Review - Roots, Stems, Leaves, Adaptations and Tropisms

Review - Roots, Stems, Leaves, Adaptations and Tropisms

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. Tracheids and sieve tubes make up a xylem vessel.

____ 2. The outer protective layer of tissue on a vascular plant is known as the meristem.

____ 3. The main function of ground tissue is to conduct water and minerals.

____ 4. In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

____ 5. Primary plant growth occurs in apical meristems located at the tips of stems and roots.

____ 6. Cell division in meristems decreases the length and girth of a plant.

____ 7. Plants grow in length by adding new cells at the tips of their stems and roots.

____ 8. Plant shoots show negative gravitropism.

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

____ 9. A vessel element is an elongated xylem cell with open ends that conduct water. ______

____ 10. The evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaves is called perspiration. ______

____ 11. A root cap is a tiny, single-celled extension of an epidermal cell that increases the surface area of the root and absorbs water and minerals. ______

____ 12. Seedlings finding their way out of the soil and into the sunlight is an example of photoperiodism. ______

____ 13. The growing tip of a climbing vine exhibits phototropism when it grows in a circling motion. ______

____ 14. In some desert plants, a tuber is a stem that is specialized to store water. ______

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant. Label the diagram.

____ 15. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled A is called

a. / meristem. / c. / phloem.
b. / xylem. / d. / ground tissue.

____ 16. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled B, which conducts water and is made of elongated cells that connect end to end, is called

a. / meristem. / c. / phloem.
b. / xylem. / d. / ground tissue.

____ 17. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled C, which transports sugars from regions where they are made, to regions where they are used, is called

a. / meristem. / c. / phloem.
b. / xylem. / d. / ground tissue.

The diagram below shows a portion of a plant’s vascular system. Label this diagram showing a vascular cylinder.

____ 18. Refer to the illustration above. Structure B is known as a

a. / tracheid. / c. / vessel cell.
b. / companion cell. / d. / sieve tube cells.

The diagram below shows a leaf cross section. Label and know the functions of the parts below.

____ 19. Refer to the illustration above. The vein illustrated is made up of

a. / only xylem vessels. / c. / both xylem and phloem vessels.
b. / only phloem vessels. / d. / neither xylem nor phloem vessels.

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

Word Bank

close heartwood taproot tropism

opens tropisms blade adapted

water pressure primary growth secondary growth dicot

secondary gravitropism vascular cambium meristems

differentiation continuous

20. A(n) ______is a plant's response to an external stimulus from a particular direction.

21. The two main types of root systems are fibrous root systems and ______systems.

22. The darker wood in the center of a tree trunk is called ______.

23. The broad, flat portion of a typical leaf is called the ______.

24. In ______stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring with ground tissue surrounding the ring.

25. When the guard cells that surround a stoma fill with water, the stoma ______.

26. Changes in ______within the guard cells cause stoma to open and close.

27. The loss of water in guard cells causes stomata to ______.

Figure 25–1

28. In Figure 25–1, the bean seedling’s roots emerge from the top of the seed, then curve around and grow down. This plant response is called ______.

29. Plant responses to external stimuli are called ______, from a Greek word meaning “turning.”

30. A desert plant that is transplanted to an aquatic environment likely would not survive because it is not ______to that environment.

31. A lateral meristem that produces secondary vascular tissue is called the ______.

32. Growth that occurs from the formation of new cells at the tip of a plant is called ______.

33. Growth that causes a plant to increase in width is called ______.

34. The process by which cells become specialized in form and function is called ______.

35. Plants grow in regions of active cell division at the tips of roots and shoots called ______.

36. The thickening of a plant body by the production of new xylem and phloem is called ______growth.

37. Unlike animal development, plant development is ______and reversible.

Short Answer

38. What are the functions of a root?

39. How do guard cells prevent a plant from drying out?

40. How does the arrangement of vascular tissue differ between monocot and dicot stems?

41. How does a dicot root differ from a monocot root?

42. Table 23-1 shows the transpiration rate of some plants measured in liters per day. Why would the transpiration rate of the cactus be so much lower than that of the other plants?

Plant Transpiration Rate
Plant / Liters/day
Cactus / 0.02
Tomato / 1.00
Apple / 19.00

Table 23-1

43. Hypothesize as to why the positive gravitropism of roots is an adaptive advantage for plants.

Figure 25–2

44. How is the cactus in Figure 25–2 adapted to prevent water loss through transpiration?

Other

45. Label the diagram of the plant cell.

Review - Roots, Stems, Leaves, Adaptations and Tropisms

Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F DIF: I OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

2. ANS: F DIF: I OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

3. ANS: F DIF: I OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

4. ANS: F DIF: I OBJ: 25.1.2 STO: Bio 5A

5. ANS: T DIF: I OBJ: 26.1.3

STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B

6. ANS: F DIF: I OBJ: 26.1.3

STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B

7. ANS: T DIF: I OBJ: 26.1.3

STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B

8. ANS: T DIF: I OBJ: 26.2.3 STO: Bio 11A, Bio 11B

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

9. ANS: T DIF: B OBJ: 23-4

STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B) MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1

10. ANS: F, transpiration

DIF: B OBJ: 23-4 STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)

MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1

11. ANS: F, root hair

DIF: B OBJ: 23-4 STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)

MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1

12. ANS: F, gravitropism

DIF: B REF: p. 639 OBJ: 25.2.1 STO: TEKS 11B

13. ANS: F, thigmotropism

DIF: E REF: p. 639 OBJ: 25.2.1 STO: TEKS 11B

14. ANS: T DIF: E REF: p. 644, p. 645

OBJ: 25.3.1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

15. ANS: D DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

16. ANS: B DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

17. ANS: C DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

18. ANS: D DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.1 STO: Bio 5A

19. ANS: C DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.2 STO: Bio 5A

COMPLETION

20. ANS: tropism

DIF: B OBJ: 23-6 STO: 13(A), 13(B)

MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1

21. ANS: taproot

DIF: I OBJ: 25.1.2 STO: Bio 5A

22. ANS: heartwood

DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.2 STO: Bio 5A

23. ANS: blade

DIF: I OBJ: 25.1.2 STO: Bio 5A

24. ANS: dicot

DIF: II OBJ: 25.1.2 STO: Bio 5A

25. ANS: opens

DIF: I OBJ: 25.2.2 STO: TAKS 2 Bio 4B, Bio 10C

26. ANS: water pressure

DIF: II OBJ: 25.2.2 STO: TAKS 2 Bio 4B, Bio 10C

27. ANS: close

DIF: I OBJ: 25.2.2 STO: TAKS 2 Bio 4B, Bio 10C

28. ANS: gravitropism

DIF: E REF: p. 635, p. 639 OBJ: 25.2.1

STO: TEKS 11B

29. ANS: tropisms

DIF: B REF: p. 639 OBJ: 25.2.1 STO: TEKS 11B

30. ANS: adapted

DIF: A REF: p. 643 OBJ: 25.3.1 STO: TAKS 3, TEKS 13A

31. ANS: vascular cambium