The International Research Foundation
for English Language Education
FIRST LANGUAGE USE IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING:
SELECTED REFERENCES
(last updated 7 October 2012)
Addendorf, R. (1996). The functions of code-switching among high school teachers and students in KwaZulu and implications of teacher education. In K. M. Bailey & D. Nunan (Eds.), Voices from the language classroom: Qualitative research in second language education (pp. 388-406). Cambridge: Cambridge Unviersity Press.
Al-Nofaie, H. (2010). The attitudes of teachers and students towards using Arabic in EFL classrooms in Saudi public schools: A case study. Novitas- ROYAL, 4(1), 64-95.
Antón, M., & DiCamilla, F. (1998). Socio-cognitive functions of L1 collaborative interactions in the L2 classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review, 54(3), 314-342.
Aston, G. (1983). The use of English and Italian in classroom management. In S. Holden (Ed).Focus on the Learner(pp. 101-105). London, England: ELT Publications.
Atkinson, D. (1987). The mother tongue in the classroom. ELT Journal,41(4), 241-247.
Auerbach, E.R. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom.TESOL
Quarterly, 27(1), 9-32.
Birch, G.C. (2010). Behind the scenes: An examination of student L1 use.The
Language Teacher, 34(3), 19-24.
Blyth, C. (1995). Redefining the boundaries of language use: The foreign language classroom as a multilingual speech community. In Kramsch, C. (Ed.),Redefining the boundaries of language study (pp. 145-183). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Brooks-Lewis, K. A. (2009). Adult learners’ perceptions of the incorporation of their L1 in foreign language teaching and learning. Applied Linguistics, 30(2), 216-235.
Brooks, F., Donato, R. & McGlone, J.V. (1997). When are they going to say "it" right? Understanding learner talk during pair-work activity. Foreign Language Annals, 30(4), 524-541.
Butzkamm, W. (1998). Code-switching in a bilingual history lesson: The mother tongue as a conversational lubricant.International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism.
Butzkamm, W. (2003). We only learn language once. The role of the mother tongue in FL classrooms: Death of a dogma. Language Learning Journal, 28, 4-14.
Canagarajah, A. S. (1995). Functions of codeswitching in ESL classrooms: Socialising bilingualism in Jaffna. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 6(3), 173-195.
Carless, D. (2007). Student use of the mother tongue in the task-based classroom. ELT Journal, 62(4) 331-337.
Castellotti, V. & Moore, D. (Eds.). (1997). Alternances des langues et apprentissages. Etudes de Linguistique Appliquée, 108.
Castellotti, V. & Moore, D. (Eds.). (1999). Alternances des langues et construction de savoirs. Cahiers du Francais Contemporain, 5.
Clanfield, L., & Foord, D. (2003). Using L1 in the classroom. Humanising Language Teaching, 5(1). Retrieved September 24, 2004, from
Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review, 47, 402-423.
Cook, V. (2008).Second language learning and language teaching(4th ed).
London: Hodder Education.
Corder, S. Pit (1983). A role for the mother tongue. In S.Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House: 85-97.
Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? Modern Language Journal, 94, 103-115.
Cummins, J. (2007). Rethinking monolingual instructional strategies in multilingual classrooms. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10, 221-240.
Davis, P. & Rinvolucri, M. (1990). The confidence book. London: Longman.
de la Campa, J.C., & Nassaji, H. (2009). The amount, purpose, and reasons for
using L1 in L2 classrooms.Foreign Language Annals, 42(4), 742-759.
Duff, P. A., & Polio, C. G. (1990). How much foreign language is there in the foreign language classroom? Modern Language Journal, 74(2), 154-166.
Edstrom, A. (2006). L1 use in the L2 classroom: One teacher’s self-evaluation. Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(2), 275-292.
Ellis, R. (1994).The study of second language acquisition.Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Fakharzadeh, M., & Rasekh, A.E. (2009). Why's of pro-first language use:
Arguments in ESP context.ESP World, 5(26)8, 1-10.
