Performance Indicator: 8.E.4A.2 Construct and analyze scientific arguments to support claims that the universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion using evidence from the composition of stars and gases and the motion of galaxies in the universe.

Edwin Hubble: discovered that the universe is expanding

The Big Bang Theory Break Down

Steps / Pictures
  • The Universe originated billion years ago in an explosion from a single point of nearly infinite energy known as the ______.
  • The universe begins ~______Billion years ago
  • The universe begins as the size of a single atom (z-particle)
  • The universe began as a violent ______.
  • All ______and ______were created from a single point of pure energy in an instant
  • ______minutes after the Big Bang, the universe has grown from the size of an atom to larger than the size a grapefruit.
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  • Several hundred thousand years after the Big Bang, Masses of Elements Formed. The elements that formed at the time were______(H) and ______(He). The large masses that formed where called ______. Nebulas are clouds of dust, hydrogen, helium, and other gases.
  • Nebulas are clouds of ______and ______.
  • The early Universe was about ______% Hydrogen and ______% Helium. It is still almost the same today.
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  • 200 to 400 million years after the Big Bang
  • 1st______and ______form
  • The masses of elements (hydrogen and helium) started combing due to gravity creating stars and galaxies.
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  • 4.6 billion years ago our ______forms
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  • Next the Universe continues to expand
  • ______: (Moving ______) Wavelengths are ______(they are expanding)
  • ______: (Moving ______) Wavelengths are ______( they are contracting)
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MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE BIG BANG THEORY

•There was no explosion; there was (and continues to be) an ______

–Rather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents, imagine a balloon expanding: small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe

•We tend to image the z-particle as a little fireball appearing somewhere in space

–space began inside of the singularity. Prior to the singularity, nothing existed, not space, time, matter, or energy - nothing.

BIG BANG THEORY EVIDENCE

1)Universal expansion (redshift)

2)Cosmic background radiation (noise radiation)

3)Quasars-super large (solar system size) galactic cores that put out more light than whole galaxies

4)Radioactive decay-Radiometric dating – gives us the age of items from the decay of radioactive materials found within the object. Moon rocks have been dated and found to be older than Earth.

5)Stellar formation and evolution (life cycle of a star or star formation)

6)Speed of light and stellar distances

The Universe

•The universe is composed of ______and ______.

• All of the matter in the universe now was in the universe when it formed. There is evidence to support that scientists are able to estimate the age of the universe in two ways

•______(gas and dust) exist in space and are remnants from the formation of the universe.

•______undergo a life cycle based on the composition of the gases within them.

•As stars ______the amount of ______in the star changes, therefore changing the ______and ______of the star.

•By measuring the rate of expansion of the universe, Astronomers determined the galaxy is ______based on the______of light emitted from

•RESHIFT: As the universe ______and galaxies move ______, the wave-length of light emitted from those galaxies is ______. This shifts the light toward the red end of the spectrum and is called “______- shift”. The more distance or faint a galaxy the more rapidly it is moving ______from Earth.

•BLUESHIFT: As the universe ______and galaxies move ______each other, the wave-length of light emitted from those galaxies is ______OR shorter. This shifts the light toward the blue end of the spectrum and is called “______- shift”.

•ILLUSTRATE RED & BLUE SHIFT