Fascism and World War 2 Study Guide:

1.  Know how Hitler and Stalin rose to power and the methods they used to become dictators (Hitler My Notes, Stalin Reading)

2.  Be able to explain Fascism and differentiate between, Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler
(Two readings)
Extreme form of nationalistic Gov. Characterized by a dictator demanding loyalty to the dictator
and second to the state. Authoritarian. People have no rights. War seen as strength and necessary.

Hitler / Stalin / Mussolini
Original Gov National Socialism
A New Germany (3rd Reich that would rule 1000 years.)
master race purity of blood
No Ind. Rights
Starts of WW2
Holocaust
War is Necessary / Gov. Communist – Stalin takes over after Lenin
Modernize and Industrialize
Goal to create a future Communist state to rule world.
Apply principles of Communist manifesto.
No Individual Rights
Purges kills millions of his own
War is Necessary / Gov. Creates first Fascist party. Socialist Gov. Killed by his own people
Restore Roman Empire
No individual rights
War is necessary

3.  What were the long term goals for:
Mussolini – Reestablish Roman Empire
Hitler - Create a pure Aryan master Race
Stalin - Create the futures most powerful nation, spreading communism world wide

4.  How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles leading Europe to war
Rearming military air force and navy, Annexing Austria, Rhineland, Creating the draft.

5.  Why did the world allow Hitler to break the Treaty of Versailles
Great depression, aversion to war, appeasement, Failure of league of Nations

6.  Why was the Munich Agreement an act of appeasement
Giving up Czechoslovakia for peace

7.  Know reasons for American Isolationism
Failure to Join League of Nations after WW1
Great Depression and aversion to war

8.  Know how America remained neutral while at the same time supporting Brittan and France
Lend Lease - Roosevelt sends large amounts of US weapons and ammunition "surplus"
Included 50 Destroyers. Shipment to Britain in mid-1940. Leasing some British Islands as bases.
US becomes the “Arsenal of democracy” Weapon supplier to our future allies

9.  Know cause and effects leading America to War
German U-boat attacks in the Atlantic become an election issue
Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor. FDR Speech. A day that will live in infamy. Congress declares war.
US becomes Arsenal of Democracy

10.  What was Japan's motive to attack Pearl Harbor?
After attacking China and Indochina US Puts and embargo (illegal to sell to) on oil, steel,
scrap iron, and aviation fuel to Japan. Japan has no natural resources as an Island nation.
Japan attacks US to prevent any intervention on their imperialistic needs.

11.  Know the ideological reasons for the Holocaust and documents proving it was a state run operation
planned from the highest level (Document Based Evidence)

Hitler – purity (cleanliness, hygiene) of German blood is most important. Eliminate all corrupting
influences to allow the pure German "master race" to evolve. Nuremberg Laws, Racial Purity, Removal of citizenship from Jews. employment of Jews, Intermarriage outlawed
Hitler Social Darwinism “nature is cruel.” Sacrifice Germans to eliminate Millions of an inferior race.
Himmler’s Speech to SS officers “Party officials say it’s easy. We know it is hard.”
using terms both the euphemism "evacuate" then the real word "extermination" in present tense. "You are doing it and... remaining decent. “….A chapter the world must never know”.
SS Doctors: Extermination of the feeble minded, Epilepsy, old age .
Dr. Mengle, Brandt, Oftenhause Medical Experiments. Letter to Himmler requesting "human material" prisoners, feeble minded, Jews, etc. for High Altitude tests.
SS Commandant: Concentration modification to kill more. Ordering Zyklon B and Gas chamber door by SS

12.  Know the purpose and outcome of the Yalta Conference
UN Created by Roosevelt
Stalin gains all eastern European Territory (promises free elections fails to do so)
Millions fall under Stalin Rule
Churchill Warns of an “Iron Curtain” descending over the European foreshadowing the cold war
and Stalin’s power

13.  Know the specific arguments for and against the dropping of the Atomic Bomb
For:

US was attacked by Japan
Japan has not abided by any rule of war (Savage attacks of innocents, inhumane treatment of prisoners)
Invasion would cost millions of lives.
Japan would not surrender
Bomb would end war save lives of Americans and Japanese
Warn Stalin of our power.
We do not want Stalin involved in Helping fight Japan. He could turn his sights towards China Japan, even us.

Against :
Once bomb used it will always be used
Arms race
America could never hold the moral high ground
Japan on verge of collapse
Soviets would fight Japanese

14.  How was the Marshall Plan different from the Versailles Treaty?
Rebuild Democratic section of Germany West Germany, Build up Japan
Over see democratic institutions. Engagement rather than punishment

15.  Know the significance and the outcome of the Nuremberg Trials
First time top leaders are tried by a World Court on crimes against humanity.
Holds leaders accountable for war crimes


World War 2 Study Guide:
Identify/define and know the significance
Use separate paper if needed to write complete answers

Treaty of Versailles -1919 Treaty ending ww1. Punishes Germany with War Guilt Clause Leads to rise of Hitler.Franklyn Delano Roosevelt (FDR) – US President from pre ww2 until death before end of warNeville Chamberlin – English Prime Minister, participated in Munich Conference. “Peace in our Time”Munich Agreement – France, Germany, England meet give Hitler Czechoslovakia in return for peaceAppeasement – Giving into an aggressors demands in return for peaceWinston Churchill – English Prime Minister during ww2Charles de Gaulle – Leader of the French resistance movement following the fall of France

Fascism- a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.Benito Mussolini – Italian dictator creates modern Fascism Joseph Stalin – Successor to Lenin over saw modernization of Soviet Union, WW2 and Cold war until death in 1954Adolf Hitler – Leader of the Nazis. Started WW2Emperor Hirohito – Emperor of Japan, seen as a god on earthHideki Tojo – Prime Minister of Japan during ww2Dwight Eisenhower – Leader of the allied forces in Europe. In charge of D- DayLend Lease – Plan to support Brittan and staying neutral. Lend weapons in return for leasing British islandsPearl Harbor – Home to the US Pacific Fleet. Attack by Japanese bring US into the warD Day – Largest invasion in the world. Allied forces cross the English Channel to attack Normandy to Free the French and fight war in EuropeVE Day – Victory Europe Germany surrenders. May 1945VJ Day – Japan Surrenders August 1945Battle of Midway and Iwo JimaHarry Truman – Takes over President after FDR Dies. Drops atomic bombs on Japan to end the war.Manhattan Project – Overall term associated with the program to create the Atomic BombFatman and Little Boy – Two Atomic Bombs dropped onLos Alamos – Main lab of the Manhattan Project in New MexicoAxis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact, which became known as theAxisalliance.Allied Powers Great Britain, Soviet Union, France, USOperation Barbarossa – Nazi attack of Soviet UnionBattle of Stalingrad – Key battle 500,000 soviets dead 750,000 Germans dead. March towards BerlinVichy Government – Nazi Controlled French Government under German occupationMein Kamp – Hitler Book of ideology written in prison after Beerhall PutschEugenics – using positive breeding traits to create a superior speciesEuthanasia – Mercy KillingKristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) – Order from SS to Nationwide police to destroy Jewish property and arrest Jews to send to camps. Careful orders not to damage anything GermanJewish Codes or Nuremberg Laws – 1935 takes away citizenship from Jews. Jews fired from work, Could not employ Germans, Not allowed to marryFinal Solution – decision to eliminate Jews on an industrial massive levelHolocaust – Systematic killing of 6 million Jews during WW2Zyklon B – Poison Gas used to kill Jews in Concentration campsNuremberg Trials- Held in Nuremberg Germany and Broadcast to the world, first time ever, Trial against top Nazis tried as war criminalsJoseph Gobles – Propaganda Minister. In charge of all media messages and spread of information.Heinrich Himmler – Head of the SSConcentration Camp – Series of labor death camps, Auschwitz, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen