Environmental Science Mid-Term Study Guide

Define:

Sciencescientific methodhypothesisexperiment

Mattermoleculeacidbase

Energycatalystecologyhabitat

nicheextinctioncompetitionconsumer

producerpioneer communityclimax communityestuary

population densityrenewable energy nonrenewable energy wilderness

black lung diseasebiodiversityblack lung diseasebush meat

endangered species exotic speciesthreatened specieselement

atomic number

Questions:

  1. List and describe the steps of the scientific method.
  2. List the 3 variables of an experiment and define each.
  3. List the 3 states of matter. Describe the movement of atoms in each.
  4. Name the 3 parts of an atom and the charge of each part.
  5. How many electrons can the 1st shell, 2nd shell, 3rd shell hold?
  6. Distinguish between an exothermic and endothermic reaction.
  7. What is the range of the pH scale? What range are acids?
  8. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
  9. Write the equation for respiration.
  10. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
  11. Distinguish between evaporation and condensation.
  12. All food can be traced back to what organism? Explain why.
  13. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors. Why can biotic factors not exist without abiotic?
  14. Define limiting factors and list 3 examples.
  15. Distinguish between a species and a population.
  16. Explain why predators and prey constantly affect the size of each others population.
  17. List the 3 types of symbiosis and define each.
  18. P. 91 (table), list and describe the 5 types of consumers.
  19. List 2 examples of decomposers
  20. Distinguish between the food chain and food web. Draw an example of each.
  21. In the carbon cycle, plants get carbon dioxide from where?
  22. Plants can’t use nitrogen directly from the air. How or what converts it to the form that they need?
  23. List the 2 types of succession and describe each type. B) which one results after a volcano?
  24. What 2 factors affect the type of terrestrial biome?
  25. Desert biomes have what range of rainfall?
  26. Grasslands are also known as what 2 other names?
  27. Plants grow rapidly in the tropical rain forest, what 2 factors promote this growth?
  28. What is permafrost? What biome is it found in?
  29. Distinguish between zooplankton and phytoplankton.
  30. Distinguish between immigration and emigration.
  31. Draw and label a S-curve. What does is show?
  32. Draw an exponential growth curve (J-curve). What does it show?
  33. Distinguish between a density-dependent and a density-independent limiting factor. Give an example of each.
  34. Define fossil fuels and list the 3 major types.
  35. Explain how coal is formed. (make sure to define peat and list the types)
  36. Explain why industrialized countries depend so much on fossil fuels.
  37. Explain why OPEC plays such a significant role on gas prices.
  38. What percentage of the world’s energy is supplied by coal? By oil? By natural gas?
  39. Distinguish between surface mining and underground mining. Which is more beneficial?
  40. To use tidal energy, how large do waves need to be between high and low tide?
  41. How is geothermal energy acquired?
  42. Explain why wind-power is found out west instead of the east.
  43. Explain why fossil fuels are traced back to the sun’s energy.
  44. List and describe the 3 types of biodiversity.
  45. Name the 4 major human activities that affect biodiversity.

Environmental Science Mid-Term

Matching: (1.7 each)

_____ 1. Occurs when an existing community is destroyed byacts such as natural disasters.

_____ 2. Tiny organisms that carry on photosynthesis in the water.

_____ 3. Area where freshwater meets the ocean.

_____ 4. First fossil fuel used extensively in industrial revolution.

_____ 5. Areas with minimal human influence.

_____ 6. Steps used to solve a problem.

_____ 7. The variable the experimenter changes in the experiment.

_____ 8. The standard for the experiment.

_____ 9. Anything that occupies space.

_____10. Part of the atom that has a positive charge.

_____ 11. Has a pH of 0-6.

_____ 12. Reactions that give off energy/heat.

_____ 13. Substance that alters the rate of a reaction.

_____ 14. Movement of organisms out of an area.

_____ 15. Changing of a liquid to a gas.

_____ 16. How water returns to the earth from atmosphere.

_____ 17. All organisms of the same species in the same area.

_____ 18. Population of organisms that can reproduce together.

_____ 19. Loss of an entire species.

_____ 20. Term for a close feeding relationship.

_____ 21. Relationship in which one benefits and 1 isn’t affected.

_____ 22. When 1 organism kills and eats another organism.

_____ 23. When 2 organisms strive to obtain the same limited resource.

_____ 24. Relationship in which both organisms benefit.

_____ 25. Where does a parasite live?

_____ 26. Eats both plants and animals.

_____ 27. Bacteria are this type of feeder.

_____ 28. Term for organisms that make their own energy.

_____ 29. All feeding relationships can be traced back to this organism.

_____ 30. Passage of energy from 1 trophic level to the next.

_____ 31. These convert nitrogen to a form plants can use.

_____ 32. Plants absorb this gas from the atomosphere.

_____ 33. Another name for grassland.

_____ 34. Disease that results from exposure to coal dust.

_____ 35. Energy that cannot be replaced as quickly as used.

_____ 36. The first organisms to inhabit an area.

_____ 37. These are listed on the periodic table.

_____ 38. The role an organism plays in its community.

_____ 39. The place an organism lives out its life.

_____40. The number of protons an atom has.

_____ 41. Occurs when you use your senses.

_____ 42. This process breaks down sugar.

Fill-in-the-Blank: (2 each)

  1. The biome that has less than 12 inches of rain per year. ______
  1. The biome that has permafrost. ______
  1. The purest type of coal. ______
  1. Coal is formed from what type of organism? ______
  1. Oil and natural gas are found under this. ______
  1. This biome has a food amount of rain and temperature which promotes plant growth. ______
  1. Fuels that are made from the remains of dead organisms buried millions of years. ______

Short answer: (3 each)

  1. Explain why OPEC affects gas prices. ______

______

______

______

  1. Fill in the chart.

List 3 States of Matter / Movement of atoms (vibrate, moderate, a lot)
  1. Draw the location of electrons for Chlorine (atomic number 17)
  1. Write the formula for photosynthesis.

______+ ______+ ______

  1. Draw an S-Curve and tell what it illustrates

______

______

Matching word list: