Fall 2016/Reading 3/Young/Affixes

Fall 2016/Reading 3/Young/Affixes

Below are tables with roots and affixes that you must know in order to pass Reading 3. Some websites with their meanings and example words are:

• (There is a separate link on this page to suffixes.)

There are other websites, too—just google “affixes and roots.” The websites above, however, do not show the parts of speech for suffixes, which are essential to know, and on which you will be tested. These are included in the expanded lists on the pages following this one. The expanded lists also have space for you to make notes.

LEVEL 1 ROOTS AND AFFIXES

(review)

-able / -er/-or / -ish / -less / -ly
-ness / -th / -y / non- / un-

LEVEL 2 ROOTS AND AFFIXES

(review)

-al / -ation / -ess / -ful
-ism / -ist / -ity / -ize
-ous / in- / -ment
-ar / -ate / -some / -ure / ab-
ad- / com- / de- / dis- / ex-
in- / ob- / per- / pro- / trans-

LEVEL 3 ROOTS AND AFFIXES

-an / -ance / -ant / anti- / -ary
-atory / -dom / -eer / ante- / arch-
bi- / circum- / counter - / en- / fore-
inter- / mid- / neo- / -en
-ence / -ent / -ese / -esque
-ette ,-et / -hood / -I / -ian / -ism
-ist / -ite / -ive / -let / -ling
-ly / -most / post- / pro-
semi- / sub- / un- / -ship / -ward
-ways / -wise

EXPANDED LISTS WITH EXAMPLE WORDS

LEVEL 1

ROOT/AFFIX / MEANING / PART OF
SPEECH / EXAMPLE WORD
-able / adjective / doable, comparable
-er/-or / noun / computer, professor
-ish / adjective / Jewish, childish
-less / adjective / helpless
-ly / adverb / frequently
-ness / noun / kindness
-th / noun / depth, width, length
-y / adjective / happy
non- / X / nonsense
un- / X / unnatural

LEVEL 2

ROOT/AFFIX / MEANING / PART OF
SPEECH / EXAMPLE WORD
-al / adjective / natural
-ation, -tion, -sion / noun / duration, invention, comprehension
-ess / female / noun / waitress, lioness
-ful / adjective / helpful
-ism / noun / racism
-ist / noun / racist
-ity / noun / nationality

LEVEL 2 CONTINUED

ROOT/AFFIX / MEANING / PART OF
SPEECH / EXAMPLE WORD
-ize / verb / nationalize
-ous / adjective / famous
in- / X / incredible
-ment / noun / government
-ar / adjective / solar
-ate / adjective
verb / affectionate
activate
-some / adjective
noun / quarrelsome
foursome
-ure / noun / failure
ab- / from, away, off / X / abnormal
ad- / to, toward, near / X / admit
com-, co-, col-, con- / X / community, copilot, collaborate, convene
de- / reduce, away, down, remove / X / debug
dis- / X / disappear
ex- / from, out / X / export
ob- / in the way, against / X / obscure, object (v)
per- / through, throughout / X / permanent
pro- / before, in front of, for, forward / X / prognosis, prologue, prophecy
trans- / across, beyond, through / X / transfer, transport

LEVEL 3

ROOT/AFFIX / MEANING / PART OF SPEECH / EXAMPLE WORD
-an / not, without / X / anhydrous
-ance / noun / brilliance, annoyance
-ant / a person who
inclined to, tending to / noun
adjective / immigrant, applicant
brilliant, defiant
anti- / against, opposite of / X / antisocial
-ary / of or relating to / adjective, noun / secondary, military
-atory, -ory / relating to / noun / dormitory, laboratory
-dom / condition of, state, realm / noun / boredom, kingdom, freedom
-eer / associated with, engaged in / noun, verb / engineer, volunteer
ante- / before, in front / X / anteroom, antecedent
arch- / chief, most important, rule / X / archenemy, monarch
arch- / primitive, ancient / X / archeology, archaic
bi- / two / X / biannual, binoculars
circum- / around, about / X / circumnavigate, circumscribe
counter- / opposite, contrary, opposing / X / counteract
en- / cause to become / X / enlarge
fore- / in front of, previous, earlier / X / forecast, forebear
inter- / between, among, jointly / X / international, intersection
mid- / middle / X / midterm, midway
neo- / new, recent / X / neoclassic, neonatal

LEVEL 3 (continued)

ROOT/AFFIX / MEANING / PART OF SPEECH / EXAMPLE WORD
-en / make, become / verb / strengthen
-ence, -ance / noun / absence, attendance
-ent / performing, causing
one who performs or causes / adjective
noun / competent
correspondent
-ese / relating to a place / adjective, noun / Japanese, Chinese
-esque / in the style of / adjective / picturesque,
Lady Gaga-esque
-ette, -et / makes something smaller / noun / kitchenette, cigarette
-hood / state, condition, or quality / noun / childhood, neighborhood
-i / makes plural (nouns ending in –us) / noun / thesauri, syllabi
-ian / relating to / noun, adjective / Martian, musician
-ism / state or quality / noun / heroism
-ist / person who does an action / noun / scientist, artist
-ite / resident of, follower, product of / noun / suburbanite, dynamite
-ive / inclined to, quality of, that which / adjective / expensive, attractive
-let / version of, making smaller / noun / booklet, piglet
-ling / younger or inferior / noun / duckling, underling
-ly / in what manner / adverb / happily, badly
-most / makes superlative / adjective / outermost
post- / after, behind / X / postpone, postscript
pro- / before, in front of, for, forward / X / prognosis, prologue, prophecy

LEVEL 3 (continued)

ROOT/AFFIX / MEANING / PART OF SPEECH / EXAMPLE WORD
semi- / half, partial / X / semisweet, semicircle
sub- / under, lower than, inferior to / X / submarine, substandard
un- / not, opposite of, lacking / X / unfair, unfriendly
-ship / state or condition of, skill of / noun / friendship, musicianship
-ward / specifies direction / adverb / backward, eastward. homeward
-ways / in the manner or direction / adverb / sideways
-wise / in the manner or direction / adverb / lengthwise, clockwise