Everything in the world is either matter or energy.
Matter – matter is any substance with mass or volume(takes up space).
All matter is composed of elements. T he smallest part of an element which is still that element is called an atom.
Build an Atom Answers
- UsingBuild an Atom, talk with your partner as you play with the parts of atoms to find …
- What parts goin the center of the atom?
PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
What is the center called?
NUCLEUS
- Play until you discover a good rule for making the center of the atom “stable”.What seems to make the center of the atom“unstable”?
A STABLE ATOM TENDS TO HAVE AN EQUAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS. AN UNSTABLE ATOM TENDS TO HAVE AN UNEQUAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS.
Make a table like the one below to identify three examples – at least 1 stable and at least 1 unstable – that shows your rulesfor stablility work and include a drawing of your nucleus. ANSWERS VARY
What is in your nucleus? / Draw your nucleus / Is it stable or unstable? / What Element is it?1 / # protons, # neutron / Stable if #P = #N, Unstable if #P is not equal to #N / Based on number of protons
2
3
- Everything around us is made up of different elements. The air has Oxygen and Nitrogen. Plants and people have lots of Carbon. Helium is in balloons. Hydrogen is in water.
-Play until you discover a rule for what determines the name of the element you build. What did you find determines the element?
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS DETERMINES THE TYPE OF ELEMENT/ATOM
-Test your idea by identifying the element for the 3 cases. Write down the information you use to determine the element.
example / Atom or Ion has / What Element is it?1 / # of protons: 6
# of neutrons: 6
# of electrons: 6 / carbon
2 / # of protons: 7
# of neutrons: 6
# of electrons: 6 / nitrogen
3 / # of protons: 6
# of neutrons: 7
# of electrons: 7 / carbon
- Play until you discover some good rules about thechargeof your atom or ion.
- What is a rule for making:
1)A neutral atom which has no charge.
The number of protons = number of electrons
2)A positive ionwhich has positive charge?
The number of protons > the number of electrons
3)A negative ionwhich has negative charge?
The number of protons < the number of electrons
- Talk about how you used the tools in the simhelped you decide if the atom had a positive, negative, or 0 charge.
You could count the number of protons and electrons in the top left corner; use the net charge indicator or the ion indicator.
- Make a table like the one below to identify three examples of atoms and ions (1 neutral with 0 extra charges, 1 with a positive charge, and 1 with a negative charge) that show your rulesfor charge work and include a drawing of your atom.(All of your examples should also have a stable nucleus.)ANSWERS VARY
What is in your
atom or ions? / Draw your
atom or ion / What is
the charge? / Is it a neutral atom, positive ion,
or negative ion?
1 / # of protons: 7
# of neutrons: 8
# of electrons: 7 / / 0 / Neutral atom
2 / # of protons: 8
# of neutrons: 8
# of electrons: 7 / / +1 / Positive ion
3 / # of protons: 7
# of neutrons: 6
# of electrons: 8 / / -1 / Negative ion
Play until you discover some good rules about the mass of your atom or ion.
- What is a rule for determining the mass?
Add the number of protons and the number of neutrons to get the atomic mass.
- Using all of your rules, figure out what changes for each of these changes to an atom or ion. Copy this table and make predictions, then test your ideas with the simulation. If you have new ideas, rewrite your rules.
Make the change: / What changes also? Element name, charge, mass?
Add a proton / Element name, charge and mass
Remove a neutron / mass
Remove an electron / charge
Add an electron / charge
- Partner Discussion. Make sure you know working definitions for: nucleus, proton, neutron, electron, atom, ion, charge, neutral, atomic mass, and element
1. Nucleus – center of the atom holds protons and neutrons, most of the atoms mass is here
2. Protons – positive charge subatomic particle with a mass of 1 amu each, in the nucleus
3. Neutrons – no charge subatomic particle with a mass of 1 amu each, in the nucleus
4. Electrons – negative charge subatomic particle with no mass, located outside the nucleus in the electron cloud
5. Atom – the smallest part of an element/matter
6. Ion – an atom with a charge
7. Charge – positive or negative tendencies of an atom which tend to attract those that are different and repel those that are the same.
8. Neutral – the tendency for a substance to have no charge because positive and negative charges are equal.
9. Atomic mass - the mass of an atom which equals the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
10. Element – The approximately 92 natural elements (Over 103 if you count manmade elements) which can combine together to make up all matter. The smallest part of an element, which is still that particular element, is an atom.