Potential Final Exam Questions
Earth Chemistry
1. The atomic number of (Xenon is 54) and the atomic number of (Silveris 47). Which of these atomshas more electrons? Explain.
2. Suppose an electrically neutral element has an atomic number of(23)and a massnumber of (48). Calculate the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
3. Please fill in the following table:
Electrical Charge / Mass (a.m.u.) / Located in the nucleus(yes or no)Proton
Neutron
Electron
4. A helium atom has two electrons in its first and only energy level(electron shell). Would you predictthat helium easily forms compounds with other elements? Why or why not?
5. What type of chemical bond, if any, forms between the followingtypes of elements: Metals & Nonmetals, Metals & Metals, and Nonmetals & Nonmetals?
6. Name the families of the Periodic Table and give the name of an element in each family.
Mineral and Rock
7. Name three reasons why color is not a reliable clue to the identity of a mineral. What simple test can beused to determine whether a mineral is gold or pyrite? Explain.
8. Name the six types of nonsilicate minerals and identify the elements that define each type.
9. Explain how a metamorphic rock can change into the other two types of rock through the rock cycle.
10. Explain the difference between an intrusive and extrusive rock. How can you identify each?
11. Name and explain the cause of the two types of metamorphism.
12. Name and describe the two types of igneous, three types of sedimentary, and two types of metamorphic rocks.
Fossils and Geologic Time
13. Explain how three types of mechanical weathering can break down rock material.
14. Explain how three types of chemical weathering can break down rock material.
15. How is erosion different than weathering? Explain the relationship between the twoprocesses.
16. Provide two reasons why seashells are more often preserved than other organisms.
17. Explain three different ways that an entire organism can be preserved.
18. Name the Eras of the Geologic Time Scale and the major life forms for each era.
Last (Water/Atmosphere/Environment) Unit – potential…
19. Explain two reasons why the groundwater of DoorCounty is susceptible to contamination.
20. Explain the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource and give anexample of each.
21. Explain two reasons why the use of alternative energy sources is better than fossil fuel use
22. Draw a diagram and explain how water moves throughout the water cycle.
23. Explain how pressure / temperature systems in the earth’s atmosphere cause surface winds.
24. List the three most abundant gases in the modern atmosphere and their percentages. How does the modern atmosphere differ
from the primitive atmosphere?
Chapter 8Chapter 9
alloy
anioncation|cleavage
atomelement|hardness
moleculecompound|inorganic
atomic numbermass number|luster
chemical propertyphysical property|mineral
covalent bondionic bond|mineralogist
electronneutronproton|nonsilicate mineralsilicate mineral
electron cloudnucleus|pyritequartz
gasliquidsolid|rock-forming mineral
ionisotope|streak
matter
Chapter 10
batholith
cementationcompaction
contact metamorphismregional metamorphism
limestoneobsidian
extrusive igneous rockintrusive igneous rock
felsicmafic
foliated
igneous rockmetamorphic rocksedimentary rock
metamorphism
organic sedimentary rockchemical sedimentary rock clastic sedimentary rock
sediment
stratification
Chapter 11Chapter 12
nonrenewable resource |mechanical weathering
oreplacer depositvein|abrasion
fossil fuel|exfoliation
anthracite bituminous coal lignite |ice wedging
crude oil|organic activity
peat |chemical weathering
renewable resource|acid precipitation
hydroelectric energy|carbonation
solar collector|hydrolysis
geothermal energy|oxidation
nuclear fissionnuclear fusion|plant acids
petrochemicalhydrocarbon |erosion
Chapter 17/18
absolute age relative age
amberfreezingmummificationtar beds
anthropologypaleontology
bedding plane
coprolitegastroliths
evolutiontheory of evolution
geologic column
half-life
invertebratevertebrate
index fossil
law of crosscuttinglaw of superpositionprinciple of uniformitarianism
relationships
petrification
trace fossil
unconformity
angular unconformitydisconformitynonconformity