Fdfgo K Zf;G Tyf Hgzlqm Ljsf; Zfvf

-;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf hgzlQm ljsf; zfvf_

@)&#.)&.!)

cjsfz lbg] ;DaGwdf .

>Ldfg\

pk/f]Qm ljifodf lghfdtL lstfjvfgfsf] r=g+ ^%$ ldlt @)&#.$.!^ sf] k|fKt kqfg';f/ o; ljefu cGtu{t ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;+ef/ l8lehg sfof{no cgfdgu/df sfo{/t ;'=O{=-/f=k=k|=k|f=_ >L s[i0f/fh kf08] -s=;+=g+= !@@%!$_ sf] ldlt @)&#.)*.!& df %* jif{ k'/f x'g] ePsf]n] lghnfO{ ldlt @)&#.)*.!* af6 clgjfo{ cjsfz lbg' e} ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; ljefunfO{ lbg'x'g egL n]vL cfPsf] kq o;};fy ;+nUg 5 .

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ## adf]lhd %* jif{ k'u]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g]] Joj:yf ePsf]n] lgh ;'=O{= >L s[i0f/fh kf08]nfO{ ldlt @)&#.)*.!* ut]af6 clgjfo{ cjsfz lbgsf] nflu lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod !@*s= sf] pk lgod # -s_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6 lg0f{o x'g kg]{ ePsf]n] kmfOn dGqfnodf k7fpg :jLs[lt nflu k]z u/]sf] 5' .

======

-ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zfvf clws[t

@)&#.&.@%

ljifo M– ;xefuL x'g] af/] .

O{ >L wd]{Gb| kGyL,

O{ >L hLtf u'?Ë,

O{ >L >L ;Gh' nfld5fg],

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,

aa/dxn, sf7df08f} .

/fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfnaf6 k|fKt r=g+=&#÷@)&#.&$ sf] kqsf] 5fofskL o;};fy ;+nUg 5 . ;f] kqdf pNn]v ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf x'g] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g hfg' x'g cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

af]wfy{

>L /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfn, ======

e[s'6Ld08k, sf7df08f} . -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

>L gof+ zx/ ;dGjo sfof{no, zfvf clws[t

aa/dxn, sf7df08f}

@)&#.%.@)

ljifo M– xflh/L af/] .

>L ejg lgdf{0f ;+ef/ l8lehg sfof{no,

cgfdgu/, sf7df08f} .

o; ljefudf sfhdf /xg' ePsL l;=l8=O{ >L k|lt1f dfgGw/ ldlt @)&# >fj0f ! ut]fb]vL cfh;Dd @ lbg Sof=lj= / ( lbg 3/ ljbf lng' e}] cGo lbg ;fj{hlgs labfsf lbg afx]s ?h' xflh/ x'g' /xg' ePsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5 .

======

-ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zfvf clws[t

@)&#.$.!&

ljifo M– :yfO{ cfjf;Lo cg'dtL af/] .

>L zx/L ljsf; dGqfno,

l;+xb/jf/, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf o; ljefusf OlGhlgo/ >L lgld{iff >]i7 ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).%.!! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ University of Sydney, Australia df Master of Urban & Regional Planning ljifodf cWoog ug{ ;g\ @)!# h'nfO{ @ b]lv @)!% dfr{ !% ;Ddsf] nflu lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod ^!-!v_ adf]lhd cWoog ljbf :jLs[t u/fO{ cWoogdf uPsf]df cWoog kZrft sfof{nodf pkl:yt ge} @)&@.)^.@@ df g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; ci6]«lnofaf6 ;gfvt u/fO{ k]z ePsf] /flhgfdf :jLs[tsf] nflu k]z x'+bf lghn] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dtL lnP glnPsf] v'nfO{ k7fpg lg0f{o ePsf] t/ lgh;+u s'g} dfWodaf6 klg ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;y{ lghn] :yfoL cjf;Lo cg'dtL lnPsf] jf glnPsf] ljifodf lgh cWoog ug{ uPsf] d'n's ci6]«lnog /fhb"tfjf;af6} a'em\g' kg]{ b]lv txf+jf6 k//fi6« dGqfno dfkm{t a'emL Plsg u/L k7fO{ lbg x'g cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

======

-s'df/ k|;fb bxfn_

pk ;lrj

@)&#.#.@^

ljifo M– sfdsfh ug]{ .

>L t]hnfn dfgGw/,

d]sflgS;,

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,

aa/dxn, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf tkfO{nfO{ o; ljefudf /x]sf ;a} vfn] {t ;+ef/sf] Joa:yf ldnfpg v6fOPsf] 5 .

jf]wfy{ ======

d]sflgS; >L t]hnfn dfgGw/, -s'df/ k|;fb bxfn_

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, pk ;lrj

aa/dxn, sf7df08f}

@)&#.#.@^

ljifo M– sfdsfh ug]{ .

