Figure 1, Comparing CLTS and other sanitation-related processes by organisation

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Pre-ignition / Community visits & rapport building / Local Government capacity building at Upazilla, Union and Ward levels / Community visits & rapport building
Entry PRA / Staff as team, in early communities supported by natural leaders, who take an increasing role in later communities / Staff with support of Para committee and Ward Task Force, who will take an increasing role to materialize govt. plan and become main actor / Staff as team initially with support of community volunteer, who may then take over in later communities
Post entry / Intensive follow up by staff, leaders & community members
Active community based monitoring
Limited role for local government in later communities / Regular follow up by staff including support for Ward & Union Task Forces.
Upazila Task Force meeting led by most senior Upazila official with the Department of Public Health Engineering as member secretary / Relatively light follow up by staff
Active role for Union Council
Immediate post declaration / Light further engagement with CLTS as program of social development activities begins / Staff continue latrine monitoring
Regular hygiene session with schools, children & adolescent girls / Intensive latrine monitoring
Regular hygiene promotion sessions with women, adolescent girls & children
Later / Little input on wider aspects of sanitation / Institutional latrines
Limited water point management
Limited solid waste management / Institutional latrines
Water point management
Limited solid waste management

Figure 2, Comparing programme coverage and study areas

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Programme coverage / Parts of 8 Unions / 8 Upazila / 8 Upazila
Population per field worker / 1,000 / 20,000 / 5,000
Study district / Rangpur / Lalmonirhat / Naogaon
Study focal area / Rajendrapur Union, Rangpur Sadar Upazila / Hatibandha Upazila / Manda Upazila
Soil Type / Sandy loam / Sandy / Sandy loam
Land & water / Relatively flood free / High river erosion & flood prone / Low water table (especially in winter)
Sq. km. / 17 / 288 / 376
Population / 4,000 (a) / 172,000 / 331,000
Density/Sq.Km. / 235 (a) / 598 / 880
Migration / Low / High inwards & internal / Low

(a) Estimate

Table 1, Comparing study communities

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Community / Mosta-pur / Kan-para / Babu- para / Masjid-para / Shaha-pukuria / Khagra –para
Households / 105 / 72 / 67 / 65 / 89 / 88
Poor % / 55 / 58 / 51 / 55 / 54 / 39
Extreme poor % / 19 / 11 / 6 / 14 / 2 / 11
Combined % / 74 / 69 / 57 / 69 / 56 / 50
Hindu % / 100 / 0 / 49 / 0 / 0 / 0

Table 2, Percentage of households adopting different latrine designs

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Community / Mosta-pur / Kan-para / Babu- para / Masjid-para / Shaha-pukuria / Khagra –para
Off-set / 81 / 59 / 33 / 54 / 84 / 72
Pan type
Plastic / 34 / 71 / 27 / 69 / 37 / 33
Concrete / 23 / 29 / 73 / 23 / 26 / 17
Ceramic / - / - / - / - / 26 / 33
Other / 43 / - / - / - / 11 / 17
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100
Pit lining
Bamboo / 47 / 56 / 40 / 54 / - / -
Concrete / 18 / 26 / 31 / 58 / 44
Other / 12 / ?? / 7 / ?? / 16 / 44
Unlined / 23 / ?? / 53 / ?? / 26 / 12
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100
Concrete floor / 57 / 76 / 86 / 69 / 74 / 61
Roof / 29 / 47 / 40 / 59 / 53 / 44
Cost (taka)
Minimum / 150 / 400 / 300 / 200 / 200 / 50
Maximum / 4,000 / 2,500 / 800 / 800 / 1,300 / 15,000

Table 3, Percentage of households with functioning latrines

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Community / Mosta-pur / Kan-para / Babu- para / Masjid-para / Shaha-pukuria / Khagra –para
Have functioning latrine / 94 / 87 / 88 / 100 / 69 / 82
No functioning latrine / 6 / 13 / 12 / 0 / 31 / 18
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100

Table 4, Percentage of households behaving in different ways when replacing their latrines

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Community / Mosta-pur / Kan-para / Babu- para / Masjid-para / Shaha-pukuria / Khagra –para
Still using original latrine / 89 / 53 / 43 / 53 / 50 / 88
Replacing with same design / 41 / 36 / 18 / 18 / 6
Adopting a better design / 11 / 6 / 21 / 29 / 32 / 6
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100

Table 5, Estimated percentage of incidents of defecation performed in open

CARE / Dishari / VERC
Community / Mosta-pur / Kan-para / Babu- para / Masjid-para / Shaha-pukuria / Khagra –para
Before CLTS / 87 / 89 / 87 / 97 / 83 / 93
After CLTS / 14 / 25 / 10 / 20 / 10 / 12
Assessment (a) / Above average / Worst / Above average / Below average / Average / Average

(a) How staff said performance compared with other communities

Table 6, Shahapukuria: Reported cases of diarrhoeal disease before & after intervention

Source / Group / Before/after / Boishak (Ap/Ma) / Jaisht (Ma/Ju) / Ashar (Ju/Jul) / Shrabon (Jul/Au) / Vadro (Au/Se) / Ashin (Se/Oc) / Kartik (Oc/No) / Agrohayan (No/De) / Poush (De/Ja) / Magh (Ja/Fe) / Falgun (Fe/Ma) / Chaitro (Ma/Ap) / Total
M / All / B / 8 / 8 / 10 / 10 / 25 / 25 / 25 / 8 / 8 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 142
A / 3 / 3 / 4 / 4 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 44
% / 38 / 38 / 40 / 40 / 24 / 24 / 24 / 38 / 38 / 40 / 40 / 40 / 31
W / M / B / 5 / 5 / 4 / 4 / 4 / 5 / 5 / 4 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 45
A / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 24
% / 40 / 40 / 50 / 50 / 60 / 88 / 80 / 25 / 33 / 0 / 0 / 60 / 53
W / W / B / 7 / 7 / 4 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 5 / 4 / 5 / 1 / 1 / 5 / 54
A / 4 / 4 / 2 / 2 / 4 / 4 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 29
% / 57 / 57 / 50 / 50 / 80 / 67 / 80 / 25 / 20 / 0 / 0 / 60 / 54
W / C / B / 10 / 10 / 6 / 6 / 10 / 9 / 10 / 7 / 7 / 3 / 3 / 10 / 91
A / 6 / 6 / 3 / 3 / 8 / 7 / 7 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 6 / 55
% / 60 / 60 / 50 / 50 / 80 / 78 / 70 / 29 / 43 / 67 / 67 / 60 / 60
W / All / B / 22 / 22 / 14 / 14 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 15 / 15 / 4 / 4 / 20 / 190
A / 12 / 12 / 7 / 7 / 15 / 15 / 15 / 4 / 5 / 2 / 2 / 12 / 108
% / 55 / 55 / 50 / 50 / 75 / 75 / 75 / 27 / 33 / 50 / 50 / 60 / 57
MP / M / B / 3 / 3 / 4 / 4 / 4 / 4 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 30
A / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 16
% / 67 / 67 / 50 / 50 / 50 / 50 / 67 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 0 / 53
MP / W / B / 2 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 6 / 6 / 5 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 32
A / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 16
% / 50 / 50 / 67 / 67 / 33 / 33 / 40 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 50
MP / C / B / 3 / 3 / 5 / 5 / 20 / 20 / 10 / 6 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 84
A / 3 / 3 / 4 / 4 / 6 / 6 / 4 / 4 / 2 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 41
% / 100 / 100 / 80 / 80 / 30 / 30 / 40 / 67 / 67 / 100 / 33 / 33 / 49
MP / All / B / 8 / 8 / 12 / 12 / 30 / 30 / 18 / 8 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 146
A / 6 / 6 / 8 / 8 / 10 / 10 / 8 / 6 / 2 / 5 / 2 / 2 / 73
% / 75 / 75 / 67 / 67 / 33 / 33 / 44 / 75 / 40 / 100 / 40 / 40 / 50
ShK / All / B / 5 / 5 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 20 / 20 / 10 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 5 / 104
A / 2 / 2 / 5 / 4 / 4 / 10 / 10 / 5 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 47
% / 40 / 40 / 50 / 40 / 40 / 50 / 50 / 50 / 33 / 33 / 33 / 40 / 45
Sources show who provided information: Men, Women, Medical Practitioner, Shop Keeper
Groups indicates whom the information was being provided about: Men, Women, Children
Percentage: shows after as a percentage of before

Table 7, Cases of diarrhoeal disease by month reported by the Hatibandha Upazilla hospital in the pre- and post-CLTS periods

Year / 97 / 98 / 99 / 00 / 01 / 02 / 03 / 04 / 05 / 06 / Tot. / Av. / 97-04 / 05-06
Month
Jan / 10 / 24 / 32 / 32 / 20 / 20 / 21 / 53 / 25 / 237 / 26 / 23 / 39
Feb / 9 / 19 / 22 / 20 / 31 / 42 / 43 / 15 / 45 / 246 / 27 / 27 / 30
Mar / 7 / 7 / 23 / 15 / 12 / 17 / 14 / 18 / 8 / 25 / 146 / 15 / 14 / 17
Apr / 7 / 2 / 20 / 9 / 18 / 33 / 10 / 20 / 13 / 13 / 145 / 15 / 15 / 13
May / 8 / 9 / 25 / 37 / 30 / 55 / 23 / 35 / 13 / 18 / 253 / 25 / 28 / 16
Jun / 28 / 64 / 32 / 42 / 53 / 75 / 38 / 42 / 22 / 50 / 446 / 45 / 47 / 36
Jul / 11 / 59 / 27 / 22 / 44 / 67 / 28 / 33 / 31 / 32 / 354 / 35 / 36 / 32
Aug / 6 / 41 / 11 / 18 / 8 / 42 / 15 / 28 / 13 / 8 / 190 / 19 / 21 / 11
Sep / 8 / 61 / 15 / 14 / 23 / 21 / 53 / 35 / 21 / 15 / 266 / 27 / 29 / 18
Oct / 9 / 66 / 19 / 22 / 15 / 75 / 72 / 34 / 38 / 40 / 390 / 39 / 39 / 39
Nov / 3 / 24 / 20 / 13 / 16 / 13 / 62 / 13 / 15 / 6 / 185 / 19 / 21 / 11
Dec / 9 / 27 / 22 / 13 / 10 / 14 / 22 / 18 / 14 / 5 / 154 / 16 / 17 / 10
Total / 96 / 379 / 257 / 259 / 281 / 463 / 399 / 340 / 256 / 282 / 3012 / 301 / 340 / 269