EOCT Review –Chapters 7-10 of US Hist. Text
Define the following vocabulary:
1. Erie Canal: connected Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean in 1825. Lowered transport costs and opened western NY to settlement
2. New York City: capital of US until 1790. Largest pop. By 1835. Trade center and home to artisans, craftsmen, & banking
3. Monroe Doctrine: US would prevent European nations from interfering with American countries. US neutral in Europe affairs
4. Industrial Revolution: period of 1800s when power driven machines replaced hand tools by skilled laborers
5. Eli Whitney: American inventor of cotton gin and interchangeable parts
6. Cotton Gin: removes seeds from cotton, reduced cost of process raising profits for growing cotton
7. Interchangeable Parts: identical parts made so only a broken part used to repair instead of replacing whole machine (muskets are example)
8. Manifest Destiny: idea that US would naturally occupy land between Atlantic and Pacific. “Obvious” “fate” – economic and racist motives
9. Temperance Movement: restrict alcohol- led to increased Protestantism and foundation for women’s movement
10. Abolitionism: abolish slavery and not allow it in new territories. Political issue and led to women’s movement
11. Public School Reform: require school attendance in tax supported school and required trained teachers
12. Women’s Suffrage: women did not have the right to vote (suffrage) or legal custody of children in early 1800s
13. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: outspoken women’s rights supporter for voting, parental, and custody rights
14. Senecca Falls Conference: 1848 organized by Stanton—was 1st women’s rights convention. Held in NY & began movement
15. Jacksonian Democracy: stronger presidency & weaker Congress, greater public participation in govt, voting expanded to all white males, not just landowners. Also supported politicians appointing followers to govt jobs (spoils system)
16. American Nationalism: duty to expand Protestantism and English ancestry and culture all the way to the Pacific
17. Abolitionism: campaign to abolish slavery immediately and grant no financial compensation to slave owners- led to N vs S
18. William Lloyd Garrison: abolitionist writer and editor of The Liberator that printed graphic stories of poor slave treatment
19. Frederick Douglass: former slave, worked for abolition with Garrison by giving speeches and published autobiography
20. The Grimke Sisters: Angelina and Sarah grew up on plantation but supported abolition and lectured publicly in North
21. Missouri Compromise of 1820: Missouri would end balance of states. Comp. allowed Missouri in as slave and Maine in free with line drawn to determine future territory slave status
22. Nat Turner’s Rebellion: African American preacher who believed his mission on Earth was to free his people. Led rebellion in VA killing 60 whites. He was captured and executed
23. Nullification Crisis: VP John C. Calhoun argued with Andrew Jackson about the rights of states to nullify federal laws they opposed- South wanted to nullify a high tariff
24. John C. Calhoun: resigned as VP to help South Carolina and south to oppose the tariff that hurt southern plantations
25. Sectionalism: loyalty to the southern region of the US , not to the US as a whole. Started with Nullification Crisis
26. States’ Rights: states have certain rights and political powers separate from federal govt and federal govt may not interfere
27. Mexican American War: US annexation of Texas led to war with Mexico which US won and gained California and New Mexico in the settlement of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
28. Wilmot Proviso: attempt to prevent slavery in the new territories of California and New Mexico that did not pass
29. Compromise of 1850: 5 part law that eased sectional tension over slavery for a brief time--- see below
30. Kansas Nebraska Act: repealed the Missouri Compromise and gave settlers right to decide for themselves slavery issue
31. Popular Sovereignty: rule by the people--- provision used to settle Kansas and Nebraska territorial issue
32. Dred Scott Decision: SC rejected Scott’s claim of freedom saying no African American – even free- could be a US citizen. Said Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories. Gave slavery protection of the US Constitution
33. John Brown: abolitionist fought slavery with violence. Attacked proslavery settlers in Kansas. Led raid at Harpers Ferry arsenal in Virginia. Convicted and executed. Terrorist or Martyr?
34. Abraham Lincoln: Republican elected President in 1860 which prompted South Carolina to secede followed by MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX forming the Confederate States of America
Compromise of 1850
1) New Mexico carved from Texas
2) New Mexico voters would determine slavery
3) California admitted as free state
4) Citizens required to apprehend runaway slaves and return them to their owners. Those who did not would be fined or imprisoned
5) Slave trade would be abolished in District of Columbia, but slavery itself would continue there.