GAC013 AE2: Case Study Investigation
New Tumor-Tracking Technology vs.
Generally Modified Fungus
Student’s Name: Kim Doyeun
Teacher:Elmer Kang
Due Date:19 July 2012
Word Count:
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
In the world, there are diverse diseases which are fatal to humans[S1]. The treatments of some diseases were uncovered and the vaccine was found, but many others are not developed clearly. Especially, this report deals with the[S2] new treatment of cancer and malaria. The new technology of cancer treatment is a tumor-tracking technique which reduces radioactivity in radiotherapy. The Ssecond technique is a genetically modified fungi which can kill malaria parasites in mosquitoes. Both of these medical discoveries are meaningful, the genetically modified fungi shows more to be[S3] helpful to human being, so this report shows a[S4] compareison and contrast of these two techniques and discuss why itthe fungi is the better scientific development.
2.0 Methodology
Firstly, certain information about scientific advances was delineated from articles. e! Science News shows the articles about these two scientific advances. These articles describe minutely about these new techniques such as their[S5] definition, addressed issue and contributions to human progress. Secondly, the information of background knowledge about these two diseases and the effect of these two techniques come from the web sites.
3.0 Findings
Cancer is one of the most serious disease which comescaused [S6]fromby abnormal cells, it divides itself without control and is able to invade other tissues (National Cancer Institute). Figure 1 shows the difference fromof a normal cell andto a cancer cell. Figure 2 bar graph describes the main types of cancer and death toll.
To cure a cancer, [S7]Finding the malignant tumor which invades[S8] another part of the tissues and spreads to the body is a basic form of cancer treatment. Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson’s Kimmel Cancer Center developed a real time tumor-tracking system in Jan 2011. During radiotherapy, unnecessary areas and healthy tissues are exposed to radioactivity. Then, this new technology helps to shrink the exposed area and reduce the radiation. Also, the new 4D types technology can predict elaborate and prevent unnecessary irradiate. Consequently, the side effects are decreased.
Malaria is a parasitic disease which is transmitted by the anopheles mosquito (Medical News Today). Figure 3 shows the occurrency[S9] of the parasite.
NIAID-supported scientists are testing various fungi andby spraying malaria-transmitting mosquitoes which havewith [S10]genetically modified fungus in Jan 2011. This new discovery for malaria is meant in that itto eliminated the root cause of the disease. This genetically modified fungus can kill the malaria parasites without harming the mosquitos. These malaria-transmitting mosquitoes will get rid of malaria parasites.
4.0 Discussion
Both of these two scientific advances are about treatments ofto[S11] serious diseases. Also, these topics are belonging to biochemistry section. However, the scientific significance of these two scientific advances is a little bit different. The main reason of that is that[S12] the modified fungus is more meaninguseful[S13] than the new tumor tracking technique comes from difference of purpose. The purpose of tumor tracking system is to find tumor easily and relieve the harmful effects and side effects from the exposingure to radiation. In contrast, the genetically modified fungus directly kills the cause of malaria, the parasite. In addition, it can be spread in all malaria-endangered area.
This strategy is the new approach to malaria. Previous studies focused on finding vaccine and stopping the disease transmission. Also, to develop insecticides forto exterminate the anopheles mosquitoes which have malaria parasite is to be developed.[S14] However, the anopheles mosquitoes become resistant to insecticides and evolve themselves to overcome vaccine. Therefore, scientists need new method to cure malaria. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) scientists find a way to remove the cause of malaria. That is the parasite and the genetically modified fungus kill parasites without harming the mosquitoes.
Then the new tumor tracking technique lessen the…[S15]
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations?[S16]
Appendix
References
Thomas Jefferson University. "New tumor-tracking technique for radiotherapy spares healthy tissue, could improve cancer treatment." ScienceDaily, 2 Feb. 2011. Web. 19 Jul. 2012.
[S1]For general statements, the plural form of the noun without an article is used.
[S2]Use an article 'the' to introduce definite nouns.
[S3]Use an infinitive to modify an adjective.
[S4]Use an article 'a' to introduce singular indefinite nouns starting with consonant letters.
[S5]Use a possessive pronoun in behalf of its antecedent to express ownership.
[S6]Use a participle to introduce a prepositional phrase.
[S7]Redundant so omit.
[S8]Use the singular form of the verb if the subject is singular.
[S9]Spelling error.
[S10]Use to express an accompaniment.
[S11]The preposition ‘to’ is used to express direction towards something.
[S12]Use ‘that’ to introduce a subordinate clause.
[S13]Use a more suitable word.
[S14]Sentences should be composed of a subject, a verb and a predicate.
[S15]Sentence not finished.
[S16]No conclusion.