GOOD GOVERNANCE AND

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT MODEL

IN BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS

ApinyaKAEWCHUN

Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Administration

Faculty of Education, NaresuanUniversity

Phitsanuloke, Thailand

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this research was to develop the model of good governance and sustainable development management in basic education schools of Thailand. There were 3 specific purposes of the studies : (1)To study the good governance and sustainable development management in basic education schools by documentary research and qualitative research with observation and in-depth interview techniques in twobest-practice schools; (2) To formulate the model of good governance and sustainable development management in basic education schools by content analysis of data from documentary research and qualitative research ; and (3) To verify and present the complete model of good governance and sustainable development management in basic education schools by focus group technique with 9 experts.

The results from documentary research and qualitative research revealed that

the model in this research described the basic education schools management as consisting of 4 tasks of basic education school management, namely, academic management, personnel management, budget management, and general management. Besides, the model demonstrated that basic education schools management should be governed by good governance principles, which were the rule of law, ethical value, responsibility, transparency, participation and accountability, and sustainable development principles which pointed to human beings who should be developed in behavioral, mental and intellectual aspects.

Keywords:good governance, sustainable development, basic education schools

Introduction

The basic education schools are important organizations for human resource development policy implementation through education process to develop human capacity which is one of social dimension in sustainable development.The recent National Social and Economic Development Plan and The National Education Plan (2002 – 2016) have formulated the framework of sufficient economy philosophy which is a part of sustainable development linking to human resource development. The human resource development strategy based on sustainable development philosophy covers behavior, mental and intellectual aspects and implementing on the assumption that human resource development will lead to develop of all dimensions.

Nowadays, there are four general tasks in basic education schools consist of general management , academic management, personnel management and budget management. Those tasks were changed after the mainstream of education reformand the impact of the contexts that have changed. Therefore, it is necessary to findthe new strategy for basic education school management. In organization management, the idea of new world order or Good Governance is chosen for solving the problems and developing organization aimed to use of democratic process, participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law, ethical value and responsibility in order to manage organization effectively.

Thais living style almost depend on Buddhism which some partsare as same as good governance principle. Therefore, good governance principle is the suitable model for basic education school management in Thailand.

While The Nation Social and Economic Development Plan Committee has created sustainable development indicators, Prachadhipok Institutes has created indicators of good governance for evaluating in Thai bureaucratic organization.

There are lots of researches concerned with basic education management, good governance or sustainable development. According to ‘Good governance in education management in basic education school in Singaburi province’ ofSuwan Thongcome (2006) found that the directors followed the Good Governance in Education management model in the high rateand Prayoun Jamjumrat (2005)studied ‘Basic educationdirectors’ mission in Nakorn Pratomprovince’ found that most of directors followed the mission in high rate because every school had the quality assurance system and their own self-assessment. Moreover,Chatbhumi Srichompoo (2005)studied ‘Good governance management model in basic education area. The result revealed that stakeholders need good governance for management in basic education area’. Besides, there are lots of researches showing authentic tasks in each mission, problem and needs, and expected characteristics such as Sompotch Nilprapa (2000)in ‘Studyof problem and solution in personnel management of primary schools in Education Area12’ and Supakit Kongburan (1999) in ‘Study of middle-size secondary school administrators’ tasksin Nongkai Province’ as well as KarnRuengmontri (2004)in ‘Factors of leaderships influencing effective management in basic education schools as educational reform mainstream: in case of MahasarakhamEducational Area’.

However, the real concern is that no researchers in Thailand has analyzed the policy ‘good governance and sustainable development in basic education efficiency schools’ in details. That’s the reason why the researcher is interested in studying of the ‘good governance and sustainable development policy in education management’ in order to confirm this idea clearly and be understood by all people involved in education management. The researcher would like to know and understand the real definition, and the principles of the policy is the researcher’s concern, because the researcher believes that the study of the policy and the analysis of this research will help people involved in the education management to accomplish their tasks properly in order to build up successful education system in a prosperous Thai society.

Research question

What should the good governance and sustainable development management model in basic education schools should be?

Purposes of study

General purpose

To formulate good governance and sustainable development management model in basic education schools.

