EOCT Review Chapters 23 - 27 of US Hist. Text
EOCT Review –Chapters 23 - 27 of US Hist. Text
Define the following vocabulary:
1. Allied Powers: WWII alliance of China, France, Great Britain,
2. Axis Powers: WWII alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan
3. A. Philip Randolph: founded Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union that protested discrimination and got FDR to order discrimination end in industries receiving fed. funds
4. Pearl Harbor; US Navy base in Hawaii attacked by Japan on Dec. 7, 1941 prompting US to enter WWII
5. Internment: rural prison camps where people of Japanese ancestry were held fearing spies and sabotage after Pear Harbor
6. Mobilization: effort to equip soldiers with weapons and supplies by turning US industry in to war suppliers
7. Wartime Conservation: nationwide drive to collect materials to recycle and use in war production
8. Rationing: each household received a coupon book to buy scarce items to help save for the war effort
9. Lend-Lease: lend military equipment and supplies to any nation the Pres. said was vital to US defense.- GB benefitted
10. Battle of Midway: US navy won sea battle against Japan. Boost to morale and ended Japanese advance in Pacific
11. D-Day: Operation Overlord- Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France. Beginning of victory for Allies in Europe
12. Battle of Berlin: final battle in European theater. Hitler suicide and city surrendered
13. Atom Bomb: new weapon developed in US that would prevent the US from having to invade the mainland of Japan
14. Los Alamos: secret lab in New Mexico where atomic bomb was created
15. The Manhattan Project: code name for the Los Alamos development of the atomic bomb
16. Marshall Plan: European recovery program spending $13 billion on econ. and tech. assistance to oppose communism
17. Containment: policy to stop the spread of communism and the basis for US foreign policy after WWII
18. Truman Doctrine: US would supply any nation with economic & military aid to prevent it falling to Soviet sphere of influence
19. Korean War: 1950 the US went to war with democratic South Korea against communist North Korea. Chinese forced US back.
20. McCarthyism: Red Scares by Joe McCarthy alleging communists in govt & army leading to civil rights violations
21. Cuban Revolution: led by Fidel Castro making himself leader and became an ally of the Soviet Union
22. Bay of Pigs: CIA trained Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba but was crushed by Castro
23. Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviets missiles in Cuba led to conflict with US. JFK ordered blockade and Soviets backed down
24. Vietnam War: began as fight over French colonization. US supported France to stop spread of Communism. US withdrew
25. Tet Offensive: 1968 Vietcong and N. Vietnamese launched longest and most damaging campaign of war. Didn’t stop US but led to more protests in US
26. Baby Boom: huge growth in population between mid 1940s and mid 1960s. Largest generation in US history
27. Levittown: Long Island master planned neighborhood of affordable houses in the suburbs by William Levitt
28. Interstate Highway Act: authorized construction of national highway network to connect every major city in US
29. Kennedy/Nixon Debates: 1960 TV debates where JFK performed better prompting win. TV event Changed US politics
30. TV News Coverage of Civil Rights: Graphic- turned public sympathies to end segregation and led to new laws
31. Air Conditioning: led to better work conditions in skyscrapers urging more urban development in hot humid climates
32. Personal Computer: early versions in 1970s gave a glimpse of what tech. would later connect everyone regardless of location
33. Sputnik I: Soviets launched this first satellite in 1957 leading to space race and emphasis on science educ. and defense
34. Jackie Robinson: first black major league baseball player
35. Harry Truman: President who integrated the army and ended discrimination in hiring for government jobs
36. Brown vs Board of Education: reversed Plessy v Ferguson saying separate but equal was NOT constitutional- led to LR 9
37. Martin Luther King Jr.: leader of civil rights movement arrested in Birmingham while protesting against segregation
38. Letter from a Birmingham Jail: MLK letter from jail saying victims of segregation & violence would not wait longer
39. I Have a Dream Speech: 1963 MLK speech at Lincoln Memorial asking for peace and racial harmony
40. Civil Rights Act of 1964: 1964 LBJ law prohibiting discrimination on race, religion, national origin, or gender
41. Voting Rights Act of 1965: outlawed requirement for voters in US to take literacy test to register to vote – unfair to minor.
42. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC): founded by MLK and ministers to protest 2nd class citizenship
43. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): black college students to speed up mandated “Brown” changes- over time became more militant with “Black Power”
44. Sit-Ins: tactic of SNCC to protest segregated lunch counters and spread to other aspects of segregated society
45. Freedom Rides: SNCC rode busses on interstate highways to see if south would enforce laws against segregation in public transportation.