Early Republic Test Review

Explain the following:

  1. Federalists- Political Party led by Alexander Hamilton
  2. Democratic Republicans-Party led by Thomas Jefferson

Democratic Republican / Federalist
Leader / Thomas Jefferson
(James Madison, James Monroe) / Alexander Hamilton
(George Washington [unofficial], John Adams)
View on who should have the power in the country / Common People / Rich, Elite, Educated
Type of government / Weak National / Strong National
Type of economy / Laissez Faire, free enterprise, farming / Bank, taxes, tariffs, manufacturing
Interpretation of Constitution / STRICT- limits government / LOOSE- gives government more power
French/British ally / French / British
View of National Bank / NO! / YES!
View on protective tariff / NO! Hurts the Southern farmers / YES!
  1. Problems faced by Washington during his presidency-

High debt from Revolutionary war, Whiskey Rebellion, what do during French Revolution (Neutrality Proclamation), growing political parties

  1. Explain Protective Tariffs-

Tax on imports that protect American businesses and manufacturing. Promoted buying Americans goods because it would make foreign goods more expensive than local U.S.A. made goods. (These protective tariffs do not pass/are not approved)

  1. What are some of the things President Washington warned about in his farewell address?

Creation of political parties would create division. Foreign alliances should not be permanent.

  1. What impact on American economics did the War of 1812 have?

Increase in American industry. U.S. became more self-sufficient. American manufacturing grew since America could not trade during the war.

  1. Explain the Whiskey Tax and the Whiskey Rebellion during Washington’s administration.

Hamilton placed a tax on whiskey to increase revenue (money) and help pay off the debt. Farmers were angry because it hit them hard. Leads to rebellion in Pennsylvania. Washington sends 13,000 troops. It shows that the National government is strong!

  1. Explain Hamilton’s Financial Plan and the effect it had on the creation of political parties.

Take on State Debts, Increase Taxes, create a National Bank, and use Protective Tariffs

Hamilton’s Plan was not liked by everyone. The south resisted because they already paid their debts.People were split based on who were in favor of (Federalists) or opposed (Democratic-Republicans) Hamilton’s plan.

  1. Explain the different opinions of each political party about the French Revolution.

Federalists – Pro-British and against the French Revolution because there was too much chaos, it was not our problem, stay neutral

Democratic Republicans – Pro-French and for the French Revolution because the French helped us during our revolution. We thought we should help them too.

  1. How did Southern farmers feel about protective tariffs?

They wanted lower tariffs because high tariffs cost them more money.They were against it because it threatened their trade relationship with Britain and other countries

  1. What was the main compromise between Hamilton and Jefferson that was made in order to approve Hamilton’s four-point financial plan?

Jefferson would agree to the plan if the capital, Washington D.C., was put in the south.

  1. Explain the causes and effects of the War of 1812.

Causes: Native Americans were supported by the British, ships were being seized/shipping was being interfered with, and men were impressed

Effects: increased patriotism, weakened natives, and increase in American industry

  1. In what year was the Louisiana territory purchased from France? Explain the effects of the Louisiana Purchase.

1803. Doubled size of U.S., found land route (not water route) to Pacific, discovered new plants and animals, made relations with Natives.

  1. Know how the map of the U.S. changed after the Louisiana Purchase.

Doubles size of U.S., gained control of Mississippi River and New Orleans.

  1. Explain President Adams’ reaction to problems with France. (Think reaction to XYZ Affair and honoring Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation)

Adams wanted to remain neutral because of the Neutrality Proclamation. He sent a committee to negotiate with the French but the French asked for a bribe. Adams refused to pay the bribe. Adams refuses to go to war but increased Navy’s size. Americans did not like the French, government was worried about foreign influences which lead to the Alien and Sedition Acts

  1. Explain the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Signed by George Washington, expanded the Judicial Branch and sets up federal courts below the Supreme Court

  1. How did Washington’s Farewell Address influence foreign policy?

It encouraged the country to remain neutral. Adams attempts to follow this policy.

  1. Explain Jefferson’s 1807 Embargo Act.

This cuts off trade with European countries. Intended to punish Britain and France but hurt American businesses.

  1. Explain Marbury vs. Madison and Judicial Review.

Marbury wants a job offered to him by President Adams, but Madison won’t deliver the appointment. Marbury sues Madison and it goes to the Supreme Court. Marburv. Madison is a landmark court case. Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act of 1801 unconstitutional. Judicial review is the power for the Supreme Court to declare acts of the legislative or executive branches and laws as unconstitutional.

  1. Explain the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Alien Act allowed the president to deport (kick out of country) aliens (not U.S. citizens) who were considered “dangerous”.

Sedition Act allowed fines or jailing to be imposed on those who were saying negative comments against the government or government officials.

  1. Explain the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

Increased states’ rights and people’s ability to question the government. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional, nullifying them within their state borders. (Thomas Jefferson and James Madison helped write it)

  1. How did the economic policies of President Adams and President Jefferson differ?

Adams continued Washington’s policies, supported government regulation, and wanted protective tariffs. Jefferson wanted a free market/Laissez Faire economy with limited intervention.

  1. Describe the main domestic issues of the Early Republic Era.

Whiskey RebellionAlien & Sedition ActsPolitical Parties

Louisiana PurchaseWestward Expansion

  1. Describe the XYZ Affair.

Adams sent diplomats Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry to negotiate for peace with France. The French foreign minister sent agents X, Y, and Z to demand a bribe from the U.S.Adams angrily declined and increased our navy but does not go to war.

  1. Describe the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Lewis and Clark set out with 50 people to explore the Louisiana Purchase. They are led by Sacagawea and find a path to the Pacific by land (no water route). They document plants and animals along the way.

  1. Describe the issues faced during the Election of 1800.

Federalist party divided. Jefferson and Burr tie in the electoral college. This throws the tie breaking vote to the House of Representatives. Hamilton supports Jefferson & Jefferson wins the election. The 12th amendment is added afterwards.

  1. Describe the Barbary Wars and President Jefferson’s response.

The pirates of Tripoli in the coast of North Africa, a.k.a. Barbary Coast, were harassing the ships passing through the Mediterranean Sea. The pirates would take the goods on the ships and capture the sailors for ransom.Jefferson refused to pay the increased bribe and the Barbary pirates were attacking at a greater force. Jefferson sent the US navy (at most 5 ships) to the Mediterranean to fight off the pirates and get the captured men back. The US had entered their first War as a nation. However, Jefferson did not follow his powers as ask Congress. Congress is the only branch who can declare war. The U.S. wins the war against the Barbary pirates.

  1. Explain the 12th Amendment.

This amendment requires the electoral college to cast separate votes for President and Vice President – encourages running mate. Two people from the same political party will run together, one as President and the other as Vice-President.

  1. Explain Laissez Faire economics.

Limited government involvement in the economy. It’s an economic system in which the government does not interfere in the workings of the free market. Free enterprise where people buy, sell, and trade as they wish.