98 × 1022 iron (II) ions

C) 1.83 × 1025 iron (II) ions

D) 4.58 × 1026 iron (II) ions

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic


21) What is the mass of 8.50 × 1022 molecules of NH3?

A) 0.00830 g

B) 0.417 g

C) 2.40 g

D) 120 g

Answer: C

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

22) How many oxygen atoms are in 3.00 g of sodium dichromate, Na2Cr2O7?

A) 0.0801 oxygen atoms

B) 9.85 × 1020 oxygen atoms

C) 6.90 × 1021 oxygen atoms

D) 4.83 × 1022 oxygen atoms

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

23) What is the identity of substance X if 0.380 mol of X weighs 17.5 g?

A) NO2

B) NO3

C) N2O

D) N2O4

Answer: A

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

24) What is the molar mass of butane if 5.19 × 1016 molecules of butane weigh 5.00 μg?

A) 58.0 g/mol

B) 172 g/mol

C) 232 g/mol

D) 431 g/mol

Answer: A

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic


25) What mass of dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, contains the same number of molecules as 3.00 g of trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F?

A) 0.106 g

B) 0.961 g

C) 1.04 g

D) 9.37 g

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

26) What mass of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, has the same number of fluorine atoms as 25.0 g of oxygen difluoride, OF2?

A) 0.901 g

B) 8.33 g

C) 22.5 g

D) 203 g

Answer: C

Diff: 4

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

27) How many chloride ions are in 1.50 mol of aluminum chloride?

A) 3.00 chloride ions

B) 4.50 chloride ions

C) 9.03 × 1023 chloride ions

D) 2.71 × 1024 chloride ions

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

28) How many anions are in 0.500 g of MgBr2?

A) 1.64 × 1021 anions

B) 3.27 × 1021 anions

C) 2.22 × 1026 anions

D) 4.43 × 1026 anions

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic


29) How many cations are in 10.0 g of sodium phosphate?

A) 3.67 × 1022 cations

B) 1.10 × 1023 cations

C) 9.87 × 1024 cations

D) 2.96 × 1025 cations

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

30) Which of the following has the greatest mass?

A) 6.0 × 1023 atoms of O

B) 3.0 × 1023 molecules of O2

C) 2.0 × 1023 molecules of O3

D) All have the same mass.

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

31) Which of the following has the greatest mass?

A) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of O2

B) 16.0 g of O2

C) 0.500 mol of O2

D) All of the above have the same mass.

Answer: A

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

32) Which of the following has the smallest mass?

A) 3.50 × 1023 molecules of I2

B) 85.0 g of Cl2

C) 2.50 mol of F2

D) 0.050 kg of Br2

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic


33) How many moles of CuO can be produced from 0.450 mol of Cu2O in the following reaction?

2 Cu2O(s) + O2(g) → 4 CuO(s)

A) 0.225 mol

B) 0.450 mol

C) 0.900 mol

D) 1.80 mol

Answer: C

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

34) How many moles of BCl3 are needed to produce 25.0 g of HCl(aq) in the following reaction?

BCl3(g) + 3 H2O(l) → 3 HCl(aq) + B(OH)3(aq)

A) 0.229 mol

B) 0.686 mol

C) 2.06 mol

D) 4.38 mol

Answer: A

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

35) How many grams of calcium chloride are needed to produce 10.0 g of potassium chloride?

CaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → 2 KCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq)

A) 0.134 g

B) 7.44 g

C) 14.9 g

D) 29.8 g

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

36) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of moles of iodine that reacts with 10.0 g of aluminum.

___ Al(s) + ___ I2(s) → ___ Al2I6(s)

A) 0.247 mol

B) 0.556 mol

C) 0.741 mol

D) 1.11 mol

Answer: B

Diff: 4

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

37) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of grams of MgO needed to produce 15.0 g of Fe2O3.

___ MgO(s) + ___ Fe(s) → ___ Fe2O3(s) + ___ Mg(s)

A) 0.0877 g

B) 1.26 g

C) 3.78 g

D) 11.4 g

Answer: D

Diff: 4

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

38) Dinitrogen monoxide gas decomposes to form nitrogen gas and oxygen gas. How many grams of oxygen are formed when 5.00 g of dinitrogen monoxide decomposes?

A) 0.550 g

B) 1.82 g

C) 3.64 g

D) 7.27 g

Answer: B

Diff: 4

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

39) The density of ethanol, C2H5OH, is 0.789 g/mL. How many milliliters of ethanol are needed to produce 10.0 g of CO2 according to the following chemical equation?

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l)

A) 4.12 mL

B) 6.63 mL

C) 13.2 mL

D) 26.5 mL

Answer: B

Diff: 4

Topic: Section 6.3 Stoichiometry: The Arithmetic of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic


40) When 10.0 g of calcium metal is reacted with water, 5.00 g of calcium hydroxide is produced. Using the following balanced equation, calculate the percent yield for the reaction?

Ca(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

A) 13.5%

B) 27.1%

C) 50.0%

D) 92.4%

Answer: B

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.4 Yields of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

41) If the percent yield for the following reaction is 65.0%, how many grams of KClO3 are needed to produce 42.0 g of O2?

2 KClO3(s) → 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)

A) 69.7 g

B) 107 g

C) 165 g

D) 371 g

Answer: C

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.4 Yields of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

42) If the percent yield for the following reaction is 75.0%, and 45.0 g of NO2 are consumed in the reaction, how many grams of nitric acid, HNO3(aq), are produced?

3 NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

A) 30.8 g

B) 41.1 g

C) 54.8 g

D) 69.3 g

Answer: A

Diff: 3

Topic: Section 6.4 Yields of Chemical Reactions

Algo. Option: algorithmic

43) In the reaction between glucose and oxygen, 10.0 g of glucose reacts and 7.50 L of carbon dioxide is formed. What is the percent yield if the density of CO2 is 1.26 g/L?

C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) → 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)

A) 26.1%

B) 40.6%

C) 43.1%

D) 64.5%

Answer: D

Diff: 4

Topic: Section 6.4 Yields of Chemical Reactions

44) When methane, CH4, undergoes combustion with oxygen, the usual products are carbon dioxide and water. Carbon monoxide is formed when the limiting reactant is

A) carbon dioxide.

B) methane.

C) oxygen.

D) water.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section 6.5 Reactions with Limiting Amounts of Reactants

45) 10 g of nitrogen is reacted with 5.0 g of hydrogen to produce ammonia according to the chemical equation shown below. Which one of the following statements is false?

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

A) 2.8 grams of hydrogen are left over.