Environmental Science, 10E (Wright)

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Environmental Science, 10e (Wright)

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Chapter 1

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Introduction: Toward a Sustainable Future

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Which of the following statements about world ecosystems was a conclusion of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment?

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they are in balance.

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they are recovering from past exploitation.

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they are becoming increasingly overexploited and degraded.

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they will never achieve a balance.

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the damage we have done to them is unrecoverable.

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The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment studied the connections between human well being and:

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ecosystem goods and services.

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population growth

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global warming

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ozone depletion

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environmental justice

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The earth’s atmosphere is changing due to an increase in carbon dioxide produced by

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combustion of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels.

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combustion of wood, alcohol and other plant produced fuels.

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photosynthesis.

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plants and animals.

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the oceans

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The primary goal of the Kyoto Protocol is to reduce the atmospheric release of

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carbon dioxide

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ozone

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CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons)

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oxygen

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nitrogen

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Answer:

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Which of the following best describes biodiversity?

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the sum of all plants, animals, and microbes on the planet.

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the kinds of plants and animals in a forest.

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the kinds of trees and other plants in a forest.

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plants and animals but not bacteria.

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the sum of all plants and animals on the planet.

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The concept of sustainability as applied to marine resources means we will manage these resources to

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maintain only the commercially valuable species.

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maintain only recreationally important species.

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maintain only those species having little or no commercial or recreational value.

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maintain viable populations of all fish species.

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maximize harvest of commercially valuable species.

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The term that applies to whether or not a process can be continued indefinitely is

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globalization.

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equity.

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sustainability.

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stewardship.

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science.

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Answer:

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Which of the following characterizes the overall goal of environmental justice?

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to include ethical considerations in how we use the environment and the resulting impact on people.

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to eliminate polluting technologies.

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to control urban sprawl.

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to stabilize population growth.

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to develop sustainable use of resources.

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Concern for the unfair concentration of waste sites and other hazardous activities in areas that are populated by poor or minorities is:

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sustainable development

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sustainable growth

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environmental justice

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sound science

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globalization

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Answer:

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10)

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Which of the following best describes a fact?

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an observation that has been confirmed by more than one observer and remains open to be reconfirmed.

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a model of how some aspect of the natural world works.

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a principle or assumption that shapes how we perceive the world.

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observations we make of the natural world.

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observations that can be quantified.

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Answer:

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11)

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Which of the following best describes ecosystem capital?

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mineral and living resources of the earth.

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living organisms and other renewable resources of the earth.

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natural resources such as forests and fisheries.

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natural resources (goods) and services provided by ecosystems

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ecosystem services that support life on earth

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12)

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Which of the following are goals of environmental public policy?

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improvement of human welfare / protection of the natural world.

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improvement of human welfare / globalization

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protection of the natural world / population stabilization

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protection of wildlife / protection of earth capital

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globalization / world trade

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Your weekly budget for the five-day workweek is twenty dollars. Lunch costs $2.00 per day, drinks $1.00. Gasoline for commuting to work costs $10.00 for the week.

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13)

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Using the information above, match the statement with the correct step in the scientific method.

“If I carpool with a neighbor I think I can reduce my weekly expenses.”

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observation/question

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hypothesis

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experiment

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theory/revised hypothesis/conclusion

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14)

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Using the information above, match the statement with the correct step in the scientific method.

“My expenses exceed my budget by $5.00/week.”

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observation/question

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hypothesis

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experiment

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theory/revised hypothesis/conclusion

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15)

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Which of the following best describes the concept of sustainable development?

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meeting human needs today without endangering the needs of future generations.

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maximizing the harvest of a resource.

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harvesting a resource at a level that does not jeopardize future harvest.

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using only renewable resources.

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preserving biodiversity.

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16)

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A natural resource can be considered sustainable if:

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the rate of harvest does not exceed the rate at which the resource is replaced or renewed by natural processes.

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the resource is not harvested.

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the resource is harvested at a maximum rate.

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the rate of harvest is greater than the rate at which the resource is renewed.

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it is a population of living organisms that is sustained by reproduction.

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17)

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Starting with an observation, what would be the next logical step in an application of the scientific method?