US History
Fort Burrows
Andrew Jackson, orThe Jacksonian Era, or The Jackass Era
12.1 –A New Era in Politics
1820s - A growing spirit of equality spreads through the nation. As President, Andrew Jackson supports the interests of the common man
1825 - John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th President of the US (1 term)
1829 - Andrew Jackson becomes the 7th President of the US (2 terms)
1830 - Congress passes the Indian Removal Act forcing Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi
1832 - President Jackson vetoes the bill to renew the charter of the Bank of US
1836 - The second Seminole War begins
1837 - Martin Van Buren becomes the 8th President of the US (1 term)
Presidents:
1st 1789 – 1797 (2 terms) George Washington
#2. 1797 – 1801 (1 term) John Adams
#3. 1801 – 1809 (2 terms) Thomas Jefferson
#4. 1809 – 1817 (2 terms) James Madison
#5. 1817 – 1825 (2 terms) James Monroe
6th 1825 – 1829 (1 term) John Quincy Adams
7th 1829 – 1837 (2 terms) Andrew Jackson
#8 1837 – 1841 (1 term) Martin Van Buren
Learning more about how politics worked in past elections may help students make wise voting decisions in the future. When election time draws near, politicians will flood the radio, TV, newspapers and other media with campaign sound bites. Like politicians of the 1840s, some candidates will either try to present issues in a way that is favorable to their campaign or try to avoid discussing them at all. Often messages from opposing candidates sound equally appealing. For this reason, it is important for voters to learn as much as they can about the issues and about each candidate’s proposals. Campaign issues such as education or budget priorities can affect students’ lives and communities, so it is essential that they prepare to be informed voters.
As President, Andrew Jackson became the symbol for the new democratic spirit that brought political and social changes to the nation.
suffrage - the right to vote
majority - one more than half
Whigs - members of John Quincy Adams’s former National Republican party;
included business people, southern planters, and former Federalists
Democrats - supporters of Andrew Jackson; included frontier farmers & factory workers
caucus - private meeting; often a political meeting
nominating convention - meeting at which a political party chooses a candidate
summon – to call; to ask to come to you
shrewd – clever, smart
hickory – type of tree with very hard wood
faction – smaller group within a larger group
retaliatory – having the quality of revenge or payback
population distribution -the pattern of where people live.
human modification – the process or result of humans changing something to their needs or desires
transatlantic – crossing over the ocean relating to concerns from both continents
intrusion – the act of putting oneself into a place or situation where one is uninvited or unwelcome
drafting – preliminary version of piece of text; writing the first copy
*** WHY ?
Electoral College.
HOR decided; ______.
Jackson ____, Adams _____.
There was ____ at that time and a majority would have been ______
Growing Spirit of Equality
Most American no longer felt that the ‘rich’ deserved special respect. Wealthy European visitors were surprised that American servants expected to be treated as equals.
The Andrew Jackson – Democratic Revolution – More Allowed to VOTE.
☼More Voters / Prior to 1828 / 1828 / 184027 % voted / 58 % / 80 %
An Estimated 57.9 Percent of Eligible Voters Voted in 2016 Presidential Election. 320 million population
Voting Eligible Population Ballots / Voter Eligible Population That Didn't Vote / Voter Eligible Population Total
138,884,643 (60 percent) / 92,671,979 (40 percent) / 231,556,622
US is growing rapidly, more potential voters, territories become ‘New’ States
New Western States allowed all white men over 21 to vote even if they did not OWN land
The trend spread back to the Eastern states, this now gave craftsworkers and shopkeepers the right to vote. A Voice in Government !!!!
¿¿ Why were political parties more democratic by the mid-1800s ?
1.______
2._ Ideas about social classes change
☼Limits on Suffrage
Many Americans still can’t Vote; Women, Indians, Freedmen, or Slaves
More and More white men become eligible to vote,
More and More black men lose their right to vote
Early on most Northern states allowed black men to vote; in the 1820s, most states took this right away
1830s, New York allowed black ‘land-owners’ to vote
French Point of View
In 1831, the French sent Alexis de Tocqueville ( TOHK veel ) 25 year oldaristocratic Frenchman to study the American prison system. When he arrived he changed his reporting direction. He wrote a book, Democracy in America; in his book he noted…the “revolution taking place” in America.