>L t]hnfn dfgGw/,

d]sflgS;,

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,

aa/dxn, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf tkfO{nfO{ o; ljefudf /x]sf ;a} vfn] {t ;+ef/sf] Joa:yf ldnfpg v6fOPsf] 5 .

jf]wfy{ ======

d]sflgS; >L t]hnfn dfgGw/, -s'df/ k|;fb bxfn_

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, pk ;lrj

aa/dxn, sf7df08f}

@)&#.#.@^

ljifo M– e'QmfgL ;DaGwdf .

>L s]lGb|o:t/ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{,

aa/dxn, sf7df08f} .

o; ljefusf] ldlt @)&#.)@. sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ e'sDk cfsl:ds ;xfotf cfof]hgf tyf e'sDk cfjf; k"g{lgdf{0f cfof]hgf, cfjf;, a:tL ljsf; ;fj{hlgs ejg tyf ;x/L k"jf{wf/ k'g{lgdf{0f s]lGb|o cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ CL-PIU, cfjf;, a:tL ljsf; ;fj{hlgs ejg tyf ;x/L k"jf{wf/ k'g{lgdf{0f s]lGb|o cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ DL-PIU sf] ljleGg ldltdf ;+rfng ePsf] cGtjf{tf{ sfo{ u/fpg v6fO{Psf] ljleGg kbflwsf/L, ;xfos sd{rf/L / ;xfos sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] kl/>lds b//]6 @)&@ adf]lhd x'g] kfl/>lds ? &,#@,*!(.– -;ft nfv alQ; xhf/ cf7;o pGgfO;_ e'QmfgL ug{ txf+ OsfO{df k7fpbf cGtjf{tf{ tyf glthf k|sfzgsf] tof/L sfo{sf] nflu v6fO{Psf o; ;fy ;+nUg ekf{Odf pNn]lvt s]xL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kfl/>flds e'QmfgL ug{ 5'6 ePsf]n] ;f] 5'6 /sd e'QmfgLsf] nflu txf k7fpg] egL lg0f{o ePsf]n] cfjZos sfuhft ;lxtsf] lg0f{o kmfO{n o;};fy ;+nUg /fvL k7fOPsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5 .

======

-ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zvf clws[t

@)&#.#.!&

ljifo M– hUuf lnhdf lng] ;DaGwdf .

>L zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,

l8ehg sfo{no,

a];L;x/ ndh'Ë .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf To; l8lehg sfof{nosf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu lnhdf hUuf k|fKt ug{ l;kmfl/; tyf ;xdtLsf] nflu k|fKt kq dfyL sf/jfxL x'bf pQm hUuf sfof{nosf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu pko'Qm x'g] gx'g] txf+ af6} :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L k|fljlws k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ nufpg] tyf ;/sf/L hUuf btf{ tyf lnhdf pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{lglt, @)&! sf] bkmf !) adf]lhd ul7t l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; dfu ug]{ egL lg0f{o ePsf]n] pNn]lvt sfuhft pknAw u/fO{ lbg x'g ldlt @)&#.@.@& sf] lg0f{og';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

af]wfy{

sfg"g clws[t >L Clif kf}8]nHo", ======

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu M– ;f] sfo{sf] nflu -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

;dGjosf/L e"ldsfsf] nflu . zvf clws[t

@)&#.#.!$

ljifo M– cg'udg ;DaGwdf .

>L zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,

l8lehg sfof{no, lj/f6gu/ .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf j:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ ;'kl/j]If0f sf] lgoldt ;dLIff tyf :yflgo lgsfonfO{ cjZos ;xhLs/0f Pj+ k[li7kf]if0fsf] lgldQ ul7t s]lGb|o ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;ldltsf] sfo{qmd adf]lhd g]kfn /fHoe/sf * j6f 7"nf Jofkfl/s zx/x? /x]sf guf/klnsfx?df k|f/lDes cg'udg u/L sfof{Gjogsf] l:ylt, ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu o; ljefusf] ldlt @)&#.#.# sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ To; l8lehg l8lehg cGtu{t cg'udgsf] nflu UGDP sf] cfof]hgf lgb]{zs -/f=k=k|=_ >L ;l/tf df:s]Ho" cfpg' x'g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 . cg'udgsf] ;dodf To; l8lehg sfof{no cGtu{tsf gu/kflnsf÷pk dxfgu/kflnsf;+u ;dGjo u/L a}7s tyf 5nkmnsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ x'g lgb]{zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

jf]wfy{ ======

>L pk dxflgb]{zsHo", -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zx/L ljsf;÷cfjfz÷ejg lgdf{0f÷vl/b dxfzfvf zvf clws[t

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, aa/dxn

@)&#.#.!)

ljifo M– aflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d'No+sg kmf/d .

