Criminal Procedure, 3e

Matthew Lippman

Lecture Outline

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Criminal Procedure

  1. Introduction
  2. Reasons to study criminal procedure:
  3. Practical usefulness
  4. Professional usefulness
  5. Understanding of Constitution
  6. Insight into judicial decisions
  7. Comprehension of public policy
  1. Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure
  2. Substantive vs. procedural criminal law
  3. Criminal procedure
  4. Addresses investigation, detention, and prosecution
  5. Regulates authority of police and other actors in the system
  6. Civil rights
  1. Balancing Security and Rights
  2. Fair procedures will result in accurate results
  3. Balance between due process and crime control
  1. The Objectives of Criminal Procedure
  2. Accuracy
  3. Efficiency
  4. Respect
  5. Fairness
  6. Equality
  7. Adversarial
  8. Participation
  9. Appeals
  10. Justice
  1. The Criminal Justice Process
  2. Discretion
  3. Criminal investigation
  4. Determine whether a crime has been committed
  5. Identify who committed the crime
  6. Arrest
  7. Probable cause
  8. With or without a warrant
  9. Postarrest
  10. Postarrest investigation
  11. Criminal charge
  12. First appearance before a magistrate
  13. Defendant informed of charges
  14. Gerstein hearing
  15. Pretrial
  16. Probable cause hearing
  17. Filing of information
  18. Indictment
  19. Pretrial motions
  20. Trial
  21. Sentencing
  22. Appeal
  23. Postconviction
  24. Habeas corpus
  1. The Sources of the Law of Criminal Procedure
  2. U.S. Constitution
  3. The supreme law of the land
  4. The central source of criminal procedure
  5. Judicial decisions
  6. Courts must interpret and explain the U.S. Constitution
  7. U.S. Supreme Court has final word
  8. Must look to lower courts for many questions
  9. State constitutions
  10. Contain provisions addressing criminal procedure that are similar to the provisions of the U.S. Constitution
  11. Are able to provide greater protections than are required by the U.S. Supreme Court
  12. Common law
  13. English (British)
  14. Formed the basis of American law and justice
  15. Legislative statutes
  16. U.S. Congress and the fifty state legislatures
  17. Laws that regulate various aspects of criminal procedure
  18. Court rules
  19. Detailed procedures for the federal criminal justice process
  20. Incorporate the judgments of the U.S. Supreme Court
  21. Agency regulations
  22. Internal regulations of law enforcement agencies
  23. Usually are based on the requirements of the U.S. Constitution
  24. Model codes
  25. Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure
  26. Help set standards for street encounters between the police and citizens prior to a formal arrest
  1. The Structure of the Federal and State Court Systems
  2. Parallel judicial systems
  3. Federal
  4. State
  5. Concurrent jurisdiction
  6. The Federal Judicial System
  7. District courts
  8. Circuit courts
  9. En banc hearings
  10. U.S. Supreme Court

a)Precedent

b)Stare decisis

c)Original jurisdiction

d)Writ of certiorari

e)Rule of four

f)Brief

g)Appellant / appellee

h)Collateral attack

(1)Petitioner

(2)Respondent

  1. Supreme Court opinions

a)Majority

b)Concurring

c)Plurality

d)Dissenting

e)Per curiam

  1. Specialized courts
  1. State Courts
  2. Courts of original jurisdiction

a)Courts of limited jurisdiction

b)Courts of general jurisdiction

c)Bench trial

d)Trial de novo

  1. Intermediate appellate courts
  2. State supreme courts

a)Discretionary appeal

  1. State court judge selection process
  1. Precedent
  2. Varying degrees of authority to apply precedent
  3. First impression
  4. Persuasive authority
  5. Binding authority
  1. Judicial Philosophy
  2. Shifts in ideology
  3. Courts named after the Chief Justice
  4. Areas of focus:
  5. Federalism
  6. Precedent
  7. Bright-line rules
  8. Police power
  9. State of mind
  10. Interpretation
  11. Separation of powers
  12. Consensus
  13. Psychology

X. Law in Action and Law on the Books