Section 2.3 Carbon-based Molecules
Key Concept: ______
______
Why is Carbon’s structure so special?
Carbon atoms have ____ valence electrons. It ______these electrons with other atoms to form molecules that are held together by strong ______.
Molecules made of carbon atoms are called ______
There are over ______known organic compounds.
There are 3 basic shapes of carbon-based compounds:
- Straight chain
- Branched chain
- Ring structure
Monomers and Polymers
Large carbon-based molecules are made of many repeating small subunits that are joined by ______.
Smaller individual molecules are called______.
Large molecules formed by joining monomers are called ______.
The reaction that joins monomers to form polymers is called ______..
Dehydration synthesis means “to make by______.”
Polymers can be broken down into the monomers that made them through ______.
Hydrolysis means“to break by ______.”
4 Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things
1.______
2.______
3.______
4. ______
CARBOHYDRATES
Types of atoms: _____, ______, _____
Foods that contain primarily carbohydrate molecules are called ______, ______
Functions/Usesin living things:
- ______
- ______
3 Categories of Carbohydrates based on Molecule Size:
1. Monosaccharides – ______molecule (CH2O)n3-8
- ______– made when plants photosynthesize
- ______– component of milk sugar
- ______– fruit sugar
- Disaccharides – _____ monosaccharides joined together
- ______– table sugar (glucose + fructose)
- ______– milk sugar (glucose + galactose)
- Polysaccharides – _____ monosaccharides joined together
- ______– glucose storage in plants
- ______– glucose storage in animals
- ______– used to build plant cell walls
- ______– used in fungus cell walls and
exoskeletons in animals
LIPIDS
Types of Atoms: ___, ____, _____
Uses of Lipids in Living Things:
1. Stores ______amount of chemical energy
2. Provide warmth and ______
3. #1 component of ______
4. Makes ______
Common Features of Lipids:
1. ______
2. ______- Don’t dissolve in water “Water hater”
3. There isn’t a specific monomer found in all Lipids.
Many lipids do contain______.
If the Fatty acid molecules have :
Single bonds between C atoms – Saturated fats ______
Double bonds between C atoms – Unsaturated fats ______
Categories of Lipids and their functions:
1.Triglycerides –Provides Energy
Fats - Solid at room temperature – saturated fats
Oils - Liquids at room temperature – unsaturated fats
2.Phospholipids – Makes Cell membranes
3. Sterols (ex. Cholesterol) – Makes Sex hormones
4. Waxes – Protective coating on skin and leaves
Structure of Triglycerides
- 1 Glycerol molecule
- 2-3 Fatty acid molecules
PROTEINS
Types of Atoms: _____, _____,_____,_____,____
Uses of Proteins in Living Things:
1.Make chemical reactions go faster (______)
2.Move molecules in/out cells
3.Help cells move
4.Molecule receptors on cell surfaces
Monomers of Proteins:
20 different ______linked by ______
9 are Essential – ______
The ______determines a proteins structure and function ex. Hemoglobin p.48
Examples of Protein molecules
1.______– protein in egg white
2.______–breaks apart starch to glucose
3.______– protein in hair, feathers and nails
4.______– protein in blood that O2 attaches to
Nucleic Acids
Types of Atoms: _____,______,_____,_____,_____
Two Types of Nucleic Acid molecules:
1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid - ______
2. Ribonucleic Acid – ______
Uses of Nucleic Acids:
1. Stores hereditary information (______)
2. Helps to make protein molecules (______)
Monomers of Nucleic Acids
1. ______– repeating unit made of 3 molecules
2. ______of nucleotides join together to make DNA/RNA
3 Molecules in a Nucleotide
DNA RNA
______- deoxyribose Sugar – ribose
______PO4 Phosphate PO4
______containing base Nitrogen containing base
What’s the difference between DNA RNA’s structure? ______