One of the most startling observations regarding American girls… “An American girl thinks for herself, speaks with freedom, and acts on her own impulse… for she is full of reliance on her own strength”
The Disputed Election of 1824
☼The Candidates
#6 John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) 1 term, son of 2nd President, from Massachusetts; wealthy family; graduated from Harvard; served as Secretary of State; helped end the 1812 war
Intelligent and had High moral
Average people thought he was hard and seemed cold
The TWIST IN THIS STORY
Henry Clay, from Hanover, Virginia; middle-class farm family; graduated from William and Mary College; Senator from Kentucky; He was the 8th, 10th, & 13th Speaker of the US House of Representatives, SOH 3 times;
Inherited Land and Slaves from his Baptist preacher father
He was a leading war hawk and according to historianClement Eaton, was "more than any other individual" responsible for the War of 1812
Less popular than Jackson
Now Bring In ANDREW JACKSON
Andrew Jackson, (Old Hickory) from Waxhaws, on the borders of North and South Carolina; poor family lived in a log cabin; 1st Territorial Governor of Florida; US Senator from Tennessee; “Hero of New Orleans” during 1812 War
Average working man; Blue-Collar Hero
Large Land and Slave owner
Most voters believed he was ‘the man of the people’
☼The “Corrupt Bargain”
No clear winner in the Election of 1824
Jackson won the popular vote
HOR picked from the top three
As SOH, Clay urged the House to pick Adams, they did
For his support, Adams selected Clay as Secretary of State; this was called the ‘Corrupt Bargain’
This action split the voters and made it very hard for Adams to unify the nation
An Unpopular President
Adams tried to ‘bring the whole people together’ through internal improvements. This did not work and opposition to him grew.
☼Promoting Economic Growth
Adams called for the Federal Government to pay-fornew Roads and Canals; aimed at the many, many unhappyvoting Farmers
He also wanted to build Universities and Observatories, which astronomers could study the stars
Average Americans feared a powerful Federal Government
Congress approved the roads and some canals and turned down most of Adam’s other programs
☼A Bitter Campaign
Andrew ‘ Old Hickory’ Jackson John Quincy Adams
642,553 Popular Vote 500,897
178 Electoral Vote 83
1828, only 2 men ran for the Presidency – Adams and Jackson
The voters remembered the ‘Corrupt Bargain’ and Jackson easily won
This election made the politics of the ‘common people’ important; farmers in the West and South and the city workers in the East
☼Jacksonian Democracy
‘the spread of political power to the people’ - Jacksonian Democracy
1st time in Presidential history, thousands of ordinary people flooded the capital to watch their President take the oath of office
“Country men, farmers, gentlemen, mounted and dismounted, boys, women and children, black and white. Carriages, wagons, and carts pursuing Jackson to the White House.” Margaret Bayard Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society
Prior to Jackson, the US Gov’t collected $21 million and spent $24 million annually, after Jackson, the US Gov’t collected $30 million and spent $25 million
¿¿How did Jackson’s election in 1828 reflect the changing views about democracy ?
______
Fill In The Blank
John Quincy Adams / Andrew Jackson1. Home
state
2. Family
background
3. Professional
background
4. Political
party
New Political Parties
Adam’s supporters called themselves National Republicans or WHIGS
Wanted a strong Federal Government to control the economy; included Eastern business people, some Southern Plantation owners, and many former Federalists
Jackson’s supporters called themselves Democrats
Wanted the ‘majority of voice’ (the people) to run the government; included frontier farmers, and workers in Eastern cities
Federalist party disappears / American society becomes more democratic / Whig party emerges to support Adams and his programs / Jackson believes gov’t should represent the interests of the common people / Democratic party emerges to support Jackson and his ideas
NEW POLITICAL PARTIES☼New Ways to Choose Candidates
Old School – Caucus, or private meeting to decide the candidates for President; only a few powerful people were involved; ignoring the average citizen
New School – Nominating Convention, delegates from all states chose the party’s candidate for President; allowing the people to have some influence
State nominating conventions encouraged citizen participation in elections
*** TAKS 8.5 F ¿¿ How did the modern Democratic party begin ?
1. ______
2. ______
1. Before the election of 1828, the percentage of eligible voters who cast ballots was…
A. more than twice as many as in 1828
B. about the same as in 1828
C. less than half as many as in 1828
D. less than 10 percent of that of 1828
2. Why was there a dispute over the election of 1824 ?
______
3. Why was John Quincy Adams an unpopular President ?
a.______
b.______
c.______
4. What new political parties developed ?
Democrats and Whigs (National Republicans)
1 of PRINTER COPY 12.1 JAN 2018