Name:______

Enter Modernity

Church History Notes

Syllabus of Errors

  • Written by: ______
  • When: December 8, 1864
  • What is it: Documents a list of “______” facing society in that time (and ours). Every listed item is being condemned by the Pope, not endorsed.
  • Why: To identify and denounce the problems of the time.

Church in the 1800’s

New Ideas of 19th c. Society stemming from the enlightenment.

______: Ideology focused on human freedom and the idea that progress equals flourishing. Really an effort to gain more freedom, which turns into a wish to do ANYTHING; it's an abuse of free will. Tainted view of Freedom

______: Patriotism to the point of conquering and intolerance towards other nations and even the Church if it stands in the way

These lead to further rejection of the Church, God, and religion as a whole.

Liberalism

  • Liberalism is not intrinsically anti-Christian but it is anti-monarchy and looked to new systems of governance.
  • “Liberalism glorified ______and supported the overthrow of any government or institution that limited freedom”  liberal thinkers believe that the ______was too closely intertwined with the monarchy and did indeed limit freedom.

Modernism

  • “______” according to St. Pope Pius X.
  • Modernism attacks the Faith from within rather than from the outside.
  • Ex. A modernist would not deny that Jesus fed 5,000 but rather re-interpret the event and say that the true miracle is merely communal sharing prompted by Jesus.

Modernism:

-rejects the ______

-Is atheistic in general

-Denies divine revelation and objective ______.

-Has contempt for ______and ______

1814-1914

  • Many new political trends develop during the 19th century.
  • This time period sees many ______of the Church
  • Confiscation of the ______in 1870 when Italy unites. Pope Pius IX becomes “Prisoner of the Vatican.
  • Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Prime Minister) – Kulturkampfor “culture struggle” in Germany.

Catholic Revival

A. Why?

• More Catholics than ever before because of ______

  • Amazing renewal and growth in religious orders
  • growth in women’s religious orders
  • Growth in missionary orders

B. Results

  • Expansion of Catholic ______
  • Increase in Catholic hospitals, orphanages

Missionary Age: made possible by:

  • ______
  • Transportation
  • ______
  • Enthusiastic young men and women

Persecutions - Kulturkamph

  • “______” or “culture struggle”
  • Political struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government from 1871-1878.
  • ______wanted a strongly unified Germanic state and saw the Church as a hindrance to that goal.
  • Waged a propaganda war against the Church.
  • Took over Catholic ______
  • Expelled religious orders
  • Enforced civil marriage over sacramental marriage
  • ______bishops and priests

The Church won this conflict due to Papal perseverance and the loyalty of the lay people.

Through the Eyes of the Pope’s

______(1846-1878)

  • Fought liberalism and nationalism
  • Called Vatican I
  • Defined Papal Infallibility
  • Didn’t finish the council due to European wars
  • Wrote the ______

Vatican I 1868-1870

  • Last ecumenical council was the Council of ______.
  • Called in order to deal with the problems of ______, ______and ______(all the things listed in the Syllabus of Errors)

Defined Church teachings

-______

-God's existence

-Divine ______

-Relation between Faith and Reason

Condemned

-______- there is no God

-Materialism - Only material things exist

-______- If it can't be proven by science or reason, it's not true

-______- many gods

Pope Leo XIII (1846-1878)

  • Recognized the problems of the Industrial Revolution
  • His work ______discusses the dignity of work and insists on the basic rights of oppressed works.

Pope St. Pius X

  • Frequent reception of ______
  • Children should receive Communion ______
  • Called for active participation of the ______in the Mass

More Persecutions – Mexico

  • 1917 Mexico becomes the first official socialist, ______, constitutional revolutionary republic.
  • Anti-Christian legislation and sentiment begin to increase
  • Ex: Masses forbidden, property confiscated, anti – clerical laws
  • Armed rebellion rises = Christeros
  • Bl. Miguel Pro

WWII and the Catholic Church

  • Adolph Hitler not only persecuted the Jews in Germany but also ______.
  • The Roman Catholic Church was deemed an______by Hitler’s regime.
  • Many Catholics and Church leaders were outspoken and defended the Jews and others who were being persecuted by the Nazis.
  • Saints during the War
  • ______
  • ______
  • ______

Pius XII

  • Before his pontificate: Papal Nuncio to Germany 1917-1929
  • Fought against ______.
  • As Pope he spoke out against Nazism and their treatment of Jews. The NY Times lauded him as a “______”
  • Often hid ______within the Vatican.
  • Jewish historians estimate that almost ______Jews were saved because of the direct action of Pius XII and the Church.

St. Pope John XXIII

  • Elected Pope October 28, 1958 after the death of Pius XII
  • Known as ______Pope John
  • Felt called to convene an ecumenical council ______
  • Established himself as a very different and outgoing Pope that brought a lot of openness to the Church. (He was elected as a papa di passaggio, an interim pope)
  • He changed the status quo of the papacy and the calling of Vatican II brought many changes to the Church. ‘

Vatican II

  • Purpose: "______"
  • This council is different from all other councils. The others were called to fight heresies and correct errors. This was called to ______into the Church.

Two main themes:

1. Renovation (new life) – ______

a. Mass in the ______of the people (langue Franca)

b. Gestures (in the Mass) - some eliminated, some changed

c. Encouraging all the faithful to strive for holiness

d. Gave us fresh teaching on ______

e. Guidance for missionaries, ordained ministry, consecrated, laity

f. Encouraged using the ______for the glory of God

2. Return to the Sources - ancient Christian tradition, see if you've strayed too far

  • Pope John XXIII ______before the end of the Council
  • So far, his body is incorrupt. He looks as if he were sleeping.

Pope Paul VI

  • Pope Paul VI (1963-1978)
  • Closed Vatican II and began the ______of the Council
  • Wrote the Papal Encyclical ______(Human Life)
  • Re-affirms Church teaching on married love, parenthood and rejects ______.

John Paul I

  • Elected Pope August 26, 1978 – September 28, 1978.
  • Only Pope for ______days (shortest papacy in the Catholic Church)

St. Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)

  • Encyclicals: Fides et Ratio, Evangelium Vitae, Veritatis Splendor
  • ______
  • Engages the youth of the world: WYD!!!
  • Influential in the in the breakup of the ______and ______.
  • The MOST: travels, encyclicals, canonizations, beatifications, cardinals
  • Mary's pope - Motto: "______", Frequently visited Marian shrines, devotion to Our Lady of Fatima, Our Lady of Guadalupe, the black Madonna, shield is a cross with M, Rosary was his favorite prayer
  • Also helped combat and defeat communism especially within ______.

Pope Benedict XVI 2005-2013

•Known as God’s “______” because of his tenacious and firm Theology but he is the “German Shepard!”

  • Pope John Paul II's close friend
  • Very kind, gentle, and loving
  • He was forced into the Nazi army; however, he was put in prison for refusing to fight
  • First encyclical was "______". His second encyclical is about Hope.
  • He is also very Marian.