>L ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;+ef/ l8lehg sfof{no, cgfdgu/ sf7df08f},

>L gof+ zx/ cfof]hgf, ;dGjo sfof{no, aa/dxn, sf7df08f},

>L demf}nf zx/ Plss[t zx/L jftfj/0fLo ;'wf/ cfof]hgf,

>L ljz]if ef}lts tyf k'jf{wf/ If]q ljsf; cfof]hgf, aa/dxn,

>L ejg k|ljlw cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd s]Gb|, x]6f}8f,

>L l8lehg sfo{no ;a},

lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/d e/L k7fpg] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] r=g+= %(! ldlt @)&@.#.@% sf] kq / ;f] ;fy ;+nUg kmf/dx?sf] 5fof+ k|lt o;};fy ;+nUg 5g . ;f] kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd ug{ u/fpg x'g cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

======

-ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zvf clws[t

@)&#.#.!)

ljifo M– sd{rf/L ljj/0f ;DaGwdf .

>L ejg k|ljlw cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd s]Gb|, x]6f}8f,

>L ejg lgdf{0f ;+ef/ l8lehg sfof{no, cgfdgu/, sf7df08f},

>L zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,

l8lehg sfo{no ;a},

pk/f]Qm ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] r=g+=@^@ ldlt @)&#.#.# sf] kqsf] 5fof k|lt / o;};fy ;+nUg 5 . ;f] kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd ug{ u/fpg' x'g / ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] o;;fy ;+nUg r=g+= @^^) ldlt @)&#.#.( sf] kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;f] sf] Softcopy ;d]t ;+nUg u/L o; ljefudf & lbg leq pknAw u/fO{ lbg x'g lgb]{zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

======

-ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zvf clws[t

@)&#.#.(

ljifo M– ;b:o tf]lsPsf] jf/] .

O{lGhlgo/ >L ;lag sd{rfo{Ho",

STIUEIP,

aa/dxn, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf zx/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] k=;+=)&@÷&#÷!%) ldlt @)&#.#.! sf] kqaf6 lj6'ldgsf] g]kfn u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f e};s]kl5 lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg] ;a} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?n] al9 nfut tyf ljlzi7 u'0f:t/ sfod ug'{ kg]{ k|fljlws hl6ntf ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df t]>f] kIfaf6 Random sampling / u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ u/L lgdf{0f sfo{sf] :k]l;lkms]zgd} tTsfn} sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] ;DaGwdf Ps sfo{6f]nL agfO{ sfo{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] lglDt b]xfo adf]hdsf] # ;b:oLo 6f]nL u7g ePsf] egL n]vL cfPsf]n] STIUEIP sf] tkm{af6 tkfO{nfO{ ;f] sfo{6f]nLsf] ;b:odf tf]lsPsf] Joxf]/f lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

tklzn

!= l;=l8=O{= zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu –;+of]hs

@= OlGhlgo/, STIUEIP, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu –;b:o

#= clws[t, sf7df08f} pkTosf ljsf; k|lws/0f, cgfdgu/ –;b:o

jf]wfy{ ======

>L zx/L ljsf; dgqfno, -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

l;+xb/jf/, sf7df08f} . zfvf clws[t

>Ldfg\ dxflgb]{zsHo", zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu .

>Ldfg\ pk–dxflgb]{zsHo", zx/L ljsf; dfxfzfvf, ,,

>L STIUEIP, aa/dxn, sf7df08f} .

@)&#.#.(

ljifo M– ;+of]hs tf]lsPsf] jf/] .

l;=l8=O{= >L ;/f]h s'df/ uf]O{tHo",

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf zx/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] k=;+=)&@÷&#÷!%) ldlt @)&#.#.! sf] kqaf6 lj6'ldgsf] g]kfn u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f e};s]kl5 lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg] ;a} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?n] al9 nfut tyf ljlzi7 u'0f:t/ sfod ug'{ kg]{ k|fljlws hl6ntf ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df t]>f] kIfaf6 Random sampling / u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ u/L lgdf{0f sfo{sf] :k]l;lkms]zgd} tTsfn} sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] ;DaGwdf Ps sfo{6f]nL agfO{ sfo{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] lglDt b]xfo adf]hdsf] # ;b:oLo 6f]nL u7g ePsf] egL n]vL cfPsf]n] o; ljefusf] tkm{af6 ;f] sfo{6f]nLsf] ;+of]hsdf tkfOnfO{ tf]lsPsf] Joxf]/f lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

tklzn

!= l;=l8=O{= zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu –;+of]hs

@= OlGhlgo/, STIUEIP, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu –;b:o

#= clws[t, sf7df08f} pkTosf ljsf; k|lws/0f, cgfdgu/ –;b:o

jf]wfy{ ======

L zx/L ljsf; dgqfno, -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

l;+xb/jf/, sf7df08f} . zfvf clws[t

>Ldfg\ dxflgb]{zsHo", zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu .

>Ldfg\ pk–dxflgb]{zsHo", zx/L ljsf; dfxfzfvf, ,,

@)&#.#.(

ljifo M– k|ltj]bg k7fOPsf] jf/] .

>L zx/L ljsf; dGqfno,

l;+xb/jf/, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf txf+sf] k=;+=)&@.&#÷!$& r=g+= @%&$ ldlt @)&#.@.@* sf] kqjf6 ;fs{sf ædxf;lrj dxfdlxd >L ch'{g axfb'/ yfkfHo"sf] sf7df08f} dxf/fhu+hl:yt lgjf; kl/;/df ;fj{hlgs 9n lgsf; cJojl:yt /x]sf]n] ;f] sf] :ynut gLl/If0f u/L lbw{sflng ;dfwfgsf] nflu /fo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ n]vL cfPsf]df ;f] sfo{sf] nflu o; ljefusf l;=l8=O{ >L s?0ff/Tg zfSonfO{ v6fO{ lghaf6 k|fKt /fo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg o;};fy ;+nUg /fvL k7fO{Psf] Joxf]/f cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

jf]wfy{ ======

>Ldfg\ dxflgb]{zsHo", zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

zfvf clws[st

@)&#.#.(

ljifo M– k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ jf/] .

>L ;'lbk cfrfo{Ho",

l;=l8=O{,

ejg k|ljlw cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd s]Gb|,

x]6f}8f .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf l/l4l;4 sG;6«S;g ;d]tn] l8lehg sfo{no k;f{ lj?4 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg ljefu, /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|nfO{ ;d]t jf]wfy{ lbO{ lbPsf] ph'/L lgj]bgsf] kmf]6f]skL ;d]t o;};fy ;+nUg 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf cljnDa 5fgljg u/L ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg & -;ft_ lbg leq o; ljefudf k]z ug{ x'g tkfOnfO{ v6fOPsf] Joxf]/f o; ljefusf] ldlt @)&#.#.* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

ph'/Lsf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]/f M ældlt @)&!.!!.* df s'g} ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 5}g egL ;f]Wbf gf=;'= tyf Psfp06]06n] s'g} ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] 5}g eg]sf] t/ ldlt @)&!.!!.!) hfbf eg] s]xL Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;"rgf ljgf u}/ sfg'gL ?kdf 6]08/ ljlqm u/]sf] kfOof] . o;y{ u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf ePsf] 6]08/ /2 u/L k'gM ;"rgf u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL ljrdf k|ltkwf{ u/fO{of]; .Æ

jf]wfy{ ======

>L zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

l8lehg sfof{no, k;f{ . zfvf clws[st

@)&#.#.*

ljifo M– ;r]t u/fO{ hfgsf/L k7fO{ lbg] jf/] .

>L l8lehg k|d'vHo",

;:k]G;g la|h l8lehg, nlntk'/ .,

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf xfn txf+ sfof{nodf sfo{/t n]vf clws[t >L lji0f' k|;fb zdf{ o; ljefu cGtu{t l8lehg sfof{no, g'jfsf]6sf] n]vf k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfo{/t /xbf cf=j= @)^^.^& sf] j=p=l;= g+=&)–$–*%% Plss[t lhNnf :jf:Yo sfo{qmd tkm{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf of]hgfx?df ljlgof]hg /sd eGbf a9L sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg gu/fO{ vr{ u/]sf] x'Fbf d=n]=k= a]?h' sfod ePsf]df ;f] a]?h' /sd lgoldt ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu sf/jfxL x'bf To:tf] clgoldt ?kdf vr{ ug]{x?nfO{ cj cfOGbf o:tf] uNtL gbf]xf]¥ofpg] u/L lghfdtL ;]jf lgdfjnL @)%) sf] lgod %%s adf]lhd Ps k6snfO{ ;r]t u/fpg] egL lg0f{o ePsf]n] lghnfO{ ;r]t u/fO{ ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; ljefudf k7fO{ lbg' x'g egL o; ljefuaf6 r=g+=^!( ldlt @)&!.!).@) df / r=g+= &)) ldlt @)&!.!!.@^ k'gM tfs]t kq k7fpbf klg ;f] sf] hfgsf/L xfn;Dd klg k|fKt gePsf] x'bf a]?h' km5\of}{6sf] sfo{df afwf k/L /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf k'gM kq n]Vg] egL o; ljefusf] ldlt @)&#.#.* df lg0f{o ePsf] x'bf lgh n]=c=>L lji0f' k|;fb zdf{nfO{ ;r]t u/fO{ % lbg leq ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; ljefunfO{ pknJw u/fO{ lbg' e} a]?h' km5\of}{6 sfo{df ;xof]u u/L lbg' x'g k'gM cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

