Provide multiple means of...
Engagement - for purposeful, motivated learners, stimulate interest and motivation for learning
Provide options for self-regulation
+Promote expectations and beliefs that optimize motivation
●GIve examples of past class successes
○Case studies
●Clarify “sub goals” to get to the larger course outcomes
+ Facilitate personal coping skills and strategies
●Work with center for learning to provide study strategies.
+ Develop self-assessment and reflection
●One minute papers
●Low stakes quizzing
●Small group active learning
Provide options for sustaining effort and persistence
+ Heighten salience of goals and objectives
●Scaffold syllabus with varying assignments according to six levels of learning (evaluation, synthesis,etc).
●Project on board the goals and objectives for the day at the beginning and end of class.
+ Vary demands and resources to optimize challenge
●Read textbook and answer questions.
●Generate a classroom discussion question.
●Ask students to handwrite questions and outline the chapters within the book
○Ask students to use jigsaw approach to take a section of the material for the day and have each group present the material
+ Foster collaboration and community
●In class assigned groups, split up material and write on board notes about topic for 5 minutes; then speak out a summary.
●Build in classroom time to work on new examples (potentially incorrectly) together, then come together to discuss/wrap up solution
+ Increase mastery-oriented feedback
●Ask follow-up question to ensure understanding (similarities; differences).
●Test one more time on midterm or final.
●Be specific with feedback to students. Don’t just say, “Good job.”
Provide options for recruiting interest & Optimize individual choice and autonomy
+ Optimize individual choice and autonomy
●Have students work on real research
●Choice of any topic they are interested in and have them do a data analysis
●Two minute video or lecture on a topic of choice related to the class
●Student Selection of various podcasts
+ Optimize relevance, value, and authenticity
●Use another set of senses to illustrate content. In my engineering class we use audio applications to help the students see the relevance and also garner interest.
+ Minimize threats and distractions
●Total autonomy on choice.
○Have students create their own videos.
●Allow creativity to thrive.
Representation - for resourceful, knowledgeable learners, present info and content in different ways
Provide options for comprehension
+ Activate or supply background knowledge
●Use other faculty’s disciplines to supplement background knowledge and broaden comprehension
+ Highlight patterns, critical features, big ideas, and relationships
●Analyze real-world data (when available).
+ Guide information processing, visualization, and manipulation
●Provide multiple examples through visual aids, such as slides, handouts, and videos.
+ Maximize transfer and generalization
●Summarize lessons learned at the end of class.
Provide options for language, mathematical expressions, and symbols
+ Clarify vocabulary and symbols
●Write key terms on board, vocabulary lists
+ Clarify syntax and structure
●Challenges in music theory for students to keep up with content and skills, especially when they miss something.
○Music LA program makes sure that students, in small groups are able to have small low stakes quizzing so that the professor knows almost in real time where students are in their learning.
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+ Support decoding of text, mathematical notation, and symbols
●Need contexts - where do symbols apply, where are they most useful
●Understand where symbols come from and what they mean so they can learn how to differentiate between various symbols
+ Promote understanding across languages
●Different terms in different languages
+ Illustrate through multiple media
●Parallel podcast with written text for hearing-impaired, structural things can be done inside documents, Word or PDF, more than appearance
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Provide options for perception
+ Offer ways of customizing the display of information
●Students in class to help write notes, online, that can be a working shared document
●Slow down lectures to give people time to process
+ Offer alternatives for auditory information
●Pictures
●Pass out examples
●Handouts
●Close captioning on videos
+ Offer alternatives for visual information
●Videos with sounds
●Songs/jingles
Use techsmith relay to record lectures so that students can view them later at their own pace.
Action & Expression - for strategic, goal-directed learners, differentiate the ways that students can express what they know
Provide options for executive functions
+ Guide appropriate goal-setting
●Teach how to use equipment, practice on other students, videos that demonstrate
●Scaffolding goals
+ Support planning and strategy development
●Allows students to trial and error until they develop a working strategy of their own.
+ Enhance capacity for monitoring progress
●Students check each others’ answers/results.
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Provide options for expression and communication
+ Use multiple media for communication
●Video introductions for readings
+ Use multiple tools for construction and composition
●Use a portfolio of different technologies, such as Excel, Word, Powerpoint, etc.
+ Build fluencies with graduated levels of support for practice and performance
●Show tech use first; then allow students to work on something on their own.
Provide options for physical action
+ Vary the methods for response and navigation
●Importance of movement within the classroom
●Students want to choose to move
●Creativity in movement
+ Optimize access to tools and assistive technologies
●Refer students to center of learning.
●Nomouse.org
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CAS-AH table (one of them)
-We have Physical Action and here are our ideas:
-All books have historical context, so they MOVE and show colonization for instance - experience discrimination.
-Allow students to stand in class
-Also allow them to sit where comfortable to allow for PTSD - Kim says “relocate if you would like to”
-Can include drawing “graffiti”
-Classroom issues of size and mobility are common - we need bigger and better options for drawing on boards!