Fig. S1 RT-PCR of human liver RNA for pancreatic β cell-specific hormones. INSULIN, GLUCAGON, SOMATOSTATIN, and PP (pancreatic polypeptide), and various β cell-specific transcripts including glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), protein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), protein convertase 2 (PC2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog (MAFA), and neurogenic differentiation/β cell E-box transactivator 2 (NEUROD/BETA2) were analyzed. PDX1 regulated liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) (Annicotte et al. 2003) was also analyzed. β-ACTIN was used as control. Total RNA was isolated from a 51-year-old male Caucasian adult who died by sudden death and from a mixture of normal, fetal livers pooled from 63 spontaneously aborted male/female Caucasian fetuses, ages: 22-40 weeks. RNAs from adult and fetal livers were analyzed. RT was then carried out using 1 mg of RNA as a template as described above using cDNA using High Capacity cDNA Synthesis Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Primer sequences and annealing temperatures for each primer set are described in Table S1. PCR was performed as described (Ota et al. 2012; Nakagawa et al. 2013; Yoshimoto et al. 2013) using KAPA SYBR® FAST qPCR Master Mix (Kapa Biosystems, Boston, MA). PCR products were electrophoresed 2.5 % agarose gel and stained by ethidium bromide. A representative photograph is shown.

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