Harbord, J. (1992). The use of the mother tongue in the classroom. ELT Journal, 46(4), 350-355.
Inagaki, S. (1997). Japanese and Chinese learners’ acquisition of the narrow-range rules for the dative alternation in English. Language Learning, 47, 637-669.
Jarvis, S. (2000). Methodological rigor in the study of transfer: Identifying L1 influence in the interlanguage lexicon. Language Learning, 50, 245-309.
Jones, H. (2010).First language communication in the second language
classroom: A valuable or damaging resource?Unpublished master's
thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland,
Canada. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from
Kellerman, E. (1984). The empirical evidence for the influence of the L1 in interlanguage. In A. Davis, C. Criper, & A.P.R Howatt (Eds.), Interlanguage. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Kellerman, E. & Sharwood Smith, M. (Eds.) (1986). Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Kharma, N. N., & Hajjaj, A. H. (1989). Use of the mother tongue in the ESL classroom. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 27, 223-235.
Khassawneh, S. (2011). The attitudes of students towards using Arabic in EFL classrooms at Yarmouk University in Jordan. European Journal of Social sciences, 21(4), 592-602.
Latsanyphones, S., & Bouangeune, S. (2009).Using L1 in teaching vocabulary to low English proficiency level students: A case study at the national university of Laos. English Language Teaching, 2(3), 186-193.
Levine, G. S. (2003). Student and instructor beliefs and attitudes about target language use, first language use, and anxiety: Report of a questionnaire study. Modern Language Journal,87, 343-364.
Littlewood, W., & Yu, B. (2009).First language and target language in the foreign language classroom. Language Teacher,42, 1-14.
Macaro, E. (2001). Analysing student teachers” codeswitching in foreign language classrooms: Theories and decision making. Modern Language Journal, 85(4), 531-548.
Meyer, H. (2008).The pedagogical implications of L1 use in the L2
classroom.Retrieved May 15, 2010, from
Miles, R. (2004).Evaluating the use of L1 in the English classroom.Unpublished
master's dissertation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from
Myojin, C. (2007). The effect of teacher talk in EFL classrooms: The non-use or use of learners’ L1 by an instructor. K@ta, 9(1), 1-18.
Morahan, M. (n.d.).The use of student's first language (L1) in the second
language (L2) classroom.Retrieved May 15, 2010, from
Nakahama, Y. (2005). Nihongo kyooiku ni okeru bogo de no soogoshien no yuukoosei. [Collective scaffolding in L1 at a pre-college level L2 Japanese classroom]. In M. Minami (Ed.), Linguistics and Japanese Language Education IV. Kuroshio Publisher. (pp. 187-198).
Nakahama, Y. (Ed). The Influence of learners' L1 on L2 acquisition: A functional approach to understanding language learning. Report of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)(1)(2003-2005) Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Project No. 15520330. 97-111.
Nation, I. S. P. (2005). The role of the first language in foreign language learning. In P. Robertson, (Ed.), English language learning in the Asian context (pp.35-39). Asian EFL Journal Press.
Nation, P. (2003). The role of the first language in the foreign language
classroom.Asian EFL Journal, 5(2). Retrieved June 1, 2010, from
Ohta, A.S. (2001). Second language acquisition processes in the classroom: Learning Japanese. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Papaefthymiou-Lytra, S. (1990). Explorations in foreign language classroom discourse. Athens, Greece: The University of Athens.
Polio, C.G., & Duff, P. A. (1994). Teachers’ language use in university foreign language classrooms: A qualitative analysis of English and target language alternation. Modern Language Journal, 74(3), 313-326.
Polio, C., & Zyzik, E. (2009). Don Quixote meets ser and estar: Multiple perspectives on language learning in Spanish literature classes. Modern Language Journal, 93, 550-569.
Ringbom, H. (1987). The role of the first language in foreign language learning. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Rolin-Ianziti, J., & Brownlie, S. (2002). Teacher use of the learners' native
language in the foreign language classroom.The Canadian Modern
Language Review, 58(3), 402-436.