tklzn

jf]wfy{ ======

>L dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{no, -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

cgfdgu/, sf7df08f} M a]?h' km5\of}{6 sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos zfvf clws[t

;xof]u nflu cg'/f]w 5 .

@)&#.#.%

ljifo M– kq k7fO{Psf] jf/] .

>L vfg]kflg tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu,

kflgkf]v/L, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf sf7df08f} lhNnf cbfntsf] k=;+=@)&@.&# r=g+= ^(( ldltM– @)&#.@.@& sf] 9n lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] kq o; ljefu k|fKt ePsf] df ;f] kq txf+ ljefu;+u ;DaGwL b]lvPsf]n] o;} ;fy ;+nUg /fvL cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu k7fOPsf] Joxf]/f cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

jf]wfy{ ======

>L sf7df08f} lhNnf cbfnt, -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_

aa/dxn, sf7df08f} . zfvf clws[st

@)&#.#.%

ljifo M– 5fgljg ;DaGwdf .

>L zx/L ljsf; dGqfno,

l;+xbjf/, sf7df08f} .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|sf] k=;+=@)&@.&# r=g+=!^@#)@@^% ldlt @)&@.!!.!) s] kq;fy ;+nUg ph'/L ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ o; ljefusf] l;=l8=O{= >L ;'/f]h kf}8]n -;+of]hs_ / zfvf clws[t >L df]xg sf]O{/fnf -;b:o_ ;lDdlnt 6f]nLnfO{ tf]lsPsf]df l;=l8=O{= >L ;'/f]h kf}8]n of]hgfsf] sfdn] / zf=c= >L df]xg sf1]O/fnf JolQmut sf/0fn] 3/ ljbfdf a:g' ePsf]n] lghx?sf] ;§f l;=l8=O{ >L s?0ff/Tg zfSo -;+of]hs_ / sg"g clws[t >L Clif kf}8]n -;b:o_ /xg] u/L 6f]nL u7g u/L k7fO{ lbg x'g o; ljefusf] ldlt @)&#.#.% sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

======

-s'df/ k|;fb bxfn_

pk ;lrj

@)&#.#.@

ljifo M– k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ jf/] .

l;=l8=O{= >L s/0f/Tg zfSoHo"

zx/L jftfj/0f zfvf,

zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu .

pk/f]Qm ljifodf k//fi6« dGqfnosf] l;=g+= SAARC/073/UDM/32.10/825 ldlt @)&#.@.!$ sf] kqjf6 dfxf;lrj dfxfdlxd >L ch'{g axfb'/ yfkfHo"sf] sf7df08f} dxf/fhu+h l:yt lgjf; kl/;/;+u}sf] 9n lgsfz cJojl:yt /x]sf] / jiff{tsf] ;do k"j{g} cfjudgdf sl7gfO{ eO{ :jf:Yo tyf dgf];fdflhs c;/ kl//x]sf]n] oyflz3| ;Daf]wg ul/lbg x'g egL n]lv cfPsf] ;DaGwdf ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] k=;+= )&@÷&#.!$& r=g+= @%&$ ldlt @)&#.@.@* sf] kqjf6 ;f] ;DaGwdf t'?Gt sfjf{xL cul8 a9fpg / :ynut lgl/If0f u/L lb3{sflng ;dfwfg ug{{ /fo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg dGqfnodf k7fpg egL n]vL cfPsf]n] pQm sfo{sf] nflu tkfO{nfO{ v6fO{Psf] 5 . ;f] :yfgsf] :ynut lgl/If0f u/L ;f] sf] lb3{sflng ;dfwfgsf] nflu /fo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg oyflz3| rf8} k]z ug{ x'g cfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .

jf]wfy{ ======

>Ldfg\ dxflgb]{zsHo", zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu . -ch'{g s'df/ sfsL{_