Specific purposes

1. To study good governance and sustainable development management model in basic education schools.

2. To formulate good governance and sustainable development management model in basic education schools.

3. To verify and present good governance and sustainable development management model in basic education schools.

Methodology

Section 1 Documentary researchand qualitative research

The researcher synthesizedgood governance and sustainable development management principles in basic education schools from related texts and theories. And qualitative research with observation and In-depth interview should be selected in 2 best-practice schools concerned with good governance and sustainable development management principles in basic education schools. There were 7 steps as below:

Step 1 Selected field researchName of best-practice schools given by 5 basic education administrators. The researcher selected the repetition names of 2 schools to collect data.

Step 2 Field preparationThe researcher preparedto be in the research field by setting of interview issues and observation plansas well as materials for working in the field such as documents,camera,digital tape recording and data collection permission document fromNaresuanUniversity.

Step 3 Work in field research The researcher met the administrator of the schools in the research field in order to explainobjectivesor purposes of working field.

Step 4 Data collection The data collection consists of semi-formal interview, participatory observation and document research such as school plan, port folio, journal, school website, reward etc.

Step 5 Setting source of dataSource of data are :-

  • Abbots, administrator, teachers, students, parents, committee, merchants, janitor guard man.
  • Portfolio of administrator, teachers,students, stakeholders and document evidence such as diagram, chart, photos, materials, report, student work book, student portfolio.
  • Authentic trace, group working, acting in different time.
  • Place consisting of shop, rest house, school, community

Step 6 Tool to collect dataCamera, notebook, tape recording were used as toolsto collect data

Step 7 Data analysis

Methodological triangulation is an attempt to improve validity by combining various techniques in one study. Quantitative and qualitative triangulation is discussed to illustrate the procedures used and the results achieved

Section 2 Formulation of good governance and sustainable development model in basic education schools

Formulationof good governance and sustainable development model in basic education schoolsfrom documentary research and qualitative method to formulate the good governance and sustainable development model in basic education schools.

Section 3 Verification and presentation of good governance and sustainable development management model in basic education schools

Focus group discussionwasused to inspect the model. The 9-experts participated to inspect the model. Model should be presented.

Results

The results from documentary research and qualitative research revealed thatthe model in this research described the basic education schools management as consisting of four tasks of basic education school management, namely, academic management, personnel management, budget management,and general management. In good governance model in basic education schools, there were:

Rule of lawTeacher had to act seriously especially in document,budget,matter, security, commander.They use message in form and pattern that are forming by law. Most of teachers were right in discipline.From this result could explain that if they do not work by the law,they will be punishment by the law. If they do not do along the rules, they will be punishment by society.

Ethical valueBoth of principal developed their school and supported teachers for advancing .They tried to give welfare for teachers such as support the teachers to develop themselves in teacher profession and society.Besides, the policy and limited of task and assured quality was important part for working product.And the most important thing that is the cause of the best working,sacrifice,full capability is happen from intensive ideal and intensive attention to work for all.

ResponsibilityLaw implementing was important result that make the teachers to response and work but they guided the command by themselves so there are no resistance or there are few resistance but self-discipline and habitant in conscious mind for work and requirement in occupation progress in motivation or being work in working culture tread of systematic which had mechanism of inspective evaluation continuous adjustment.Most of the environment surround organization could be impacted on responsibility and made the delegation to follow.

TransparencyBecause of there was monitoring, inspector and evaluation in every tasks, systematic promotion continuously and quality assurance,visitor cause of alert.Information data have to do honesty because of therewas monitoring in all the process of working all time by inner and from divergent stakeholders. Conclusion of work,the reporting had to be explained. They had to stand by in data and information all the time.

Participation The fixing role of working with stakeholder almost pushed in to supporting such as supporting money and materials .They had to know about what was the school done. Most of thing that the schoolswere begging for them was cooperation or asked for joining school activities and they did well.Besides, the role of committee in basic education schools was working upon the law fixing in these role such as timing for meeting.But almost the role was not more different than before because they had not enough capacity. They were not unique,time limiting, lack of continuously data for work, too old to work for effective work. They feared the unnecessary problems for themselves and some of them not know their role that was interesting points to study so far about good and bad, qualification and role to develop.