Rolin-Ianziti, J. (2003).Justifying selected uses of the learners [sic] first language in the foreign language classroom within communicative languageteaching. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from
Rolin-Ianziti, J., & Varshney, R. (2008). Students' views regarding the use of the first language: An exploratory study in tertiary context maximizing target language use. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 65(2), 249-273.
Schweers, C.W. (1999). Using L1 in the L2 classroom.English Teaching Forum,
37(2), 6-13.
Scott, V.M. (2007).Double talk: L1 in the L2 classroom.Retrieved May 15,2010, from.sitemason.vanderbilt.edu/files/dRIUE/Double%20Talk.ppt
Scott, V. M. & De La Fuente, M. J. (2008). What’s the problem? L2 learners’ use of the L1 during consciousness-raising,form-focused tasks. Modern Language Journal, 92(1) 100-113.
Seng, G., & Hersham, F. (2006). Use of L1 in L2 reading comprehension among tertiary ESL learners. Reading in a Foreign Language,18(1), 1-17.
Sharma, K. (2006). Mother tongue use in English classroom. Journal of Neltav, 1(2), 80-87.
Song, Y., & Andrews, S. (2009). The L1 in L2 learning: Teachers’ beliefs and practices. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
Spada, N. & Lightbown, P. (1999). Instruction, first language influence, and developmental readiness in second language acquisition. Modern Language Journal, 83, 1-22.
Stapa, S.H., & Majid, A.H.A. (2009). The use of first language in developing
ideas in second language writing.European Journal of Social
Sciences, 7(4), 41-47.
Storch, N. & Wigglesworth, G. (2003). Is there a role for the use of the L1 in an L2 setting? TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 760-770.
Swain, M., Kirkpatrick, A., & Cummins, J. (2011). How to have a guilt-free life using Cantonese in the English class: A handbook for the English language teacher in Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China: Research Centre into Language Acquisition and Education in Multilingual Societies, Hong Kong Institute of Education.
Swain, M. & Lapkin, S. (2000). Task-based second language learning: The uses of the first language. Language Teaching Research, 4(3), 251-274.
Tang, J. (2002). Using L1 in the English classroom. English Teaching Forum, January, 36-43.
Turnbull, M. (1999). Multidimensional project-based teaching in french second language (FSL): A process-product study. Modern Language Journal, 83, 548-568.
Turnbull, M. (2001). There is a role for the L1 in second and foreign language teaching, but … Canadian Modern Language Review, 57, 531-540.
Turnbull, M., & Arnett, K. (2002). Teachers' uses of the target and first languages in second and foreign language classrooms. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 22, 204-218.
Turnbull, M., & Dailey-O'Cain, J. (Eds.). (2009).First language use in second
and foreign language learning.Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Üstünel E., & Seedhouse, P. (2005). Why that, in that language, right now? Code-switching and pedagogical focus. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(3), 302-324.
van Lier, L. (1995). The use of L1 in L2 classes. Babylonia, 2, 37-43.
van Lier, L. (2004).The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A
sociocultural perspective.Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
van Lier, L. (2006). Appropriate uses of the L1 in L2 classes. In Nakahama, Y. (Ed.),The Influence of Learners' L1 on L2 Acquisition: A Functional Approach to Understanding Language Learning. Report of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)(1)(2003-2005) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Project No. 15520330. 97-111.
Wells, G. (1999). Using L1 to master L2: A response to Anton and DiCamilla’s “Social-cognitive functions of L1 collaborative interaction in the L2 classroom.” Modern Language Journal, 83, 248-254.
Weschler, J. V. (1997). Uses of Japanese in the English classroom: Introducing the functional-translation method. Journal of Kyoritsu Area Studies,12, 87-110.
Yu, L. (1996). The role of L1 in the acquisition of motion verbs in English by Chinese and Japanese learners. Canadian Modern Language Review, 53, 191-218.
Zampini, M. (1994). The role of native language transfer and task formality in the acquisition of Spanish spirantization. Hispania, 77, 470-481.
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