“Don’t be a part of the problem, be a part of the SOLUTION” - Project

SC Standard C-6:

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature and properties of various types of chemical solutions.

Project Overview: (100 pts)

(Due May 14/15) Lab Report = 25 pts

(Due May 16/17) Video / Tutorial = 20 pts

(Due May 16/17) Reference Sheet = 25 pts

(Due May 21-24) Presentation = 20 pts

(Due May 21-24) Worksheet = 10 pts

(25 pts.)Lab Report – “What are the physical and colligative properties of a solution?”

DIRECTIONS: Write a full lab report for your investigation of the colligative properties of a solution. Be sure to follow the guidelines and look at the example lab reports.

  • C-6.1 Summarize the process by which solutes dissolve in solvents, the dynamic equilibrium that occurs in saturated solutions, and the effects of varying pressure and temperature on solubility.
  • C-6.2 Compare solubility of various substances in different solvents (including polar and nonpolar solvents and organic and inorganic substances).
  • C-6.3 Illustrate the colligative properties of solutions (including freezing point depression and boiling point elevation and their practical uses).
  1. Title Page
  2. The title of the experiment.
  3. Your name and the names of any lab partners.
  4. Your instructor's name.
  5. The date the lab was performed or the date the report was submitted.
  1. Title
    The title says what you did. It should be brief (aim for ten words or less) and describe the main point of the experiment or investigation. An example of a title would be: "Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Borax Crystal Growth Rate". If you can, begin your title using a keyword rather than an article like 'The' or 'A'.
  2. Introduction / Purpose
    Usually the Introduction is one paragraph that explains the objectives or purpose of the lab. In one sentence, state the hypothesis. Sometimes an introduction may contain background information, briefly summarize how the experiment was performed, state the findings of the experiment, and list the conclusions of the investigation. Even if you don't write a whole introduction, you need to state the purpose of the experiment, or why you did it. This would be where you state your hypothesis.
  3. Materials
    List everything needed to complete your experiment.
  4. Methods
    Describe the steps you completed during your investigation. This is your procedure. Be sufficiently detailed that anyone could read this section and duplicate your experiment. Write it as if you were giving direction for someone else to do the lab. It may be helpful to provide a Figure to diagram your experimental setup.
  5. Data
    Numerical data obtained from your procedure usually is presented as a table. Data encompasses what you recorded when you conducted the experiment. It's just the facts, not any interpretation of what they mean.
  6. Results
    Describe in words what the data means. Sometimes the Results section is combined with the Discussion (Results & Discussion).
  7. Discussion or Analysis
    The Data section contains numbers. The Analysis section contains any calculations you made based on those numbers. This is where you interpret the data and determine whether or not a hypothesis was accepted. This is also where you would discuss any mistakes you might have made while conducting the investigation. You may wish to describe ways the study might have been improved.
  8. Conclusions
    Most of the time the conclusion is a single paragraph that sums up what happened in the experiment, whether your hypothesis was accepted or rejected, and what this means.
  9. Figures & Graphs
    Graphs and figures must both be labeled with a descriptive title. Label the axes on a graph, being sure to include units of measurement. The independent variable is on the X-axis. The dependent variable (the one you are measuring) is on the Y-axis. Be sure to refer to figures and graphs in the text of your report. The first figure is Figure 1, the second figure is Figure 2, etc.
  10. References
    If your research was based on someone else's work or if you cited facts that require documentation, then you should list these references.

(20 pts) Video / tutorial – “How do you make a solution?”

DIRECTIONS: Make a video or a step-by-step tutorial (using Word or ppt) of how to make a solution of a certain concentration. Follow the rubric carefully.

  • C-6.4 Carry out calculations to find the concentration of solutions in terms of molarity and percent weight (mass).
  • C-6.1 Summarize the process by which solutes dissolve in solvents, the dynamic equilibrium that occurs in saturated solutions, and the effects of varying pressure and temperature on solubility.

2 pts
Did not meet expectations / 3 pts
Almost met expectations / 4 pts
Met expectations / 5 pts
Went beyond expectations
Knowledge:
  • Clear distinction between solute and solvent.
  • Description and calculation of molar mass.
  • Process of a solute being dissolved.
  • Distinguish between “molality” & “molarity”
  • How to make a solution of a certain molality & molarity.

Thinking:
  • Show details about the procedure that others might now have thought of.
  • Be original and different.
  • Demonstrate how on would go about changing the concentration of a solution to a desired one.
  • Demonstrate scientific thinking with proper scientific terminology

Communication:
  • Make no errors (Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar.)
  • Make the procedure clear and easy to understand.
  • Organize your ideas logically.
  • Use titles, music, transitions, themes, pictures, or other video/computer effects to enhance your explanation.
  • Assume your audience has a very basic chemistry knowledge.

Application:
  • Make connections to other ideas that help my audience understand the procedure and its importance.
  • Present with personality to draw in an audience.
  • Why do concentrations of chemicals matter?

(25 pts) Reference Sheet – “What is the difference between an acid and a base?”

DIRECTIONS: Create a 2-sided reference sheet covering the main topics of acids and bases. Follow the rubric carefully.

  • C-6.5 Summarize the properties of salts, acids, and bases.
  • C-6.6 Distinguish between strong and weak common acids and bases.
  • C-6.7 Represent common acids and bases by their names and formulas.
  • C-6.8 Use the hydronium or hydroxide ion concentration to determine the pH and pOH of aqueous solutions.
  • C-6.14 Represent neutralization reactions and reactions between common acids and metals by using chemical equations.

2 pts
Did not meet expectations / 3 pts
Almost met expectations / 4 pts
Met expectations / 5 pts
Went beyond expectations
Knowledge:
  • Clear distinction between acid and base.
  • Clear distinction between strong and weak common acids and bases.
  • Represent common acids and bases by their names and formulas
  • What are the hydronium and hydroxide ions and how do they relate to the pH and pOH of a solution?
  • Describe neutralization reactions.
  • What is a salt?
  • What is a titration?

Thinking:
  • Show details about the procedure that others might now have thought of.
  • Be original and different.
  • Demonstrate scientific thinking with proper scientific terminology

Communication:
  • Make no errors (Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar.)
  • Make procedures clear and easy to understand.
  • Organize my ideas logically.
  • Use titles, transitions, themes, pictures, graphs, charts, or other computer effects to enhance your explanation.
  • *this should not merely be an outline of information.

Application:
  • Make connections to other ideas that help my audience understand the procedure and its importance.
  • How do acids and bases fit into our every day lives?
  • Give common or unique examples of acids and bases we come in contact with and what they are used for.

(20 pts) Presentation – “How do we use solutions in every day life?”

DIRECTIONS: Choose a common solution of a chemical and create a 5-10 minute presentation for it. Your ability to answer questions from Mr. George will be a contributing factor to your grade.

Include the following:

  • Chemical name, structure, molar mass, and basic chemical/physical properties.
  • Common uses.
  • How it works.
  • Why it works.
  • Interesting facts.
  • Where can it be found?
  • How is it made?
  • Colligative properties of the particular solution.
  • What concentrations is it usually used in?

Project-based Learning Rubric

Score Levels / Content / Conventions / Organization / Presentation
4 /
  • Is well thought out and supports the solution to the challenge or question
  • Reflects application of critical thinking
  • Has clear goal that is related to the topic
  • Is pulled from a variety of sources
  • Is accurate
/
  • No spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors
  • High-level use of vocabulary and word choice
/
  • Information is clearly focused in an organized and thoughtful manner.
  • Information is constructed in a logical pattern to support the solution.
/
  • Multimedia is used to clarify and illustrate the main points.
  • Format enhances the content.
  • Presentation captures audience attention.
  • Presentation is organized and well laid out.

3 /
  • Is well thought out and supports the solution
  • Has application of critical thinking that is apparent
  • Has clear goal that is related to the topic
  • Is pulled from several sources
  • Is accurate
/
  • Few (1 to 3) spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors
  • Good use of vocabulary and word choice
/
  • Information supports the solution to the challenge or question.
/
  • Multimedia is used to illustrate the main points.
  • Format is appropriate for the content.
  • Presentation captures audience attention.
  • Presentation is well organized.

2 /
  • Supports the solution
  • Has application of critical thinking that is apparent
  • Has no clear goal
  • Is pulled from a limited number of sources
  • Has some factual errors or inconsistencies
/
  • Minimal (3 to 5) spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors
  • Low-level use of vocabulary and word choice
/
  • Project has a focus but might stray from it at times.
  • Information appears to have a pattern, but the pattern is not consistently carried out in the project.
  • Information loosely supports the solution.
/
  • Multimedia loosely illustrates the main points.
  • Format does not suit the content.
  • Presentation does not capture audience attention.
  • Presentation is loosely organized.

1 /
  • Provides inconsistent information for solution
  • Has no apparent application of critical thinking
  • Has no clear goal
  • I pulled from few sources
  • Has significant factual errors, misconceptions, or misinterpretations
/
  • More than 5 spelling, grammatical, or punctuation errors
  • Poor use of vocabulary and word choice
/
  • Content is unfocused and haphazard.
  • Information does not support the solution to the challenge or question.
  • Information has no apparent pattern.
/
  • Presentation appears sloppy and/or unfinished.
  • Multimedia is overused or underused.
  • Format does not enhance content.
  • Presentation has no clear organization.