AccountabilityThe accountability based on system process that was it had to evaluate all of working step to decide and adjust for developing, decreasing cost material management and others. The evaluating, conclusion reporting and researching in working by process and all of the plan was happening all every step in both schools so it might be cause of the monitoring and the evaluation was the part of systematic process working and there is assurance quality so that monitoring and evaluation are confirm.

The researcher demonstrated management process by good governance in planning, doing, evaluation and report, show project,activity, and procedurefor student development.

For sustainable development in basic education schools management by using projects,activities and methods for sustainable development in developing behavior,mentality and wisdom.In order torequirement characteristic. The results revealed that thereare activities for student discipline,student responsibility.They work with doctrine principles. Teaching in normal way and supporting joyful. For concern ceremony with doctrine. There were trainings in manners. Feeling good for themselves and others. Practice for economic,using and preserve for nature and environment,honesty. Supporting to do good thing by training such as training for kindness.

The projects,activities and methods for working skill,work affection,ability to work with different person and have good attitude in honesty occupation.The finding explained thatthereweretrainings in direct experience through sensations. Emphasized on developing in 4 sides consist of physically,emotion,society and wisdom by demonstration, experimental,drawing, printing,creating materials,modeling, blocking,sand structure,threading,feeding,simple cooking.They supported to work by group working and training by child center.

The projects,activities and methods for student ability in synthesis analysis, creative thinking, considering thinking,and having vision,there are stimulation for student opinion, setting activities for group relation, playing in support corner, asking, answering and show their opinion after joining activities from teacher assignment,creative product art,drawing,telling tale story,telling result product,music movement by imagination,blocking,sanding,role play movement, commanding acting such as standing in row, game playing,talking,answering thing from seeing,measurement.

The projects,activities and methods forstudents to get necessary basic skill and basic knowledge by curriculum aspect,there are curriculum analyzed by class and subject, planning for child center, integrated teaching. There are library center,academic corner,evaluation by indicator .There are language teaching such as Thai, English and Japanese, essaycontest, telling story, practice in real situation, playing for sensations, role play,field trip, indirect experience using new technology, muscular skill training,communication, observation, survey from knowledge source.

Linking knowledge and skill by comparing,counting, thinking,calculating,telling story,drawing,opinionsshowing,using visual aid and setting activities for helping in learning process.Using question for stimulus the children to be observe and dare to answer the questions.

The projects,activities and methods for students to get basic skill in finding their knowledge by themselves love to learn and continuous developing themselves,there are project teaching style,activities paper, discussion and asking search knowledge from the library, field trip,experimental in laboratory report from searching.

The projects, activities and methods for students to get sound mind and sound body and have good habitant, there are music movement, playing in the field, health checking,home room,sing songs, jigsaw,drawing,role play,watching cartoon movies, song listening,practice for good habit, student physical capability test, entertainment activities,usual subject,activities for prevent disease,accident,physical, look after by instructor from outer organization.To be acknowledgement and training for prevent drug.

The projects,activities and methods forstudent to appreciate and have good characteristic in art, musical, sport and movement, there are integrated teaching. Training students in Thai orchestra, musical instrument, concert,sport,musical movement, puppet, finger puppet creative sanding, free modeling clay or shape modeling clay or flour, drawing,free painting, blocking, playing jig saw, telling the story,role-play.

Discussion

Model demonstrated that basic education schools management should be governed by good governance principles, which were the rule of law, ethical value, responsibility, transparency, participation and accountability, and sustainable development principles which pointed to human beings who should be developed in behavioral, mental and wisdom aspects.

The projects,activities and methods for sustainable development in developing behavior, mental and wisdom of students, there were many activities in most school although they were different in working culture. Nevertheless the resultswere coming from stimulus,positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement if the thread of system might be forced by admitted condition followed by the law. If the process of work was flowing by systematic, the result would flow in good direction for best quality,because ofthe working process of both schools, there were monitoring process in all activities,and because of the monitoring process the analyzing of problems and quality developing would happen in all activities. The opportunities of successful, the working by plan, monitoring,evaluating,working conclusion report adjustment and developmentthat was total quality management(TQM).